According to the gene interaction that is operating in the trait determination, the phenotypic ratios of the progeny produced when test-crossing a dihybrid are: a) 4:12, b) 8:8, and c) 12:4
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To answer these questions, the first thing you should notice by looking at the phenotypic ratios provided, is that there are two genes involved in the trait, and there is interaction between them.
Let us assume diallelic genes. A and B are the dominant alleles, while a and b are the recessive alleles.
In the three cases (a, b, and c), F1 individuals are dihybrid. Their genotype is AaBb.
Observing the altered phenotype proportions of the offspring can reveal which interaction is operating in the trait determination.
We can use the phenotypic ratio to determine the interaction, so:
9:3:3:1 ⇒ No interaction9:7 ⇒ Double Recessive epistasis 9:3:4 ⇒ Recessive epistasis15:1 ⇒ Dominant duplicate genes.When talking about epistasis, we are referring to an interruption.
The epistatic gene can alter, influence, or suppress the expression of a hypostatic gene.
When there is only one epistatic gene in h0m0zyg0us recessive state, the interaction is known as recessive epistasis. This gene supresses the expression of the other gene. Phenotypic ratio 9:3:4.In double recessive epistasis, both genes are epistatic when they are in a h0m0zyg0us recessive state. This is, in the h0m0zyg0us recessive state, either of the genes will inhibit the expression of the other gene. And vice-versa. Phenotypic ratio 9:7.In Duplicate gene action, there are two genes involved in the expression of a phenotype, and the presence of at least one dominant allele is enough to produce the dominant phenotype. Phenotypic ratio 15:1.
So now, let us make the test-cross.
Note: You will see that the cross is the same in the three cases, but the phenotypic ratio changes according to the interaction.
Cross) dihybrid individual with h0m0zyg0us recessive one
Parental) AaBb x aabb
Gametes) AB, Ab, aB, ab ab, ab, ab, ab
Punnett square) AB Ab aB ab
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
ab AaBb Aabb aaBb aabb
F2) Phenotypic ratio
***Double recessive epistasis ⇒ 4:12
4/16 dihybrids12/16 heter0zyg0us for one gene and h0m0zyg0us recessive for the other gene.Both genes in recessive state inhibit the expression of the trait.
***Recessive epistasis ⇒ 8:8
In h0m0zyg0us recessive state, Gene A inhibits the expression of B.
8/16 AaBb or Aabb → The trait coded by B or b is being expressed8/16 aaBb or aabb → The trait coded by B or b is inhibited by aa.***Duplicate gene action ⇒ 12:4
Only one dominant allele, either A or B, is enough to express the trait.
12/16 AbBb, Aabb, or aaBb 4/16 aabb → No dominant allele, no trait expressed.Phenotypic ratios:
a) 4:12 = 1:3
b) 8:8 = 1:1
c) 12:4 = 3:1
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Anyone know the answer?
________________ results from microevolutionary changes that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.
Answer: Adaptation
Explanation:
Consider this animal cell.
What is the function of the organelles that are labeled F?
A. to temporarily store water, waste products, food, and other cellular material
B. to produce proteins for the cell
C. to move proteins and other substances through the cell
D. to contain digestive enzymes that break down waste material and debris in the cell
PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY
location of genes in the chromosome
Answer:
Chromosomes and genes. Genes are arranged linearly along the length of each chromosome (like beads on a string), with each gene having its own unique position or locus. In a pair of chromosomes, one chromosome is always inherited from the mother and one from the father.
Explanation:
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I dont know to do delate
Answer:
what to delete if you say the full information I could help you to solve
Certain bacteria are present in the soil. They help grab nitrogen from the environment and convert it into products that plants can use to generate food.
These bacteria are a(n) _______ part of the environment.
A.
abiotic
B.
biotic
C.
toxic
D.
external
PLEASE HELP
I am doing a study island
nitrogen fixation (this could be the answer)
......the name of the bacteria is Risobbium bacteria... this bacteria is a part of a nitrogen fixation. .
-but maybe this is the not answer..
Answer:
biotic
Explanation:
A 10kg mass is lifted to a height of 2m. What is its potential energy at this position?
Answer:
m=10kg h=2m Ep=mgh Ep=(10kg)(9.8 m/sec2)(2m) Ep=196J
Explanation:
The formula for potential energy depends on the force acting on the two objects. For the gravitational force, the formula is P.E. = mgh, where m is the mass in kilograms, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m / s2 at the surface of the earth) and h is the height in meters.
bộ xương người gồm mấy loại xương
Answer:
gồm 12: xương sọ, xương hàm dưới, xương đòn, xương vai, xương ức, xương sườn, xương cánh tay, xương trụ, xương quay, xương cổ tay, xương cùng, xương cụt
Explanation:
What are the theory of cell ?
Answer:
that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Explanation:
What is Cicero's philosophy of government?
Answer:
Cicero proposed that the ideal government "is formed by an equal balancing and blending" of monarchy, democracy, and aristocracy. In this "mixed state," he argued, royalty, the best men, and the common people all should have a role.
Answer:
Like Polybius, Cicero has suggested three types of government—royalty, aristocracy and democracy. But in each form of government there is the germ of corruption and instability and this leads to the fall of government. Only a mixed form of government is the proper guarantee of stability and corruption-free society.
Please write a paragraph including feelings and questions after reading this writing, include your understanding reflection. I appreciate it if you do this please please
Not sure what you mean by understanding reflection but i'll do my best.
World War II was one of / if not the biggest tragedy to happen in modern history. It taught the world important lessons about society; that we need to work together and not let our differences enable another global conflict to the degree of WW2. However, history never completely repeats itself and while WW2 was a terrible and unimaginable tragedy, it provided us with information that can help us all in avoiding a future conflict similar in nature. However, how is the author so certain that history doesn't repeat itself? Have we not seen history do such thing. For example, there were vaccination protests all throughout history just like how there is vaccination protest today. So, I am interested in how the author came to his conclusion that WW2 will not inevitably repeat itself.
what can be concluded about comparing differences in molecular biology between different species?
Answer:
Comparing the DNA or amino acid sequences in different species can show how closely related species are in evolutionary terms. The more similar the sequence, the more closely related the species.
Explanation:
Describing How Traits Are Inherited
Quick
Check
Which statements describe how traits are inherited? Check all that apply.
An offspring always receives different alleles from each parent.
An offspring always receives the same alleles from each parent.
An offspring can receive different alleles or the same alleles from each parent.
Traits are inherited when proteins are passed from parents to offspring.
Traits are inherited when genes are passed from parents to offspring.
Answer:
c.An offspring can receive different alleles or the same alleles from each parent.
e.Traits are inherited when genes are passed from parents to offspring.
Explanation:
What are some things water will adhere to? and What are some things water will not adhere to?
Answer:
1. Water has an amazing ability to adhere (stick) to itself and to other substances. Hydrogen bonds form when hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F) in the form of covalent compounds such as ammonia (NH3), water (H2O) and hydrogen fluoride gas (HF).
2. In the case of water, hydrogen bonds form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules. The attraction between individual water molecules creates a bond known as a hydrogen bond.
easy one - giving brainly if correct
Answer:
a bald eagle is a heterotroph and a producer.
Explanation:
Help …. I’m new and looking for help with these questions
Why are some crows not afraid of scarecrows?
Which of the following are common end products of aerobic and anaerobic
respiration reactions?
O CO2 is released during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration reactions.
ATP is a common end product of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
O CO2 is released during both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation reactions.
Water is produced as a result of fermentation reactions.
Answer:
Co2 is released during both lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation reactions.
Water is produced as a result of fermentation reactions.
Explanation:
I took the test and the person above me is correct
Respiration taking place in presence and absence of oxygen has different end products. Aerobic respiration has the end products as carbon dioxide and water, alcohol is the end product of anaerobic respiration.
What is respiration ?It is the process in which the complex substituents are broken into simpler products in the presence of oxygen and absence of oxygen in order to produce energy.
In the aerobic respiration processes like glycolysis takes place where the glucose breaks down into 4 molecules of ATP with the consumption of 2 ATP molecules. 1 glyceraldehyde molecule is produced from the glucose that is 2 glyceraldehyde molecules are produced. Total of 4 ATP are produced.
Alcoholic fermentation is the anaerobic respiration that says the anaerobic respiration where the glucose is broken down into alcohol and water. In the anaerobic respiration, excess of alcohol gets broken down into lactate.
Learn more about respiration at:
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If the base sequence of template strand reads GCCATTAC, what is the base sequence of the mRNA
How do sedimentary rocks form on Earth’s surface?
A
in vertical stripes
B
with no clear pattern
C
in horizontal layers
D
in a crisscross pattern
Answer:
I am 95% sure its b, if not then it is c
Answer:
C
Explanation:
How does how fast you're breathing affect cellular respiration.
Answer:
the breathing rate and volume of each breath increases to bring more oxygen into the body and remove the carbon dioxide produced. the heart rate increases, to supply the muscles with extra oxygen and remove the carbon dioxide produced.
Replacement Level Fertility is the number of children a couple must have to
A. reinvent themselves
B. justify themselves
C. benefit themselves
D. replace themselves
Answer:
2.1 children per woman
D replace themselves
Explanation:
Of the elements listed below,which has the greatest electronegativity?
A periodic table is provided for reference.
Answer:
Bromine
Explanation:
Electronegativity increases as you go across a period and decreases as you go down a group.
The large, round cell part that controls cell activities in
Answer:
Explanation:
.
2. Use the drawing to answer this question. What type of cell is this? B А с 3 2 1 5 F D E
Answer: Whats the drawing
Explanation:
Match each of the leg muscles with the correct label. 2
Answer:
The numbers on the leg photo
1. Tensor fasciae latae
2. Soleus
3. Peroneus longus
Explanation: are correct
A polar bear has thick, white fur that camouflages it when it sits on snow. Which type of adaptation is this modification?
A. structural
B.natural
C.functional
D.behavioral
Which on is it?
Answer:B Natural
Explanation:Camouflage is a adaptation which animals use to blend in with their surroundings in order to protect themselves from the predators and hunters. This also gives them a better chance of survival and easy mode of hunting for food.
For example: white fox hides in the snow from the predators
Camouflage is a clear example of Physical or Structural adaptations.
-Body shape, color and body patterns are the adaptations that assists both predators and prey to camouflage
-As in the example mentioned, the polar bear with its white fur hides in the snow and waits for the right time to attack its prey without being seen
Hope it helps!!
What movements do the quadriceps femoris muscles perform?
Answer:
a. Extension of the lower leg
Explanation: is correct
does anyone understand this? help please. and thank u :D
Answer:
not really
Explanation:
sorry cant help you
which chromosome pair is involved in the mutation triple x syndrome
54954 gmfn 45443 rfe546654
