The NPV for the first project is approximately $16,745.61.
The Truck project has an IRR of 22.04%, a positive NPV of $3,669, and an MIRR of 16.10%.
The Pulley project has an IRR of 26.95%, a positive NPV of $6,446, and an MIRR of 18.39%.
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV) of a project, we need to discount the expected net cash inflows by the cost of capital over the project's life. The NPV is the sum of the present values of the cash flows minus the initial cost.
For the first project:
Initial cost (negative cash flow) = -$65,000
Net cash inflows for each year = $12,000
Cost of capital = 11%
Project life = 10 years
Constructing a time line helps visualize the cash flows over time:
Year: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cash flow: -65,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000 12,000
Using the formula for calculating the present value of cash flows, we can find the present value of each year's cash flow and sum them up:
PV = CF / (1 + r)^n
Where PV is the present value, CF is the cash flow, r is the cost of capital, and n is the year.
Calculating the present value for each year and summing them up, we find:
PV = -$65,000 + ($12,000 / (1 + 0.11)^1) + ($12,000 / (1 + 0.11)^2) + ... + ($12,000 / (1 + 0.11)^10)
Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet software, the NPV for the first project is approximately $16,745.61.
For the second part of the question, we need to calculate the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), NPV, and Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) for each project. The IRR is the discount rate that makes the NPV equal to zero, and the MIRR accounts for the reinvestment rate of cash flows.
Given the cash flows for the truck and pulley projects, we can use a financial calculator or spreadsheet software to find the IRR, NPV, and MIRR for each project.
Truck:
IRR = 22.04%
NPV = $3,669
MIRR = 16.10%
Pulley:
IRR = 26.95%
NPV = $6,446
MIRR = 18.39%
Therefore, for both projects, the decision would be to accept them since they have positive NPVs and the IRRs are higher than the cost of capital (14%).
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the reduction in consumption spending causes in product prices and production costs and the full-employment output level.
A reduction in consumer spending can lead to lower product prices and production costs in the economy, as well as potentially affect the full-employment output level.
When there is a reduction in consumer spending, it can have several effects on the economy. Firstly, lower consumption demand can result in a decrease in product prices. When consumers spend less on goods and services, businesses may need to lower their prices in order to stimulate demand and maintain sales. This downward pressure on prices can be a result of reduced competition among firms and excess supply in the market.
Additionally, a reduction in consumption spending can impact production costs. As consumer demand decreases, businesses may scale back their production levels to align with the lower demand. This decrease in production can lead to reduced input requirements, such as labor and raw materials, resulting in lower production costs for firms.
Furthermore, the reduction in consumption spending can also affect the economy's full-employment output level. When there is a decrease in consumer demand, businesses may produce less and operate below their full capacity. This can result in an output level that is lower than the economy's maximum potential output when all resources are fully utilized. In such a situation, the economy may experience an output gap and underutilization of resources.
Overall, a reduction in consumer spending can lead to lower product prices, reduced production costs, and a potential impact on the full-employment output level of the economy. These effects can have implications for businesses, consumers, and overall economic performance.
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The Developmental Challenge Profile (DCP) assesses the:
a.
educational level of a manager.
b.
developmental components of a job.
c.
challenges of a job.
d.
potential of a job.
The Developmental Challenge Profile (DCP) assesses the challenges of a job (option c).
The DCP is a tool used to evaluate and measure the specific challenges associated with a particular job. It aims to identify and understand the developmental aspects and demands of the job, focusing on the skills, knowledge, and experiences required for effective performance and growth.
By assessing the challenges of a job, the DCP provides insights into the developmental opportunities and areas for improvement within the role. It helps organizations and managers identify the specific areas where employees may need additional support, training, or resources to enhance their performance and achieve their full potential.
The DCP is not primarily focused on evaluating the educational level of a manager (option a), developmental components of a job (option b), or the potential of a job (option d). While education, development, and potential may be indirectly addressed or considered within the DCP assessment, its primary purpose is to evaluate and assess the challenges associated with a job.
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(f) Promotion (How do Starbucks Malaysia attract customers?
Explain the Sales Promotions) (20 marks). • After understanding the
concept, identify at least THREE (3) promotions tools Starbucks
Malays
Starbucks Malaysia uses several promotion strategies to attract customers. The promotion is the primary tool used to attract potential customers and to increase sales. Promotions make the product or service more attractive to the target audience.
Some of the popular sales promotion strategies used by Starbucks Malaysia are given below:
1. Discounted price: Starbucks Malaysia offers discounted prices on various products to attract customers. The customers can purchase products at a lower price than the usual price. This strategy helps Starbucks to attract price-sensitive customers.
2. Coupons and Vouchers: Starbucks Malaysia offers coupons and vouchers to customers. These vouchers can be redeemed at Starbucks stores for free or discounted products. This strategy helps Starbucks to attract new customers and retain existing customers.
3. Loyalty programs: Starbucks Malaysia has a loyalty program that rewards customers for their purchases. Customers can earn points for their purchases and redeem them for free products. This strategy helps Starbucks to retain customers and increase customer loyalty. Starbucks Malaysia also offers seasonal promotions to attract customers during festive seasons.
For example, during Christmas, Starbucks Malaysia offers Christmas-themed drinks and merchandise. In conclusion, Starbucks Malaysia uses several promotion tools to attract customers. Starbucks uses the promotion strategy to create brand awareness and attract potential customers.
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determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022.
The accounts for common stock and dividends will receive $248,000 in cash inflows and $25,000 in cash outflows in 2022.
To determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022,
Cash inflows from issuance of common stock: $230,000. This is based on the common stock's initial amount of $200,000 plus the additional stock issuance of $30,000.
Cash inflows from dividends: $18,000. This is based on the total amount of declared dividends of $15,000 plus the amount of dividends that were declared the previous year but not paid, which is $3,000. (The dividend is a distribution of earnings to shareholders, and it is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)
Cash outflows from the purchase of treasury stock: $10,000. This is based on the amount of common stock repurchased of $10,000. (The repurchase of stock is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)Cash outflows from the payment of dividends: $15,000. This is based on the total amount of declared dividends of $15,000. (The payment of dividends is recorded in the statement of cash flows as a cash outflow.)
In summary, the cash inflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022 are $248,000, and the cash outflows are $25,000.
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The complete question is:
The following account balances relate to the stockholders' equity accounts of Sheffield Corp. at year-end. 2022 2021 Common stock, 11,110 and 10,610 shares, respectively, for 2022 and 2021 $153,650 $132,850 Preferred stock, 5,050 shares 136,350 136,350 Retained earnings 322,310 272,200 A small stock dividend was declared and issued in 2022. The market price of the shares was $7,920. Cash dividends were $19,970 in both 2022 and 2021. The common stock has no par or stated value. What was the amount of net income reported by Sheffield Corp. in 2022? Net income $ Determine the amounts of any cash inflows or outflows related to the common stock and dividend accounts in 2022. (Show amounts that decrease cash flow with either a - sign e.g. -15,000 or in parenthesis e.g. (15,000).) Cash flow related to common stock account $ Cash flow related to dividend account $ eTextbook and Media Indicate where each of the cash inflows or outflows identified in (b) would be classified on the statement of cash flows. Cash flow related to common stock account Cash flow related to dividend account
financial reports prepared by financial accountants focus on ______. financial reports prepared by management accountants focus on ________.
Financial reports prepared by financial accountants are designed to provide financial information to external stakeholders, such as shareholders, investors, and creditors. Such reports are required to meet certain regulatory requirements and are therefore highly standardized in their presentation. They typically focus on a company's financial performance and position, including revenue, expenses, assets, liabilities, and equity.
Management accountants, on the other hand, prepare financial reports that are designed for internal stakeholders, such as managers, executives, and employees. These reports are more flexible and can be tailored to suit the needs of different audiences. They focus on providing relevant and timely information to support decision-making, planning, and control. This includes information on cost behavior, budgeting, forecasting, performance measurement, and risk management.In conclusion, while financial reports prepared by financial accountants focus on financial performance and are designed for external stakeholders, reports prepared by management accountants focus on decision-making and are designed for internal stakeholders.
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Luke is calculating his cost of a year in college. Tuition fees, and books would cost him $11,200, he'd pay $4,800 for housing, and spend $2,400 on food. If he did not go to college, he would live in his parents' house for free and spend $1,500 less on food. Suppose Luke's best alternative to college is to work and earn $30,000 per year. Let's help Luke calculate his true cost. To calculate Luke's opportunity cost, we must determine what exactly he gives up if he goes to college. First, it is the tuition fees, and books ($11,200), since by paying this money for the school Luke is giving up other things he could buy for it. Second, if Luke goes to college, he is giving up the money he has to pay for housing ($4,800), as otherwise he'd live in his parents' house for free. He's also giving up the additional $1,500 spent on food when in college. Finally, he is giving up the job that pays $30,000. Thus, Luke's total opportunity cost of a year in college is $11,200 + $4,800 + $1,500 + $30,000 = $47,500 Note that to correctly determine the opportunity costs of a choice, it is important to keep in mind that when there are several alternatives to a choice and they are mutually exclusive only the best alternative counts. Here is an example, 1. Fullscreen Question 5 Homework - Answered Confusing In Example 2, suppose Luke couldn't live in his parents' house for free. Instead, no matter whether or not he goes to college, he'd pay $4,800 for housing and spend $2,400 on food. Then, Luke's cost of a year in college would be
In Example 2, suppose Luke couldn't live in his parents' house for free. Instead, no matter whether or not he goes to college, he'd pay $4,800 for housing and spend $2,400 on food.
Then, Luke's cost of a year in college would be $11,200 + $4,800 + $2,400 + $30,000 = $48,400.The previous cost that Luke would spend on housing, which was $4,800, would be spent no matter what he does.
When this happens, the only changes in the opportunity cost would be the increased cost of food. The $1,500 of additional food costs would increase by $900, making the new opportunity cost of college $11,200 + $4,800 + $2,400 + $30,000 = $48,400.
In Example 2, suppose Luke couldn't live in his parents' house for free. Instead, no matter whether or not he goes to college, he'd pay $4,800 for housing and spend $2,400 on food.
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1. Who decides the requirements of machines?
2. (True/False) The facility planner is the key person for making/bying decisions
3. Give two examples of group technology
4. How does the forecasting information affect the capacity of a facility
5. Define order picking and packing list
The requirements of machines are determined by the manufacturing companies, with the aid of engineers, to ensure that the machines are built with specific functions to meet the needs of consumers.
2. The statement is True, the facility planner is responsible for deciding how the facility will be organized and operated.
The facility planner's decision can make or break the facility's capacity to meet the demands of the market.
3. Some examples of group technology include the following:
Identifying product families of similar components or products and grouping them together for production.Arranging the factory layout in such a way that similar components are located close together.4. Forecasting information affects the capacity of a facility in several ways.
Forecasting helps in estimating the number of units required, the number of orders to be placed, and the production schedule. All of these aspects are critical in determining the capacity of a facility.5. Order picking is a process in which goods are selected from a warehouse or storage area to be delivered to a customer.
A packing list, on the other hand, is a document that lists the items that have been picked for the customer's order. This document may also include additional information, such as the customer's name, address, and order number.To know more on warehouse visit:
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4. Specialization and trade When a country has a comparative advantage in the production of a good, it means that it can produce this good at a lower opportunity cost than its trading partner. Then the country will specialize in the production of this good and trade it for other goods. The following graphs show the production possibilities frontiers (PPFs) for Freedonia and Lamponia. Both countries produce potatoes and sugar, each initially (i.e., before specialization and trade) producing 18 million pounds of potatoes and 9 million pounds of sugar, as indicated by the grey stars marked with the letter A. (?) ? Freedonia Lamponia 48 42 36 30 SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 18 12 6 0 0 PPF 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 POTATOES (Millions of pounds) 48 SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 0 0 PPF ———— | 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 POTATOES (Millions of pounds) 48 Freedonia has a comparative advantage in the production of while Lamponia has a comparative advantage in the Suppose that Freedonia and Lamponia specialize in the production of the goods in which each has a million pounds of sugar and million pounds of production of comparative advantage. After specialization, the two countries can produce a total of potatoes. Suppose that Freedonia and Lamponia agree to trade. Each country focuses its resources on producing only the good in which it has a comparative advantage. The countries decide to exchange 12 million pounds of potatoes for 12 million pounds of sugar. This ratio of goods is known as the price of trade between Freedonia and Lamponia. The following graph shows the same PPF for Freedonia as before, as well as its initial consumption at point A. Place a black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate Freedonia's consumption after trade. Note: Dashed drop lines will automatically extend to both axes. ? Freedonia 48 42 36 30 24 18 12 6 0 SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 0 PPF 6 12 || 18 A 24 30 36 42 48 Consumption After Trade The following graph shows the same PPF for Lamponia as before, as well as its initial consumption at point A. As you did for Freedonia, place a black point (plus symbol) on the following graph to indicate Lamponia's consumption after trade. (?) Lamponia 48 + 42 Consumption After Trade 36 1 1 0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 POTATOES (Millions of pounds) True or False: Without engaging in international trade, Freedonia and Lamponia would not have been able to consume at the after-trade consumption bundles. (Hint: Base this question on the answers you previously entered on this page.) O True O False SUGAR (Millions of pounds) 12 6 0 PPF A
True. Without engaging in international trade, Freedonia and Lamponia would not have been able to consume at the after-trade consumption bundles.What is meant by comparative advantage
Comparative advantage refers to a situation where one country can produce a particular good or service at a lower opportunity cost compared to another country. In other words, it means that the country can produce a particular good at a lower cost in terms of the resources they are sacrificing than another country that is producing the same good.
Countries that have comparative advantages specialize in the production of the good or service in question, and then engage in trade with countries that have a comparative advantage in producing other goods or services.How can international trade benefit countries?International trade can benefit countries in many ways.
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Of the statements below, what is the best (simple) definition of Ethics? Select one: a. It is about convincing guests that the price they are paying is fair. O b. It is about individual and group's value perception. c. It is about moral standards of right and wrong and conduct towards others. O d. It is about having regulatory agencies convincing guests that the price they are paying is fair.
The best definition of Ethics among the given options is c. It is about moral standards of right and wrong and conduct towards others.
Ethics refers to a set of moral principles or standards that govern an individual's or a group's behavior and actions. It involves distinguishing between what is morally right and wrong and guides how individuals or groups should interact with others in a fair, just, and respectful manner. Ethics encompasses concepts such as honesty, integrity, fairness, and responsibility. It is concerned with making decisions and conducting oneself in a manner that aligns with moral values and principles. While fairness in pricing (option a) can be a component of ethical considerations, it is not the sole definition of ethics. Option b mentions value perception, which is a part of individual and group decision-making but doesn't encompass the full scope of ethics. Option d refers to regulatory agencies, which are external entities and not central to the definition of ethics.
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What data analysis technique determines whether the schedule is on track by measuring the results of each activity against the planned values in the schedule baseline?
The data analysis technique that determines whether the schedule is on track by measuring the results of each activity against the planned values in the schedule baseline is called Earned Value Management (EVM).
Earned Value Management (EVM) is a project management method that employs a data-driven approach to measure and monitor a project's performance. EVM provides a way to estimate the actual cost and schedule performance of the project during its execution, as well as a means to identify the extent of variation from the original plan.
A performance measurement approach called Earned Value Management (EVM) is used to integrate scope, schedule, and cost objectives on a project. This technique assesses project progress and performance by comparing work completed to the budgeted amount of work and the budgeted cost of that work. In simple words, it measures the work performed versus the work planned, and it helps to ensure that projects are completed on time, within budget, and meet the project's scope requirements.
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during times of rising prices, which of the following is not an accurate statement?
During times of rising prices, it is not accurate to say that inflation has a positive impact on consumers' purchasing power.
During inflationary periods when prices are rising, the value of money decreases over time. As prices increase, the same amount of money can purchase fewer goods and services. This means that consumers' purchasing power is diminished. Their money can buy less, and they may need to spend more to maintain their desired standard of living. Therefore, stating that inflation has a positive impact on consumers' purchasing power would be inaccurate. Inflation erodes the value of money and reduces the ability of consumers to afford goods and services, leading to a decrease in purchasing power. It is important for individuals and businesses to consider the effects of inflation and plan accordingly to mitigate its impact on their finances.
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You are considering a project that requires a $1000 investment today and returns $550 at the end of the first year and $726 at the end of the second year. If your discount rate is 10%, then the Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment is $
The Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment is $-77.37.
To calculate the Net Present Value (NPV), we need to discount the future cash flows back to their present value using the given discount rate. The NPV formula is as follows:
NPV = (Cash flow at time t / (1 + r)^t) - Initial investment
Where:
NPV is the Net Present Value
CF₀, CF₁, CF₂, ... are the cash flows at different time periods
r is the discount rate
In this case, the cash flows are $550 at the end of the first year (CF₁) and $726 at the end of the second year (CF₂). The discount rate (r) is 10%.
Calculating the present value of the cash flows:
PV₁ = CF₁ / (1+r) = $550 / (1+0.10) = $500
PV₂ = CF₂ / (1+r)² = $726 / (1+0.10)² = $600
Now we can calculate the NPV:
NPV = CF₀ + PV₁ + PV₂ = -$1000 + $500 + $600 = -$77.37
The Net Present Value (NPV) of the investment is -$77.37. This means that the investment is expected to have a negative return when discounted at a rate of 10%. Therefore, it is not a financially viable project as it does not generate positive value in present terms.
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In the latest BLS unemployment report, the data shows that unemployment rate has been steadily
falling this year. However, overall real earnings are down. Knowing what you do about
employment, wages, and current economic climate, discuss why you think this is.
Using your discussion from the above, comment on why you think companies are currently
having trouble getting workers.
The unemployment rate and real earnings are two economic indicators that help us understand the state of the economy. It is often believed that as unemployment rates fall, wages increase. However, in the latest BLS unemployment report, it is evident that this is not the case.
In fact, while the unemployment rate has been steadily falling, the overall real earnings of workers have been decreasing. This is because the labor market is currently facing a shortage of skilled workers. As more and more jobs require specific skills, such as coding, data analysis, or specialized technical skills, there is a mismatch between the available workforce and the jobs available. This has led to an increase in the demand for skilled workers, but the supply of skilled workers has not kept up with this demand.
Therefore, the real earnings of workers who possess these skills have increased. However, for the majority of workers, wages have stagnated or decreased due to the oversupply of low-skilled workers and the undersupply of skilled workers. Additionally, the current economic climate, which is marked by slow economic growth and low productivity, has contributed to the decrease in real earnings. Companies are currently having trouble getting workers because of several reasons.
Firstly, the labor market is facing a shortage of skilled workers, which has increased the competition among companies for these workers.
Secondly, as the economy becomes more globalized, companies are increasingly outsourcing jobs to other countries where labor is cheaper.
Finally, the current economic climate, which is marked by slow economic growth and low productivity, has made it difficult for companies to expand and create new jobs, thus limiting the number of available jobs for workers.
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Discuss the three primary areas of tort law.
Tort law encompasses a wide range of civil wrongs that involve harm or injury to individuals or their property. It provides a legal framework for individuals to seek compensation for the harm they have suffered due to the actions or omissions of others. The three primary areas of tort law are:
1. Intentional Torts: Intentional torts occur when a person deliberately engages in actions that harm another individual or their property. Examples include assault, battery, defamation, trespassing, and intentional infliction of emotional distress. In these cases, the defendant's intent to cause harm is a crucial element for establishing liability.
2. Negligence: Negligence is the most common area of tort law and involves situations where a person fails to exercise reasonable care, leading to harm or injury to another party. To prove negligence, the plaintiff must demonstrate that the defendant owed a duty of care, breached that duty, and caused harm as a result of their actions or inactions. Examples of negligence include car accidents, medical malpractice, slip and fall incidents, and product liability cases.
3. Strict Liability: Strict liability applies to cases where the defendant can be held liable for harm caused, regardless of intent or negligence. In strict liability cases, the focus is on the inherent risk or dangerous nature of the activity or product involved. Common examples include liability for defective products, ultrahazardous activities like using explosives, and keeping wild animals as pets. The plaintiff does not need to prove fault or negligence; instead, they must demonstrate that the harm was caused by the defendant's involvement in the activity or product.
These three areas of tort law provide a comprehensive framework for addressing different types of harm and assigning liability to the responsible parties. They serve to protect individuals' rights, deter harmful behavior, and provide remedies for those who have suffered damages due to the wrongful actions of others.
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1. A sample format for a business plan includes: a. Index b. table of content c. executive summary d. bibliography 2. True or False? A small company with common stock that is not traded is known as a privately held company. Group of answer choices True False 3. The directly responsible supervisor should be named in the information located in the plan's: a. financial segment. b. organization segment. c. marketing segment. d. all of these are correct. 4. The extra bonus for exceptional performance under MIPS is based upon increases in: a. coordination of care. b. performance scores. c. resource use. d. None of these is correct.
The correct answer is c. A sample format for a business plan includes executive summary.
The correct answers are a. Index, b. table of content, c. executive summary.
True. A small company with common stock that is not traded is known as a privately held company.
The correct answer is d. all of these are correct. The directly responsible supervisor may be named in any of the segments mentioned (financial, organization, marketing) depending on their specific role and responsibilities.
The correct answer is b. performance scores. The extra bonus for exceptional performance under MIPS is based on increases in performance scores.
A sample format for a business plan typically includes an executive summary, which is a concise overview of the key elements of the business plan. It provides a summary of the business idea, market analysis, strategies, financial projections, and other important aspects of the plan. The executive summary is usually placed at the beginning of the business plan and serves as a snapshot of the entire document. It is designed to capture the reader's attention and provide a clear understanding of the business concept and its potential. The index, table of contents, and bibliography are important components of a comprehensive business plan, but they are not typically listed as part of the sample format.
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Prepare the Case Study "Miles Everson at PricewaterhouseCoopers" from the course pack.
Focus on the following questions, and prepare their answers in form of an internal memo (max. 2 pages)
What is the role of the Global Engagement Partner (GEP) at PricewaterhouseCoopers?
How effective has Miles Everson been in this role in managing the firm’s relationship with BestBank?
What are the challenges Everson faces in becoming the GEP for Global Financial?
What recommendations do you have for him?
The challenges he faces in becoming the GEP for Global Financial include learning a new industry, working with a diverse team, meeting different customer expectations, frequent travel, and managing work-life balance.
The Global Engagement Partner (GEP) is a partner who is accountable for the services provided by a network firm in serving the global account or territory of the clients. GEP is responsible for the overall global strategy, risk management, planning, and execution of services for the customer. The GEP also acts as the leader of the team that serves the customer and the main contact for the global account or the territory team.How effective has Miles Everson been in this role in managing the firm’s relationship with BestBank?Miles Everson has been very effective in his role in managing the relationship with BestBank. Everson went out of his way to meet BestBank's executives in person, and he was successful in creating a long-term relationship with BestBank. Miles made sure that his team at PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) provided exceptional service to BestBank. As a result, BestBank awarded PwC a long-term audit contract.What are the challenges Everson faces in becoming the GEP for Global Financial?Everson faces several challenges in becoming the GEP for Global Financial. The first challenge is that he will be working in a completely different industry and must learn about the new industry. The second challenge is that the role requires him to work with a more diverse team and understand different cultures. Third, the Global Financial customer will have different expectations than BestBank. Fourth, the role involves frequent travel to different countries, which could be tiring and demanding. Lastly, Everson will have to manage his time effectively to balance his work and family life.What recommendations do you have for him?I recommend the following to Miles Everson to be successful in his new role: First, he should quickly understand the industry and the needs of the customer. Second, he should work closely with the Global Financial team to understand different cultures. Third, he should define clear expectations with Global Financial to ensure a successful working relationship. Fourth, he should manage his time effectively to balance work and family life. Finally, he should be open to feedback and advice from his team and senior partners. By following these recommendations, Everson should be able to manage the challenges of his new role and become a successful Global Engagement Partner.
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Discuss how economists believe the presence of asymmetric information affects the structure of financial markets. In your discussion explain how the relative importance of direct compared to indirect finance varies for households and for both small and large firms. Also describe how direct and indirect financial markets act to try and reduce problems caused by information asymmetry.
Answer:
Economists recognize that the presence of asymmetric information significantly influences the structure of financial markets. Asymmetric information refers to a situation where one party in a transaction has more information than the other, creating an imbalance that can lead to adverse selection and moral hazards.
For households, direct finance, such as personal loans and mortgages, is more prevalent. In contrast, small firms face challenges in accessing direct finance due to information asymmetry. As a result, they rely on indirect finance, which involves intermediaries like banks and venture capitalists who assess the creditworthiness and risk profiles of small firms.
Large firms have better access to both direct and indirect finance. They can issue stocks and bonds directly to investors also benefiting from well-developed financial markets and intermediaries.
To mitigate the problems arising from information asymmetry, both direct and indirect financial markets employ various mechanisms. Direct markets rely on thorough due diligence, credit assessments, and financial disclosures to reduce information asymmetry between borrowers and lenders. Financial regulations and disclosure requirements aim to enhance transparency and reduce information asymmetry in financial transactions.
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At the beginning of current year, CFAS Company issued 50,000 shares of P10 par value for P99 per share. During the year, the entity reacquired 2,000 shares at P150 per share and immediately canceled these 2,000 shares. In connection with the retirement of shares, what amount should be debited to share premium?
If the par value method is used, the amount debited to share premium would be P178,000.
In connection with the retirement of shares, the amount debited to share premium would depend on the specific accounting treatment chosen by the CFAS Company. There are two common methods for handling the retirement of shares: the par value method and the stated value method.
1. Par Value Method:
Under the par value method, when shares are retired, the amount debited to share premium is the excess of the original issue price over the par value of the shares retired.
In this case, the shares were issued at P99 per share with a par value of P10. Therefore, the share premium at the time of issuance is P99 - P10 = P89 per share.
Since 2,000 shares were retired, the amount debited to share premium would be:
P89 per share x 2,000 shares = P178,000
So, if the par value method is used, the amount debited to share premium would be P178,000.
2. Stated Value Method:
Under the stated value method, when shares are retired, the amount debited to share premium is based on a predetermined stated value per share.
However, since the problem does not provide any information regarding the stated value, it is not possible to determine the exact amount debited to share premium using this method.
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if you add an air conditioner to a home how would you estimate the cost? Who would pay for it? Would you pay for just the installation? Would you pay for the air conditioner and the installation? Would you look at comparable houses in the area with air conditioners? what would you do?
When adding an air conditioner to a home, the cost is estimated by considering the type, size and the specific needs of the home. Typically, air conditioner costs vary from $3,000 to $7,500. The cost for installation depends on several factors including the region, type of unit, and labour cost.
Most installations will cost between $500 and $7,500, depending on the complexity of the installation. Additionally, a maintenance cost is also incurred every year, which ranges between $75 to $200. These costs are a considerable investment, which makes it crucial for homeowners to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis before purchasing and installing an air conditioner. It is important to consider energy efficiency, unit size, and location of installation, among other factors, when evaluating costs and benefits. Homeowners who install a new air conditioner will generally pay for both the installation and the air conditioning unit themselves. Some states and federal programs, however, offer rebates or tax credits to homeowners who invest in energy-efficient air conditioning systems. In such cases, the government may pay for a portion of the installation costs.
Finally, some homeowners may look at comparable houses in the area with air conditioners to determine the most reasonable price range for installation and the unit itself. Ultimately, the cost for adding an air conditioner to a home will depend on several factors, which homeowners must consider carefully.
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Given you have to choose between Jeddah or Riyadh, the fixed cost for Jeddah is $400000, and the variable cost per unit is $3 while for Riyadh. Fixed cost is $350000, and the variable cost is $ 5. Which location is much better if the expected demand will be 45000 units?
A) Jeddah
B) Riyadh
C) The same
D) Not recognized
The better location between Jeddah and Riyadh for an expected demand of 45000 units is Jeddah.
To determine the better location, i.e., whether to choose between Jeddah and Riyadh, the given details of the fixed cost and variable cost per unit should be considered.
The two locations are provided with the following details:
Fixed cost for Jeddah = $400000
Fixed cost for Riyadh = $350000
Variable cost per unit for Jeddah = $3
Variable cost per unit for Riyadh = $5
Expected demand = 45000 units
Now, to find which location is better, the total cost for both the locations can be calculated.
The total cost for Jeddah is:
Total cost for Jeddah = Fixed cost + Variable cost= $400000 + ($3 * 45000)= $400000 + $135000= $535000The total cost for Riyadh is:
Total cost for Riyadh = Fixed cost + Variable cost= $350000 + ($5 * 45000)= $350000 + $225000= $575000
Therefore, the better location between Jeddah and Riyadh for an expected demand of 45000 units is Jeddah.
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Because resources are scarce, individuals are required to Select one: A. improve production but not distribution. B. make choices among alternatives. C. sacrifice production but not consumption. D. improve distribution but not production. O E. use resources inefficiently. Society's resources are often divided into broad categories. They are Select one: A. tangible commodities and intangible commodities. B. land, labour, and capital. C. goods and services. D. factors of consumption. E. population and natural resources.
Individuals are required to make choices among alternatives due to scarce resources, while society's resources are often divided into broad categories such as land, labor, and capital.
In a world of scarcity, where resources are limited and desires are unlimited, individuals are faced with the need to make choices among alternatives. This is because it is not possible to have everything one desires due to the scarcity of resources. Each individual must decide how to allocate their available resources to fulfill their needs and wants. This involves making decisions on what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom to produce. Choices must be made to prioritize certain goods or services over others, based on personal preferences and available resources.
On the other hand, society's resources are often divided into broad categories such as land, labor, and capital. These categories represent the factors of production that are used to produce goods and services. Land refers to natural resources, labor represents human effort and skills, and capital encompasses tools, machinery, and infrastructure. By dividing resources into these categories, economists can analyze the allocation and utilization of resources within an economy. This division allows for a better understanding of how different resources contribute to the production of goods and services, and how they can be managed effectively to meet the needs of society.
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4. Test questions (5 points cach(There is only one right answer to each question) 1. The intersection of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves shows: a) unemployment rate; b) economic growth rate: c) current phase of the business cycle; d) equilibrium level of real national output and equilibrium price level. 2. A reduction in indirect taxes is expected to: a) increase aggregate demand; b) increase aggregate supply: c) reduce aggregate demand, d) reduce aggregate supply. 3. Other things being equal. if export increases: a) aggregate demand increases and GDP decreases; b) aggregate demand decreases and GDP increases; c) net export increases: d) none of the above. 4. The marginal propensity to consume can be defined as the: a) change in consumption divided by the change in income; b) change in income divided by the change in consumption; c) ratio of consumption to income: d) ratio of consumption to saving. 5. If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6 and investment increases by $6 bn., the equilibrium GDP will: a) increase by $10 bn.. b) increase by $12 bn.; c) increase by $15 bn.: d) decrease by $15 bn. The money demand curve would shift to the right if: a) nominal GDP decreases; b) nominal GDP increases: c) interest rate increases; d) interest rate decreases.
1. The intersection of the aggregate demand and aggregate supply curves shows the equilibrium level of real national output and equilibrium price level.
The correct option is (d) equilibrium level of real national output and equilibrium price level.2. A reduction in indirect taxes is expected to increase aggregate demand. The correct option is (a) increase aggregate demand.3. Other things being equal, if export increases, aggregate demand increases and GDP increases. The correct option is (b) aggregate demand decreases and GDP increases. 4. The marginal propensity to consume can be defined as the change in consumption divided by the change in income. The correct option is (a) change in consumption divided by the change in income.5. If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.6 and investment increases by $6 bn., the equilibrium GDP will increase by $15 bn. The correct option is (c) increase by $15 bn. The money demand curve would shift to the right if the interest rate increases. The correct option is (c) interest rate increases. Thus, the answer to the test questions are as follows:1. (d) equilibrium level of real national output and equilibrium price level.2. (a) increase aggregate demand.3. (b) aggregate demand decreases and GDP increases. 4. (a) change in consumption divided by the change in income.5. (c) increase by $15 bn. The money demand curve would shift to the right if the interest rate increases.
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When a lessee makes periodic cash payments for an operating lease, which of the following accounts is increased?
a. Rent Expense
b. Leased Equipment
c. Capital Lease Obligation
d. Interest Expense
When a lessee makes periodic cash payments for an operating lease a. Rent Expense accounts is increased
When a lessee makes periodic cash payments for an operating lease, the account that is increased is Rent Expense. Operating leases are treated as rental agreements, and the lessee records the lease payments as Rent Expense in their income statement. The payments made for operating leases are considered operating expenses and are recognized as an expense in the period in which they are incurred.
The other options listed are not affected by cash payments for operating leases:
b. Leased Equipment: Leased Equipment is not increased because operating leases do not result in the lessee recognizing the leased asset on their balance sheet.
c. Capital Lease Obligation: Capital Lease Obligation is not relevant for operating leases as it pertains to the accounting treatment of capital leases, which are considered as a financing arrangement rather than an operating expense.
d. Interest Expense: Interest Expense is also not applicable to operating leases as there is no interest component involved. Interest expense is typically associated with financing arrangements such as capital leases or loans.
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Find the sticker price in each row of the table
Base price options Destination charge Sticket price
$19,900 $2,400 $350 $
21,540 1,260 345
32,654 4,865 338
49,842 3,861 425
2. Devin and Marlika Randolph are shopping for a new minivan with all-wheel drive. Its base price is $25,635. The options are a touch-screen DVD/TV at $650, satellite navigation at $225, a heavy-duty engine cooling wystem at $354, a trailer-tow package at $568, and a keyless entry system at $332. The destination charge is $850. What is the minivan's sticker price? Find the missing prices.
3. Betty Richard's new sedan has n $43,895.60 MSRP ineluding title and processing fees. The navigation system cost twice as much as the upgraded sound system, which included AM/FM stereo with CD/MP3 player, and 9 speakers Including the 6.5% sales tax, the total cost of her now car was $48,346,31. Find the cost of the a) upgraded sound system, and b) navigation system.
To find the sticker price of the minivan, we need to add the base price, options, and destination charge together.
Base price: $25,635
Options:
Touch-screen DVD/TV: $650
Satellite navigation: $225
Heavy-duty engine cooling system: $354
Trailer-tow package: $568
Keyless entry system: $332
Destination charge: $850
Sticker price = Base price + Options + Destination charge
Sticker price = $25,635 + $650 + $225 + $354 + $568 + $332 + $850
Sticker price = $28,614
Therefore, the minivan's sticker price is $28,614.
Let's solve for the cost of the upgraded sound system and navigation system.
Given:
Total cost of the new car, including sales tax: $48,346.31
MSRP (including title and processing fees): $43,895.60
Let the cost of the upgraded sound system be x.
The cost of the navigation system is twice the cost of the upgraded sound system, so it is 2x.
The total cost of the car can be expressed as:
Total cost = MSRP + Sales tax
Substituting the given values:
$48,346.31 = $43,895.60 + Sales tax
To find the sales tax, we subtract the MSRP from the total cost:
Sales tax = $48,346.31 - $43,895.60
Sales tax = $4,450.71
Since the sales tax is 6.5% of the total cost, we can set up the equation:
Sales tax = 0.065 * Total cost
Substituting the values and solving for the total cost:
$4,450.71 = 0.065 * Total cost
Total cost = $4,450.71 / 0.065
Total cost ≈ $68,467.85
Now we can solve for the cost of the upgraded sound system and navigation system:
Upgraded sound system = x
Navigation system = 2x
Upgraded sound system + Navigation system + MSRP = Total cost
x + 2x + $43,895.60 = $68,467.85
Combining like terms:
3x + $43,895.60 = $68,467.85
Subtracting $43,895.60 from both sides:
3x = $68,467.85 - $43,895.60
3x = $24,572.25
Dividing by 3:
x ≈ $8,190.75
Therefore, the cost of the upgraded sound system is approximately $8,190.75, and the cost of the navigation system is approximately $16,381.50.
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In an income-retirement choice diagram, indicate the effect on an individual's indifference cures and/or budget constraints, and subsequent retirement decisions, of each of the following: Retirement of one's spouse b) Illness of one's spouse c) Improvements to the health of the elderly d) Permanent displacement from a high-wage job in the steel industry to a low-wage job in the service sector e) Improvements in the leisure industry such that retirement is now relatively more attractive
The income-retirement choice diagram demonstrates how changes in factors like spouse's retirement, spouse's illness, improvements in elderly health, job displacement, and improvements in the leisure industry impact an individual's budget constraint and indifference curves.
The retirement choice diagram illustrates the impact of various factors on an individual's budget constraint and indifference curve, influencing their retirement decisions. Let's examine the effects of different factors:
1. Retirement of one's spouse: When a spouse retires, it increases the demand for retirement as individuals prefer to retire together. The budget constraint shifts inward due to the reduction in household income. However, the individual's indifference curves remain the same since their preferences for leisure and consumption goods are unaffected.
2. Illness of one's spouse: If a spouse falls ill, the demand for retirement may increase as individuals may want to be with their sick partner. The budget constraint also shifts inward due to the additional medical expenses, but the indifference curves remain unchanged as the individual's preferences for leisure and consumption goods remain the same.
3. Improvements to the health of the elderly: When the health of elderly individuals improves, it leads to an increase in the supply of labor as they can continue working. This results in an outward shift of the budget constraint since the individual has more income. However, the indifference curves remain the same since preferences for leisure and consumption goods remain unchanged.
4. Permanent displacement from a high-wage job in the steel industry to a low-wage job in the service sector: In this scenario, the budget constraint shifts inward, making the individual worse off. The individual may have to compromise on leisure time and consume fewer goods. The indifference curves will be affected as the individual's preferences change due to the change in income and available leisure time.
5. Improvements in the leisure industry making retirement more attractive: If the leisure industry improves, making retirement relatively more appealing, it increases the demand for leisure. As a result, the budget constraint shifts inward, and the individual consumes more leisure and fewer consumption goods. The indifference curves also shift inward, reflecting the change in preferences.
The retirement choice diagram helps us understand how various factors affect an individual's retirement decisions by analyzing the changes in their budget constraint and indifference curves. Factors such as the retirement of a spouse, illness of a spouse, improvements in elderly health, changes in job circumstances, and attractiveness of retirement can all influence an individual's retirement choices.
The income-retirement choice diagram demonstrates how changes in factors like spouse's retirement, spouse's illness, improvements in elderly health, job displacement, and improvements in the leisure industry impact an individual's budget constraint and indifference curves. By analyzing these effects, individuals and policymakers can better understand the dynamics of retirement decisions and their implications for an individual's consumption and leisure choices.
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Corporate regulators worldwide are:
a.
waiting to see if the SEC in the United States will allow XBRL.
b.
none of the options are correct.
c.
currently assessing whether to accept XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language).
d.
gradually moving towards mandating XBRL for corporate filings and reporting.
XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) is an open standard format that is used for exchanging business information. The correct option among the given option is that corporate regulators worldwide are gradually moving towards mandating XBRL for corporate filings and reporting. Hence, the short answer is option d.
XBRL offers an efficient and precise way to access and analyze financial data that is delivered via the Internet. Corporate regulators are the agencies or entities that oversee and regulate corporations and businesses, ensuring that they adhere to legal requirements. The regulators in each country have specific laws and regulations that they enforce to ensure the accuracy and transparency of corporate financial information.
In recent years, corporate regulators worldwide have been gradually moving towards mandating the use of XBRL for corporate filings and reporting. XBRL makes the process of reporting and analyzing financial data more efficient, transparent, and less expensive. With the global adoption of XBRL, investors and stakeholders have access to standardized financial data that they can compare across companies.
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Please don't answer this question because the pictures are not good. I will repost this.
I have part A done and need help with part B. I keep getting the error shown in the attachment. Please show me how to fix this problem and to get the correct table.
Sunblessed Juice Company sells bags of oranges and cartons of orange juice. Sunblessed grades oranges on a scale of 1 (poor) to 10 (excellent). At present, Sunblessed has 100,000 pounds of grade 9 oranges and 120,000 pounds of grade 6 oranges on hand. The average quality of oranges sold in bags must be at least 7, and the average quality of the oranges used to produce orange juice must be at least 8. Each pound of oranges that is used for juice yields a revenue of $1.50 and incurs a variable cost (consisting of labor costs, variable overhead costs, inventory costs, and so on) of $1.05. Each pound of oranges sold in bags yields a revenue of $1.50 and incurs a variable cost of $0.70.
Determine how Sunblessed can maximize its profit.
Use SolverTable to determine how a change in the cost per bag of oranges changes the optimal solution.
Use SolverTable to determine how a change in the amount of grade 9 oranges available affects the optimal solution.
Use SolverTable to determine how a change in the required average quality required for juice changes the optimal solution.
Sunblessed Juice Company can maximize its profit by selling 90,000 pounds of grade 9 oranges in bags, using 10,000 pounds of grade 9 oranges and 120,000 pounds of grade 6 oranges for juice, and producing 190,000 cartons of juice. The total profit is $187,200.
To determine how a change in the cost per bag of oranges affects the optimal solution, SolverTable can be used with the cost per bag of oranges as the changing cell.
As the cost per bag of oranges increases, the total profit decreases and the optimal solution changes.
To determine how a change in the amount of grade 9 oranges available affects the optimal solution, SolverTable can be used with the amount of grade 9 oranges available as the changing cell.
As the amount of grade 9 oranges available increases, the total profit increases initially and then levels off.
To determine how a change in the required average quality required for juice changes the optimal solution, SolverTable can be used with the required average quality as the changing cell.
As the required average quality for juice increases, the total profit decreases and the optimal solution changes.
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Probability is an important concept for researchers primarily because
a. it is used to evaluate data collected from samples
b. most research involves flipping coins and pulling aces out of a deck of cards
c. it is used to prove a study's research hypotheses
d. it is used to develop statistical hypotheses such as the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis
Probability is an important concept for researchers primarily because it is used to evaluate data collected from samples. This is the correct option among the provided options.
Probability is a crucial aspect of research because it enables the scientist to know how likely an event is to occur. In some cases, probability may be used to assess how likely it is that the observed data arises from a particular statistical model or set of assumptions (e.g., the null hypothesis).
Probability is frequently employed to calculate sampling error and construct confidence intervals, which are crucial for assessing the accuracy of statistical estimates of population parameters based on sample data. It is frequently used to determine whether observed differences between treatment groups or correlations between variables are significant.
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.Solar Energy Inc. issued a $911,000, 5.0%, five-year bond on October 1, 2020. Interest is paid annually each October 1. Solar’s year-end is December 31.
Period Ending Cash
Interest
Paid Period
Interest
Expense Discount
Amort. Unamortized
Discount Carrying
Value
Oct. 1/20 $ 38,375 $ 872,625
Oct. 1/21 $ 45,550 $ 52,358 $ 6,808 31,567 879,433
Oct. 1/22 45,550 52,766 7,216 24,351 886,649
Oct. 1/23 45,550 53,199 7,649 16,702 894,298
Oct. 1/24 45,550 53,658 8,108 8,594 902,406
Oct. 1/25 45,550 54,144 8,594 0 911,000
$ 227,750 $ 266,125 $ 38,375
Assume that interest has already been paid on October 1, 2023.
Required:
Using the amortization schedule provided above, record the entry to retire the bonds on October 1, 2023, for cash of:
A. $886,500
B. $894,298
C. $897,900
Option C, $897,900, is the correct choice. To determine the entry to retire the bonds on October 1, 2023, for cash, we need to consider the unamortized discount, which represents the remaining balance of the discount that has not been amortized.
Based on the given information, the unamortized discount on October 1, 2023, is $16,702. When retiring the bonds, we need to account for the cash payment and remove the liability from the books. The correct entry would be:
Debit: Bonds Payable ($911,000) - the principal amount of the bonds
Debit: Discount on Bonds Payable ($16,702) - the remaining unamortized discount
Credit: Cash (amount paid to retire the bonds)
Therefore, the correct entry to retire the bonds on October 1, 2023, for cash of $897,900 (option C) would be:
Debit: Bonds Payable $911,000
Debit: Discount on Bonds Payable $16,702
Credit: Cash $897,900
Option C, $897,900, is the correct choice for recording the entry to retire the bonds on October 1, 2023, for cash.
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Culver Company has developed the following standard costs for its product for 2022:
CULVERCOMPANY
Standard Cost Card
Product A Cost Component Standard Quantity
×
Standard Price
=
Standard Cost
Direct materials
4 pounds
$3
$12
Direct labor
3 hours
8
24
Manufacturing overhead
3 hours
4
12
$48
The company expected to produce 31,900 units of Product A in 2022 using 95,700 direct labor hours.
Actual results for 2022 are as follows: • 32,800 units of Product A were produced. • Actual direct labor costs were $792,940 for 96,700 direct labor hours worked. • Actual direct materials purchased and used during the year cost $372,625 for 135,500 pounds. • Actual variable overhead incurred was $165,000 and actual fixed overhead incurred was $217,000. Compute the following variances showing all computations to support your answers. Indicate whether the variances are favorable or unfavorable.
(a)
Materials Quantity Variance
$enter a dollar amount
select an option Not ApplicableUnfavorableFavorable
(b)
Total Direct Labor Variance
$enter a dollar amount
select an option Not ApplicableUnfavorableFavorable
(c)
Direct Labor Quantity Variance
$enter a dollar amount
select an option FavorableNot ApplicableUnfavorable
(d)
Direct Materials Price Variance
$enter a dollar amount
select an option FavorableNot ApplicableUnfavorable
(e)
Total Overhead Variance
$enter a dollar amount
select an option Not ApplicableFavorableUnfavorable
(a) Materials Quantity VarianceStandard price = $3Actual quantity used = 135,500 poundsStandard quantity allowed for actual output = 32,800 units × 4 pounds per unit = 131,200 poundsTherefore, Materials Quantity Variance = AQ – SQ × SP= 135,500 – 131,200 × $3= $13,100 F (Favorable)(b) Total Direct Labor VarianceActual hours worked = 96,700 hoursStandard price = $8Therefore,
Total Direct Labor Variance = (AQ × AP) – (SQ × SP)= (96,700 × $8) – (95,700 × $8.00)=$560,000 F (Favorable)(c) Direct Labor Quantity VarianceStandard price = $8Standard hours allowed for actual output = 32,800 units × 3 hours per unit = 98,400 hoursTherefore, Direct Labor Quantity Variance = AH – SH × SR= 96,700 hours – 98,400 hours × $8= $13,200 U (Unfavorable)(d) Direct Materials Price VarianceActual quantity used = 135,500 poundsActual price = $2.75Therefore, Direct Materials Price Variance = AQ × (AP – SP)= 135,500 pounds × ($2.75 – $3.00)= $11,375 U (Unfavorable)(e) Total Overhead VarianceTotal Actual Overhead Incurred = $165,000 + $217,000= $382,000Total Applied Overhead = 32,800 units × 3 hours per unit × $4 per hour= $393,600Therefore, Total Overhead Variance = Actual Overhead – Applied Overhead= $382,000 – $393,600= $11,600 U (Unfavorable)
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