Complete question:
A gene has a base sequence of GTC. Due to a mutation, the base sequence changes to GTG. Answer the following questions:
a) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, before the mutation? (1 point)
b) What are the bases of mRNA coded for by this section of DNA, after the mutation? (1 point)
c) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence before the mutation? (1 point)
d) What amino acid is coded for by this sequence after the mutation? (1 point)
e) Is this is a silent mutation or a missense mutation? Explain. (1 point)
Answer:
a) mRNA before mutation ⇒ CAG
b) mRNA after mutation ⇒ CAC
c) amino acid before mutation ⇒ Glu, Glutamine
d) amino acid after mutation ⇒ His, Histidine
e) missense mutation
Explanation:
Theoretical frame
Transcription:Transcription occurs in the nucleus where the template DNI strand is read in direction 3´→ 5´ to build the mRNA molecule in direction 5´→ 3´.
When the DNI molecule separates into two strands to form the transcription bubble, we can identify two separate segments: coding strand and template strand.
The coding strand goes in direction 5´ to 3´, while the complementary strand -template strand- grows in direction 3´ to 5´.
The template strand is the mRNA complement.
The coding strand is the same as the mRNA that results from the transcription of the same DNI segment -switching bases T for U-.
The coding strand receives that name because it is the sequence that codes for each amino acid composing the proteins.
Translation:Translation occurs in the cytoplasm. rRNA and tRNA read mRNA in the direction 5´→ 3´ to build the protein.
Genetic information for the aminoacids assembly during the protein synthesis is stored in short sequences of three nucleotides named codons in the mRNA. Each of the codons represents one of the 20 amino acids used to build the protein. There are 64 codons in total, from which 61 codify for amino acids. Because there are 20 amino acids, many codons code for the same amino acid. One of these amino acids is also the start point of protein synthesis. And the left three codons are stopping translation points.
The codons indicating the initiation or stop points during the translation process are:
• The start codon AUG is the most common sequence used by eukaryotic cells
• The end codons are UAA, UAG, UGA.
When a change occurs in a single base pair, it is known as a point mutation. Points mutations might be either silent, missense, or nonsense. In silent mutations, the resulting mRNA codon codes for the same amino acid as the unmutated sequence. However, if the mutation causes the mRNA codon to code for a different amino acid, this mutation is a missense mutation. Finally, if the mutation causes mRNA codon to be a stop codon, we are referring to a nonsense mutation.
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In the exposed example,
Before mutation
Original DNI base sequence ⇒ GTC ⇒ Guanine, Timine, CytokineTranscripted mRNA sequence ⇒ CAG ⇒ Cytokine, Adenine, GuanineAmino acid ⇒ Gln ⇒ GlutamineAfter mutation
Mutated DNI base sequence ⇒ GTG ⇒ Guanine, Timine, GuanineTranscripted mRNA sequence ⇒ CAC ⇒ Cytokine, Adenine, CytokineAmino acid ⇒ His ⇒ HistidineThis is a point mutation, in which the change occurs in a single base pair. The mutation made the mRNA codon code for a different amino acid, meaning that this is a missense mutation.
Before mutation, the mRNA codon is CAG and codes for Glutamine.After mutation, the mRNA codon is CAC and codes for Histidine.what do you mean by acrophobia and ephebiphobia?
Answer:
Acrophobia ------- intense fear of heights
Ephebiphobia -----the fear of youth
Answer:
Acrophobia means extreme or irrational fear of height .Ephebiphobia is the fear of youthhope your day goes great.
answer these two please
ASAP
Identify the error in the following statement: “Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells, where light energy is used to convert glucose and water into carbon dioxide and oxygen.”
A. “glucose” and “carbon dioxide” should be switched
B. No errors
C. “water” and “oxygen” should be switched
D. “chloroplasts” should be “mitochondria”
Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that takes place in the chloroplasts of green plant cells, where light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Option A is the right answer.
What is photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants prepare their own nutrients with the help of sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis helps plants to prepare their own food, these plans are called autographs.Photosynthesis takes place inside the protoplast.This process takes place in some other organisms other than green plants.Chlorophyll is the green pigment that is required for this process to take place.The end products that are formed in the process of photosynthesis are glucose and water.Hence Option A is the right answer.
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The corpus callosum separates the brain into two halves. separates the brain into two halves. is a large network of neurons on the cerebral cortex. is a large network of neurons on the cerebral cortex. is a thick band of neural fibers enabling communication between the two brain hemispheres. is a thick band of neural fibers enabling communication between the two brain hemispheres. describes the hemispheres of the brain
Answer:
is a thick band of neural fibers enabling communication between the two brain hemispheres.
Explanation:
A brain can be defined as an organ of soft nerve tissue that is found in the skull of vertebrates and it's typically responsible for the coordination of nervous activities, intellect and sensation.
The human brain consists of various sections and these includes;
I. Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC) which resembles a bow or collar surrounding the frontal part of the corpus callosum. This is the frontal part of the cingulate cortex which helps to make complex cognitive functions such as impulse control, decision-making, emotions and empathy.
II. Ventral prefrontal cortex in humans are interconnected with the brain and are responsible for the processing of risk, empathy, fear and social decision-making
III. The Cerebral Cortex: this part of the brain primarily comprises of grey matter, foldable sheets of neurons and forms its outermost layer. Therefore, cerebral cortex is known as the outermost layer of the brain (cerebrum) and thus, makes up half of its weight. It is about 2.5 millimeters in thickness and as such it's able to fold.
The corpus callosum is a large, thick band of C-shaped neural fibers found beneath the cerebral cortex and it's saddled with the responsibility of enabling communication between the two brain hemispheres i.e the right hemisphere and the left hemisphere.
A genetic factor for a trait is always expressed when it is present is best described as ?
Answer:
A genetic factor for a trait that is always expressed when it is present is best described as dominant.
OAmalOHopeO
What are the three examples to justify Newton first law of motion .
can someone please help with this urgently.
you don't have to explain, just answer
Answer:
B. option A 2 daughter cells
C. option D metaphase
Answer:
Q1 B
Q2 D
Q3 D
Q4 D
Explanation:
is the presence of industry in developing nations high? what about developed nations?
Answer:
Developing countries don't have lots of industries, so it's not high
Developed nations have a wide variety of industries
Explanation:
Suppose you traveled back in time and located the first animals to have evolved feathers. You found that these animals were tree-dwelling ectotherms, able to run quickly but unable to fly. You also noticed that only males had feathers. Which hypothesis of feather evolution would these data most support? Feathers initially evolved in a role associated with ________.
Answer:
Feathers initially evolved in a role associated with sexual selection.
Explanation:
In species where only males had feathers, these feathers can be considered to have evolved into a role associated with sexual selection. This is because in these species, males used their feathers as a sexual attraction for females, in this case, females chose the males that had more attractive feathers to mate and generate new individuals for the species. An example of this can be seen in the peacock, where the tail with lush feathers is only present in males and is intended to sexually attract females.
Answer me!!!!
Read the descriptions of two experiments below.
Experiment 1: A group of students did a test to see if the
acidity of water affects the growth of pea plants. They
followed a logical method and performed their experiment
once, using a control group and experimental groups. The
results supported their hypothesis.
Experiment 2: A group of students did a test to see if the
acidity of water affects the growth of bacteria in the water,
They used a control group and experimental groups. They
repeated their experiment several times and received the
same results each time.
Which experiment is more likely to be reliable, and why?
O A. Experiment 2, because it gave the same results every time
O B. Experiment 1, because its results supported the hypothesis
O C. Experiment 1, because it followed a logical method
O D. Experiment 2, because its setup included a control group
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Because it is giving you the same results ( i just did the test and got it right)
Answer:
a.
Explanation:
just took the test
Plant
cell can be identified by the process of
A) Choloroplast
B) plasma membrana
c) cell wall
D)Mitochondria
A )i and ii (B) i and iii
(c) ii and iii (0) iv only
Explanation:
i think it is choloroplast
Write atleast 2 functions of a frontal lobe.
Name two organs that are made up of all four tissues?
Heart and lungs are the two organs that are made up of all four tissues. secretion, movement, strength, excretion and communication are the main functions of tissues.
What are tissues in human body?Tissues are the same type of group of cells which have the same structure and functions together in a unit. Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, and nerve tissue are the four fundamental forms of tissue. Other tissues are held together and supported by connective tissue bone, blood, and lymph tissues.
All body surfaces are covered in epithelial tissues, which also line bodily cavities and hollow organs and make up the majority of glandular tissue. Connective tissues are presents in the blood cells in the human body. Loose connective tissue, adipose tissue, dense fibrous connective tissue, elastic connective tissue, cartilage, osseous tissue, and blood are further more tissues in the body.
Thus, Heart and lungs are the two organs that are made up of all four tissues.
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Whch part of reproductive system produces semen
Is the Use of energy to move particles against the concentration gradient
Answer:
During active transport, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process is “active” because it requires the use of energy (usually in the form of ATP). It is the opposite of passive transport.
match each term to its definition
a steam of plasma
Answer:
The solar wind is a plasma, a stream of charged particles (ions and electrons) that are continuously escaping from the Sun into the interplanetary medium.
Which inference can you make about why finches have adapted different beak sizes and shapes? (1 point)
They are different species.
O They live in the same location.
O They eat different foods.
O They have a wide range of variation
Finches have adapted different beak sizes and shapes because they eat different foods. So the correct option is C.
What is natural selection?Natural selection is a mechanism for evolution to happen. It is the process by which living organisms acquire certain characters according to their needs.
It is important to understand natural selection to understand the essential concepts of the processes by which living organisms have been able to develop the complex structures which are helped them to survive.
Natural selection results from various conditions of environment, ecosystem and heredity. An example of natural selection is the development of antimicrobial resistance to pathogens.
Finches are known to have developed different sizes and shapes of beaks according to the kind of food that they eat. If they fed on insects, they had long and pointed beaks. If they fed on seeds and nuts, they had broad and blunt beaks.
Therefore the correct option is B.
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Vaccines are
1 point
cures for pathogens
prevent pathogen infection
used to treat a bacterial infection
100% effective
Answer:
To prevent a pathogen infection
a person has a cardiac output of 4.9L per minute. the stroke volume of each heart beat is 70 ML
that's true
stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle per beat
cardiac output is the blood pumped by ventricles per minute
What happens during S phase?
O A. Chromosomes are duplicated.
O B. DNA separates into two nuclei.
O C. The cell splits in two.
O D. Cytoplasm is manufactured.
Answer: A. Chromosomes are duplicated.
Explanation: This is the correct answer on the quiz.
Chromosomes are duplicated in S phase. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What do you mean by S phase?
Between G1 phase and G2 phase, DNA replication takes place during S phase of the cell cycle. The processes that take place during S-phase are tightly controlled and highly conserved.
The cell replicates its genetic material entirely during the S phase of DNA synthesis; At the end of S phase, a normal diploid somatic cell with a DNA complement of 2N acquires a DNA complement of 4N.
DNA synthesis or replication occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle, which occurs prior to the interphase. Before entering mitosis or meiosis, the cell's genetic material is replicated in this manner, leaving enough DNA for daughter cells to divide.
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Question 23 of 32
The diagram below represents the time a cell spends in the two main phases
of the cell cycle. In which phase does a cell spend more time?
O A. Meiosis
B. Prophase
C. Interphase
O D. Mitosis
Interphase is the answer to your question
girl is that mold on your screen?
omplete the passage to describe the function of the heart.
The pumping of the heart involves the alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart. The upper chambers of the heart are called
, and the lower chambers of the heart are called
.
Answer:
The pumping of the heart involves the alternate contraction and relaxation of the chambers of the heart. The upper chambers of the heart are called at atria and the lower chambers of the heart are called ventricles.
PLEASE NEED HELP ASAP!!! What statement is true about energy and matter in stars? Select the correct answers.
A. Some matter is converted into energy within stars.
B. Energy in stars causes the fusion of light elements.
C. All energy is converted into matter in stars.
D. Energy and matter are both conserved in stars.
E. Only energy is conserved within stars.
F. Only matter is conserved within stars.
Answer:
I think the answer is A
Explanation:
I would wait for someone else to answer though.
Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation Group of answer choices transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication. transcribes DNA to RNA. replicates DNA. transfers DNA vertically, to new cells. copies RNA to make DNA.
Answer:
it is differs from reproduction because conjunction group of answers
Conjugation transfers DNA horizontally, to nearby cells without those cells undergoing replication.
Conjugation is a mechanism of genetic transfer in bacteria where genetic material, usually in the form of plasmids, is transferred from one bacterial cell to another. Unlike reproduction, which involves the replication and inheritance of genetic material through cell division, conjugation allows bacteria to transfer genetic material horizontally between cells that are in close proximity to each other.
During conjugation, the donor bacterial cell containing the plasmid makes contact with the recipient cell through a specialized structure called a pilus. The plasmid DNA is then transferred from the donor cell to the recipient cell through this pilus. The transferred DNA can include genes that provide advantages such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize certain substances.
The key difference between conjugation and reproduction is that conjugation does not involve replication of the recipient cell's entire genome. Instead, it transfers specific genetic material from one cell to another. The recipient cell does not undergo replication as a result of conjugation but acquires new genetic information from the donor cell.
Reproduction, on the other hand, involves the replication and inheritance of the complete set of genetic material in the parent cell. It results in the production of offspring cells that are genetically identical or similar to the parent cell.
In summary, conjugation is a form of genetic transfer in bacteria where DNA is horizontally transferred between cells without those cells undergoing replication. It allows for the exchange of genetic material and the acquisition of new traits by recipient cells. Reproduction, on the other hand, involves the replication and inheritance of genetic material through cell division.
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Một các thể của một loài sinh vật khi giảm phân tạo giao tử. Trong số giao tử được sinh ra người ta nhận thấy số loại giao tử mang 2 NST có nguồn gốc từ mẹ là 6. Quá trình giảm phân diễn ra bình thường, không xảy ra trao đổi chéo.
a. Xác định bộ NST 2n của loài và tên loài.
b. Tính tỷ lệ loại giao tử nói trên?
Cho rằng tỉ lệ thụ tinh của giao tử đực và cái đều là 100%. Toàn bộ các hợp tử đều phát triển thành cá thể con.
Answer:
i cant understand
Explanation:
because your language in vietnam
A pseudogene is a Group of answer choices second copy of a gene that functions when the original copy becomes damaged. gene that is unrelated in sequence to another gene but has the same function. gene that evolved by gene duplication and the acquisition of mutations to yield a gene product that has a slightly different function from that of the original gene product. gene that arose through gene duplication, but by acquiring mutations became nonfunctional.
Answer: Gene that arose through gene duplication, but by acquiring mutations became nonfunctional.
Explanation:
A gene is a functional unit of heredity formed by DNA. They possess a sequence of nitrogenous bases that during translation is read by ribosomes to produce molecules called proteins. A pseudogene is a DNA sequence that resembles a gene, but which has been inactivated in the course of evolution by mutations in its sequence. Thus, it is a gene that derives from other known genes and whose functions are different, may have lost their functionality or have radically changed it. To this day, it is not known exactly how pseudogenes are created, however some theories are as follows:
1. A gene duplication can generate two copies of a gene when only one is needed. A mutation would then occur that deactivates one of the copies. In addition, the duplication event may not be complete, so that the copy has incomplete promoters.
2. They may be fragments of the messenger RNA transcript of a gene may be spontaneously reverse transcribed and inserted into the chromosomal DNA. They lack the promoters of normal genes, so they are not expressed normally.
3. A gene may become non-functional or inactivated if such a mutation becomes fixed in the population. This can occur by normal means such as natural selection or genetic drift.
Which is an example of genetic drift?
Answer:
Explanation:
Genetic drift, gene flow, mutations, and natural selection are responsible for the change in the gene pool over time. Example of genetic drift: a population of rabbits with alleles B and b, both alleles are present in equal frequencies p = 0.5 and q = 0.5 if 10 parents reproduce the probability of having an offspring with alleles B or b is 0.5; however, by chance, a slight difference in the offspring allele frequency might occur due to random sampling. As a result, in the next generation, the allele frequencies will change slightly to new frequencies by chance to become p = 0.4 and q = 0.6. in the following generations, the random sampling of alleles continues and the change in allele frequency will be greatly different from the initial 0.5 frequency due to genetic drift. Even though genetic drifting is one of the factors that participate in the evolutionary process of the genetic pool by increasing or decreasing a certain allele’s frequency, however, it does not influence the adaptation of individuals to the environment since the affected genes may be harmful or beneficial genes.
Resources:
Masel, J. (2011). Genetic drift. Current Biology, 21(20), R837-R838.
Kliman, R. M. (2016). Encyclopedia of evolutionary biology. Academic Press.
Maloy, S., & Hughes, K. (Eds.). (2013). Brenner’s Encyclopedia of Genetics. Academic Press.
Clark, M, A., Douglas, M., & Choi, J. (2018). Biology 2e. Openstax
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During a stay in the hospital, an accident victim develops symptoms of bacteremia. A blood sample shows the presence of Gram-positive cocci in pairs. Lab tests determine that the bacteria are non-hemolytic and bile salt tolerant. The bacteremia is likely due to
Answer:
Enterococcus.
Explanation:
Enterococcus is reason for nosocomial infection with predilection for older patients with multiple comorbidities. It is usually caused by longer stay in hospital. The infections may include urinary tract infections, wound infection and intra abdomen or pelvic infections.
what carbon compound stores energy for the cell and sometimes provides structural support
Answer:
Carbohydrates
Explanation:
Carbohydrates are a group of macromolecules that are a vital energy source for the cell, provide structural support to many organisms, and can be found on the surface of the cell as receptors or for cell recognition.
Answer:
Carbohydrates
Explanation:
An experimental herbicide kills plants by blocking the ATP synthase in thylakoids. This is most likely to: Group of answer choices Decrease the pumping of NADPH across the thylakoid membrane Increase the pH of the chloroplast stroma Decrease of flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I Decrease the concentration of ATP in the thylakoid space
Answer:
Decrease the pumping of NADPH across the thylakoid membrane
Decrease of flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I
Explanation:
Thylakoids are defined as a membrane-bound compartments located inside the chloroplasts and the cyanobacteria. Here, light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occurs.
To block the photosynthesis process, the herbicides pushes the dichlorophenyl dimethylurea to block the electron flow through the photosynthesis II and it reduces the flow of electrons from photosystem II to photosystem I. It also decreases pumping of the NADPH across the thylakoid membrane.
