Consider the sites of Gobekli Tepe and Catalhoyuk for this question. Do you think that the driving force of change in SW Asia was environmental change or social change? Why do you think people adopted agriculture in this region? Was it to deal with an environment that was constantly in flux, or was it to support a growing, more social, more culturally complex population? Note that there really isn't a "right" answer to this question, as archaeologists have been debating it for about 100 years.

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Answer 1

The sites of Gobekli Tepe and Catalhoyuk have been a topic of debate on whether the driving force of change in Southwest Asia was environmental change or social change.

As far as the adoption of agriculture is concerned in the region, it can be concluded that it was for supporting a growing, more social, more culturally complex population.Adoption of AgricultureThe adoption of agriculture in Southwest Asia was a key development that marked the transition from the Paleolithic era to the Neolithic era. The shift was prompted by changes in social and environmental factors. Archaeologists and scholars have for many years been trying to determine whether the development was necessitated by the environment or social changes.The Emergence of Social ChangeThe emergence of social change in Southwest Asia led to a change in cultural activities and the way of life for humans.

The increased population created a demand for food. Agriculture allowed for the growth of crops and an abundant supply of food, which was necessary for the growing population. The growth in population led to a shift from a simple way of life to a more complex one. It is from this shift that the construction of monumental structures such as those found in Catalhoyuk emerged.Environmental FactorsThe environmental changes that occurred in Southwest Asia during the period are not enough to warrant the adoption of agriculture. Even though there were significant changes in the environment such as drought, the people could have survived by foraging. The droughts and arid land could have led to a decline in the population, which could have necessitated a change in social structure and the adoption of agriculture

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Consider the 90Sr source and its decay chain from problem #6. You want to build a shield for this source and know that it and its daughter produce some high energy beta particles and moderate energy gamma rays. a. Use the NIST Estar database to find the CSDA range [in cm) and radiation yield for the primary beta particles in this problem assuming a copper and a lead shield. b. Based on your results in part a, explain which material is better for shielding these beta particles.

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a. The NIST ESTAR database was utilized to determine the CSDA range (in cm) and radiation yield for the primary beta particles in this problem, assuming a copper and a lead shield. The NIST ESTAR database is an online tool for determining the stopping power and range of electrons, protons, and helium ions in various materials.

For copper, the CSDA range is 0.60 cm, and the radiation yield is 0.59. For lead, the CSDA range is 1.39 cm, and the radiation yield is 0.29.

b. Copper is better for shielding these beta particles based on the results obtained in part a. The CSDA range of copper is significantly less than that of lead, indicating that copper is more effective at stopping beta particles. Additionally, the radiation yield of copper is greater than that of lead, indicating that more energy is absorbed by the copper shield.

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