Answer:
E.e. oregonesis
E.e. platensis
E.e. xanthoptica
E.e. croceater
E.e. eschscholtzii
E.e. klaubori
Explanation:
The species mentioned above are probably separate species from E.e. eschscholtzii. this separation occurred due to geographic isolation, where each group of E.e. eschscholtzii evolved creating new species. This type of speciation is called "ring species" and refers to an evolution that is capable of providing species with extremes of variation that are not intercrossed, due to geographic isolation.
What are three types of devices for measuring precipitation?
Answer:
rain gauge, snow gauge...
A positive control is a sample in an experiment that produces a known result to compare with the test sample after the same treatment. It is used to control for unknown variables and confirms that all your reagents work.
In this case, the positive control is a cell line expressing wild-type CCR5.
Which of the following do you think will be a good positive control for this experiment?
a) T Cell Helper Line
b) Macrophage cell line without CD4
c) Unedited wild type macrophage
d) Edited macrophage
Explanation:
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enters target cells by first binding to the primary receptor CD4 and then to a coreceptor, generally one of the chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 (4). CD4 binding induces structural changes in the envelope (Env) glycoprotein that form and expose the coreceptor binding site. There are two main interactions between Env and coreceptor (13, 14, 25, 50, 51): the base of the third variable loop (V3) engages the N terminus of the coreceptor, while the crown of the V3 loop that includes the highly conserved GPGR/Q arch motif binds to the extracellular loops of the coreceptor, with the second extracellular loop of the coreceptor being particularly important (16, 25, 35, 48, 62). Although some HIV-1 strains are able to use a variety of different G protein-coupled receptors to gain entry into CD4+ cell lines, the great majority of these viruses use CCR5 and/or CXCR4 as coreceptors to infect primary cells (3, 4, 10, 23, 47, 66). CCR3, GPR15, APJ, and FPRL-1 are among the most frequently used alternative coreceptors when overexpressed on cell lines (11, 26, 43, 47, 57). Rare cases of HIV-1 strains that are able to use FPRL-1 and GPR1, but not CCR5 or CXCR4, have been reported (57); however, their in vivo relevance remains unknown.
To characterize the biological processes underlying HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) transmission, we recently developed an experimental strategy that permits the identification, enumeration, and molecular cloning of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses (28, 53). This strategy, which employs single-genome amplification (SGA) and direct amplicon sequencing of HIV/SIV RNA or DNA from the plasma or infected cells, makes it possible to infer the nucleotide sequence of the viral strain(s) that initiated productive infection weeks earlier (1, 28, 29, 37, 53, 58, 67). An important prediction of this approach has been that inferred T/F viruses are fully functional and encode all proteins necessary to establish a new infection. Indeed, this prediction has been borne out in numerous studies, which have shown that T/F viral genes as well as full-length genomes are biologically active. Sets of T/F Envs have been shown to mediate efficient virus entry in single-round infection assays, and they invariably use CCR5 as a coreceptor (28, 34). Similarly, T/F infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of HIV-1, SIVmac and SIVagm all produce replication competent virus that grow to high titers in primary CD4+ T cells (22, 38, 54).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Amplification of the HIV-1 env gene. Serial plasma samples collected from an acutely infected plasma donor, ZP6248, were purchased from ZeptoMetrix. A total of seven plasma samples were collected between 12 February and 9 March 1997, and viral loads (VLs) were determined by the COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test.
Sequence analysis. All SGA amplicons were sequenced directly by cycle sequencing and dye terminator methods using an ABI 3730xl genetic analyzer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Individual sequences were assembled and edited using the Sequencher program 4.7 (Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, MI). The env sequences were aligned using CLUSTAL W (60), and manual adjustment for optimal alignment was done using MASE (20).
When one mineral scratches another, it is
1. a 1 on the Mohs scale.
2.softer than the mineral is scratches
3.harder then the mineral is scratches.
1.equally as hard as the mineral it scratches.
IF YOU WANTED TO CREATE IN A LABORATORY A ROCK THAT HAS
LARGE CRYSTALS, WHAT CONDITIONS WOULD YOU HAVE TO
CONTROL? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWER.
Answer:
air
Explanation:
i say air because conpressed molucues can be turned into a large crystal
what are the building blocks for this molecule
Answer:
All molecules are made up of tiny atoms. This happens because of the formation of bonds between the atoms, which holds them together to make a molecule.
if it works please mark me as brainliest
Name 3 parts found in a plant cell that are also found in an animal cell.
Answer:Plant cells have plasmodesmata, a cell wall, a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and plastids. Animal cells have lysosomes and centrosomes.
Explanation:The best answer
How to implement the aims of sustainable
development in schools
Answer:
Environment friendly materials are used and protect vegetation.
Explanation:
To implement the aims of sustainable development in schools we do the following things:
The teacher should provide knowledge about sustainable development to the student in order to know their importance. Use of materials in school that causes no pollution and used those materials which can be recycled. All the students must be treated same by the teacher. Protect the vegetation by implementing strict rules in the school.
Which jobs does an animal's skeletal system do?
Answer:
"The Skeletal system has three very important jobs: Support, protection, and movement. Just think, if we did not have a skeletal system for support we would be just like a blob of Jell-O. The bones also protect many organs, and also the brain."
Explanation:
Please help u have to do this today
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Both are igneous because lava/ magma form igneous rocks.
Many animals, like mice, ______ when they sense danger. run, freeze, eat, hiss.
Help! My FREEZE answer was graded CORRECT ?!
This question has already been answered twice, a lot, for both Run AND Freeze so I need to ask again!!
My cousin had this same question from another curriculum provider at a lower grade level and her correct answer was run!!!!
You'd think anything would run is common sense! But....My question depends on what curriculum is given!
MY correct answer for my question was from biology unit 3, assignment 2, Animal Behavior and Interdependencies, printed page 3, under AVOIDING CAPTURE section, video transcript, part 1, right after 1st image, sentence " Many animals will freeze up if they hear an unfamiliar sound or feel or smell an approaching predator." and THAT'S what my ody ssey question wanted as the correct answer. Wow! So my question is... who's curriculum and test wants the run answer?
Answer:
Run
hope it will help you
Please help me. <><><><><<>
Answer:
I would say D
Explanation:
A tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What is the genotype?
Use a punnett square to solve.
OTT: 2/4; Tt: 2/4;tt: 0/4
TT: 2/4; Tt: 1/4;tt: 1/4
TT: 0/4; Tt: 4/4;tt: 0/4
TT: 1/4; Tt: 2/4;tt: 1/4
Answer: TT: 1/4; Tt: 2/4;tt: 1/4
Explanation:
The Punnett square is a diagram that is used in the predictions of genotypes. In this scenario, if we have a tall plant (TT) is crossed with a short plant (tt), after using the Punnett square, the genotype that we will get are as follows:.
TT, Tt, Tt, tt
Therefore, the correct option is option D "TT: 1/4; Tt: 2/4;tt: 1/4
Answer: TT: 1/4; Tt: 2/4;tt: 1/4
Explanation:
we love anime
and naruto.
fruite baskettttt
&
demon slayyer dragon ball z for some extra
xp. uwu
Answer:
I LOVE NARUTO so here's a naruto pic
Explanation:
6. The two kinds of cells are Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. How are they
different? *
Prokaryotes have a nucleus.
Prokaryotes are plant cells.
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
There is no difference.
Answer:
Eukaryotes have a nucleus.
chemical used in afb staining
Answer:
carbol fuchsin, acid alcohol, and methylene blue.
.............
pollution in the____will have the greatest effect on human health.
Answer:
TROPOSPHERE
Explanation:
pollution the TROPOSPHERE will have the greatest effect on human health.
AZT works by interfering with HIV's production of offspring inside a host cell. It does so by interacting with a molecule called reverse transcriptase.
a. True
b.False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
AZT is an abbreviation for azidothymidine and it is the first effective drug against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thus, azidothymidine is considered to be the first anti-retroviral drug used for the prevention and treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
AZT works by interfering with HIV's production of offspring inside a host cell. It does so by interacting with a molecule called reverse transcriptase.
Basically, the shape and composition of the reverse transcriptase plays a significant role in the interaction. Therefore, this anti-retroviral drug known as AZT may not work effectively if the shape and composition of the reverse transcriptase changes.
Furthermore, the high mutation or replication rate of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) owing to its enormous genetic diversity has made it extremely difficult to develop an effective and accurate vaccine against the virus.
Hence, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) possesses a high error rate.
What type of duck only has 2 legs DONT LOOK IT UP
Answer:
dont all ducks have 2 legs?
What is the difference between genetic variation and an adaptation? Give an example for each.
Answer:
Adaptations are physical or behavioral traits that make an organism better suited to its environment. Heritable variation comes from random mutations. Random mutations are the initial cause of new heritable traits. For example, a rabbit can't choose to have a different fur color.
Explanation:
help me with this question
Answer:
D
Explanation:
ANSWER THIS ASAP!!!!!!
what impact do you think the flooding river will have on the surrounding landscape
Explanation:
erosion
lossing of fine sidement
Floods Cause Sedimentation and Erosion riverbanks and forcing them to collapse, for instance, floodwater also can change the terrain. Floodwater suspends silt within the water as it drags debris from the eroding banks, which may deteriorate the water's quality and cause toxic algae blooms.
What about floods?Floods, the foremost common sort of natural disaster, happen when an more than water submerges normally dry ground.Floods are typically caused by lengthy, intense rain, rapid snowmelt, storm surges from tropical cyclones, or tsunamis in coastal areas.Flooding often happens when heavy rain falls for an extended period of your time over a short period of time, or when a river or stream overflows due to an ice or debris trap. Flooding also can happen when a levee or other water-controlling structure, sort of a dam, fails. Loss of human life is one among the negative outcomes of flooding. Infrastructure and property destruction. Dangers of landslides, erosion, and road closures. Damage of crops and loss of livestock.The most vulnerable areas to flooding are river floodplains and coastal regions, although flooding can also happen in places with exceptionally lengthy periods of heavy rain. These have the potential to harm coastal food supplies, limit coastal production, and deteriorate aquatic habitats.Learn more about floods here:
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In 2003, scientists completed the Human Genome Project, in which they completed the mapping of the human genome. Which is one way that the
Human Genome Project, along with later mapping efforts, has affected the individual and society?
O A. Individuals may now modify their genes to prevent acquired diseases, such as bacterial infections.
O
B. Individuals may now modify their genes to alter traits such as height, eye color, and hair color.
C. Individuals may now select which genes to activate or deactivate.
D. Individuals may now have their DNA analyzed to determine ancestry.
Answer: D. Individuals may now have their DNA analyzed to determine ancestry.
Explanation:
flammability is a measure of how easily something burns. is this a physical or chemical property? explain, using an example
Answer:
chemical property
Explanation:
Wood is a flammable substance. Depending how dry it is will determine its flammability or what temperature it will burst into flame. Burning wood undergoes chemical property changes: the brown hard wood becomes a black pile of ashes.
What is the role that genes play in making proteins?
I need answers like asap plz help
I need the word scramble part only
Answer:
look it up or fail
Explanation:
What is an example of a eukaryotic cell?
Explanation:
Plant cell
Is the best example of a eukaryotic
[tex] \bf Eukaryotic \: cells : - [/tex]
They are complex and larger than the prokaryotic cells its name is drived from a Greek word meaning 'good' or 'true nuclei' they consist of the cell wall which protects and supports the plasma membrane these cells are found in all organisms except bacteria and blue green algae for example plant animal fungi etc all are eukaryotes. Amoeba is a eukaryote because it has a distinct nucleus which is bound by nuclear membrane.
Additional information :-Cell :- Smallest structural and functional unit of a living organisms.
Unicellular organisms :- The organisms made up of one cell only.
Multicellular organisms :- The organisms made up of two or more cells.
Cell wall :- The covering of cellulose outside plasma membrane also called plasma membrane.
Centriole :- The cell organelle that helps in cell division found only in animal cell.
Chloroplast :- The photosynthetic originals found in a plant cell green in colour due to the presence of chlorophyll.
Tissue :- A group of cells having the same structure performing the same function.
Nucleus :- The control centre of the cell
Please help I’ll give brainliest to whoever’s right
Answer:
This is confusing I think theres missing info. Sorry
Explanation:
How are solids and liquids alike?
They both take the shape of their containers.
They both have fixed volumes.
They both have fixed shapes.
Answer:
They both have fixed volumes!
Explanation:
Solids are non-compressible and have constant volume and constant shape.
Liquids are non-compressible and have constant volume but can change shape. A liquid’s shape is dictated by the shape of the container it is in.
Answer: i think its B because solids cant take shape of a cotaINER and They are different in that liquids have no fixed shape, and solids are rigid.
Explanation:
How many ATP are made in the kreb cycle part of cellar respiration?
Answer:
2 ATP are created in Kreb cycle
Drinking too much water during exercise can cause a condition in which the concentration of sodium in the blood is lower
than normal.
What immediate response would the blood cells have in this condition?
Cells swell as water moves into them.
Cells swell as water moves out of them.
Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
Cells shrivel as water moves into them.
Answer:
c. Cells shrivel as water moves out of them.
Explanation:
right on edge 2021
We have that the right behavior of the cell in a situation where excess water enters the cell is
Cells swell as water moves into them.
Option A
WaterGenerally Water is Good for the body, But excess of water has its own adverse effect .
Sodium wash away in the blood causes hypo tonic solution in comparison to blood cell.
Therefore, on the count of excess water entering into to the blood cells, the cells tends to rise or swell as water enters into them.
Cells swell as water moves into them.
Option A
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