Answer:
B. have a lower ionization energy
D. are metals
Explanation:
An atom can be defined as the smallest unit comprising of matter that forms all chemical elements. Thus, atoms are basically the building blocks of matters and as such determines or defines the structure of a chemical element.
Generally, atoms are typically made up of three distinct particles and these are protons, neutrons and electrons.
In Chemistry, electrons can be defined as subatomic particles that are negatively charged and as such has a magnitude of -1.
Valence electrons can be defined as the number of electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom. Valence electrons are used to determine whether an atom or group of elements found in a periodic table can bond with others. Thus, this property is typically used to determine the chemical properties of elements.
Valency can be defined as a measure of the combining power of a chemical element with other atoms to form a molecule or chemical compound.
Typically, valency is measured by the amount of hydrogen atoms that a chemical element can combine with or displace to form a molecule or chemical compound.
Ionization energy can be defined as the minimum energy required to remove or detach an electron from a neutral atom in a gaseous state.
Generally, the ionization energy of chemical elements tend to increase from left to right across a period on the periodic table. This increase is due to the fact that the atomic radius of chemical elements generally decreases across the periodic table, typically from alkali metals (group one elements such as hydrogen, lithium and sodium) to noble gases (group eight elements such as argon, helium and neon) i.e from left to the right of the periodic table. Also, the atomic radius of a chemical element increases down each group of the periodic table, typically from top to bottom (column).
This ultimately implies that, atoms with relatively large atomic radii tend to have a low electron affinity and a low ionization energy.
In conclusion, chemical elements that typically give up electrons are metals because their outermost shell contains excess electrons and have a lower ionization energy.
A scientist measures the light from a distant star
at 525 nm. The constant for Wien's
displacement law is 2.9 x 10-3 m K. What is the
approximate temperature of the star in Kelvins?
A) 1500 K
B) 180,000 K
C) 1.5 K
D) 5500 K
The approximate temperature of the star as determined is D) 5500 K.
The Wien's displacement law relates the maximum wavelength of a body to its absolute temperature. Wien's displacement law states that:
λ = [tex]\frac{b}{T}[/tex]
where λ is the maximum wavelength of the body, b is the constant of proportionality and T is the absolute temperature.
Thus from the given question, λ = 525 nm (525 x [tex]10^{-9}[/tex]), and b = 2.9 x [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] mK.
So that,
525 x [tex]10^{-9}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2.9*10^{-3} }{T}[/tex]
Make T the subject of the formula to have;
T = [tex]\frac{2.9*10^{-3} }{525*10^{-9} }[/tex]
= 5523.81
T = 5523.81 K
T ≅ 5500.00 K
The approximate temperature of the star in Kelvin is 5500 K.
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Using a fixed 20 V from the power source and three lightbulbs that have the same resistance, how would you design a circuit that would allow at least one bulb to use maximum power (have maximum brightness)?
Answer:
check photo
Explanation:
We should connect the three bulbs in parallel in order to allow at least one bulb to use maximum power.
We have a 20 V power source and three lightbulbs that have the same resistance.
We have to design a circuit that would allow at least one bulb to use maximum power.
What is the total resistance of the circuit if three resistances each of of resistance R(1), R(2) and R(3) are connected in parallel ?For parallel combination of resistances, the total resistance will be -
[tex]\frac{1}{R_{T} } =\frac{1}{R(1)} +\frac{1}{R(2)} +\frac{1}{R(3)} \\[/tex]
We know that the power dissipated by the resistance is equal to -
P = V x I = [tex]I^{2} R[/tex] = [tex]\frac{V^{2} }{R}[/tex]
Let the three bulbs be B(1), B(2) and B(3) each with resistance ' R '. In parallel combination of the bulbs, the voltage across each bulb will be same as that of power source -
V [B(1)] = V [B(2)] = V [B(3)] = 20 V
Therefore, the power used by each bulb will be -
P [B(1)] = P [B(2)] = P [B(3)] = [tex]\frac{20\times 20}{R}=\frac{400}{R}[/tex]
Whereas, in series combination the voltage drop will regularly take place after the current passes through a resistor.
Hence, we should connect the three bulbs in parallel in order to allow at least one bulb to use maximum power.
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A student project is required to be portable and hand held. It requires 6 V DC power at a current of 150 mA. The batteries for the power supply must last for a minimum of 7 hours of continuous operation. NiMH rechargeable batteries in AA size are to be used. A) How many batteries are needed
Answer:
a. 5 batteries b. 1050 mAh
Explanation:
Here is the complete question
A student project is required to be portable and hand held. It requires 6 V DC power at a current of 150 mA. The batteries for the power supply must last for a minimum of 7 hours of continuous operation. NiMH rechargeable batteries in AA size are to be used. A) How many batteries are needed? B) What mAh capacity should the batteries have?
Solution
A) How many batteries are needed?
Since the nominal voltage for a single NiMH battery is 1.2 V per battery and we require 6V DC power, we combine the batteries in series to obtain a total voltage of 6 V. The number of batteries required, n = total voltage/voltage per cell = 6V/1.2V per battery = 5 batteries
So, the number of batteries needed is 5.
B) What mAh capacity should the batteries have?
Since the batteries are in series, they would each deliver a current of 150 mA. Since we require a current of 150 mA for 7 hours, the number of milliampere-hours capacity mAh of batteries required is Q = It where I = current = 150 mA and t = time = 7 hours.
So, Q = It = 150 mA × 7 h = 1050 mAh.
So, the batteries should have a mAh of 1050 mAh
A toy car with a mass of 5.5 kg is moving horizontally over flat ground at a speed of 2.1 m/s. An unknown force then directly pushes the car for a distance of 3 meters, after which the car has a speed of 7.3 m/s. You may assume that air resistance and friction are both negligible. What was the magnitude of the unknown force
Answer:
The magnitude of the unknown force is 44.8 N.
Explanation:
The force can be found with Newton's second law:
[tex] F = ma [/tex]
Where:
m: is the mass of the toy car = 5.5 kg
a: is the acceleration
F: is the force =?
We can calculate the acceleration with the following kinematic equation:
[tex] v_{f}^{2} = v_{0}^{2} + 2ad [/tex]
Where:
[tex] v_{f} [/tex]: is the final speed = 7.3 m/s
[tex] v_{0} [/tex]: is the initial speed = 2.1 m/s
d: is the distance traveled = 3 m
Hence, the acceleration is:
[tex] a = \frac{v_{f}^{2} - v_{0}^{2}}{2d} = \frac{(7.3 m/s)^{2} - (2.1 m/s)^{2}}{2*3 m} = 8.15 m/s^{2} [/tex]
Finally, the magnitude of the force is:
[tex]F = ma = 5.5 kg*8.15 m/s^{2} = 44.8 N[/tex]
Therefore, the magnitude of the unknown force is 44.8 N.
I hope it helps you!
what are the two things that get their current from generator?
Answer:
Kinetic Generating Plants
Hydro-electric plants and wind-mills also convert energy into electricity. Instead of heat energy, they use kinetic energy, or the energy of motion. Moving wind or water (sometimes referred to as "white coal") spins a turbine, which in turn spins the rotor of a generator?
The tin can with water in its bottom is heated to boil water and the steam is allowed to escape for some time. The open mouth is sealed with an air-tight cap and cooled under tap water. The tin can get crushed, why?
Explanation:
Water does expand with heat (and contract with cooling), but the amount of expansion is pretty small. So when you boil a can filled with water and seal it, the water will contract slightly as it cools. The can may kink slightly, but that will be it. Actually, most likely the only things you will be able to see is then top and bottom will be sucked in and go concave. Just like a commercial can of beans.
Now if you have a can with a little water and a big air space, things are completely different.
As the water boils, water vapour is given off. Steam. Let it boils for a minute just to make sure (nearly) all the air is expelled and the can is filled with steam.
Now when you put the lid on and cool the can, that steam condenses back to water, and goes from filling the can to a few drops of water. The can is now filled (if that is the right word) with a near vacuum, The air pressure, 15 lbs/square inch, will be pressing on every surface of the can, with nothing inside the can to resist it.
The can will crumple before your eyes.
Câu 1. Con lắc lò xo treo thẳng đứng, dao động điều hòa với biên độ 2cm và tần số góc 20 rad/s. Chiều dài tự nhiên của lò xo là 30cm. Chiều dài nhỏ nhất và lớn nhất của lò xo trong quá trình dao động là bao nhiêu? Lấy g = 10m/s2.
Answer:
28 cm and 32 cm
Explanation:
1. The spring pendulum hangs vertically, oscillates harmonic with amplitude 2cm and angular frequency 20 rad/s. The natural length of
a spring is 30cm. What is the minimum and maximum length of the spring during the oscillation? Take g = 10m/s2.
As the amplitude is 2 cm and the natural length is 30 cm. So, it oscillates between 30 -2 = 28 cm to 30 + 2 = 32 cm.
So, the minimum length is 28 cm and the maximum length is 32 cm.
A force of 10 N is making an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Its horizontal component will be:
A. 4N
B. 5N
C. 7N
D. 8.7 N
Answer:The answer is A
Explanation:just did it on a test
5. A child rides a pony on a circular track with a radius of 5 m Find the distance traveled and the placement
after the child has gone halfway around the track (8) Does the distance traveled increase, decrease, or stay the
same when the child completes one circuit of the track? Does the displacement increase, decrease, or stay the
same? Explain. (C) Find the distance and displacement ter a complete circuit of the track
The answer are :
A. Distance = 15.71 m , The displacement = 10 m
B. distance traveled will increase, displacement will decrease
C. The distance = 31.42 m , Displacement = 0
Difference between Distance and DisplacementDistance is a scalar quantity, while displacement is a vector quantity. Displacement is the distance travelled in a specific direction.
Given that a child rides a pony on a circular track with a radius of 5 m, after the child has gone halfway around the track
(A)
The distance traveled will be = 2[tex]\pi[/tex]r / 2
The distance = πr
The distance = 22/7 x 5
The distance = 15.71 m
The displacement = 2r
The displacement = 2 x 5
The displacement = 10 m
(B) The distance traveled will increase as the child completes one circle of the track but the displacement will decrease because the displacement in one cycle of a circular motion is zero since it is a vector quantity.
(C) The distance after a complete circuit of the track = 2πr
The distance = 2 × 22/7 × 5
The distance = 31.42 m
The displacement after a complete circuit of the track will be zero.
That is;
Displacement = 0
Therefore, the distance traveled and the displacement after the child has gone halfway around the track are 15.7 m and 10 m respectively. While the distance and displacement after a complete circle of the track are 31.42 m and 0 respectively.
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In a Rutherford scattering experiment, alpha parti- cles having kinetic energy of 7.70 MeV are fired toward a gold nucleus that remains at rest during the collision. The alpha particles come as close as 29.5 fm to the gold nucleus before turning around. (a) Calculate the de Broglie wave- length for the 7.70-MeV alpha particle and compare it with the distance of closest approach, 29.5 fm. (b) Based on this comparison, why is it proper to treat the alpha particle as a particle and not as a wave in the Rutherford scattering experiment
(a) The de Broglie wavelength is approximately 5.175 × 10⁻¹⁵ meters. The wavelength is lesser than the distance of closest approach
(b) It is proper to treat the alpha particle as a particle and not as wave because the distance of closest approach is much larger than and not comparable to its wavelength for the alpha particle for the alpha particle to be treated as a wave
The given parameters are;
The kinetic energy of the alpha particles = 7.70 MeV = 1.23368 × 10⁻¹² J
The distance from the gold nucleus the alpha particles reach = 29.5 fm
(a) The de Broglie wavelength of a particle is given as follows;
[tex]\mathbf{\lambda = \dfrac{h}{p}}[/tex]
Where;
λ = The wavelength
h = Planck's constant = 6.62607004 × 10⁻³⁴ m²·kg/s
p = The momentum of the particle = Mass of an electron, m × Velocity, v
The mass of an alpha particle, m ≈ 6.645 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
Therefore;
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{m \times v}[/tex]
The kinetic energy of the alpha particle, K.E. = (1/2)·m·v²
∴ v = √(2 × K.E./m)
Therefore;
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{h}{m \times \sqrt{2 \times \dfrac{K.E.}{m} } } = \dfrac{h}{ \sqrt{2 \times m \times K.E.} }[/tex]
Plugging in the values of the variables gives;
[tex]\lambda = \dfrac{6.62607004 \times 10 ^{-34} }{ \sqrt{2 \times 6.645 \times 10 ^{-27} \times 1.23368 \times 10^{-12} } } \approx 5.175 \times 10^{-15}[/tex]
The de Broglie wavelength of the alpha particle, λ ≈ 5.175 × 10⁻¹⁵ m
The distance of closest approach = 29.5 fm = 29.5 × 10⁻¹⁵ m
Compared to the distance of closest approach, the wavelength of the alpha particle is lesser than the distance of closest approach
(b) Given that the distance of closest approach is six times larger than the wavelength of the alpha particle, and alpha particle behaving as waves are expected to approach closer to the gold nucleus in the region of their wavelength before deflection, therefore, the larger distance of closest approach is indicative of a charged particle to charged particle interaction, and therefore, particle behavior of alpha particles.
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Which of the following changes would not lead to changes in the efficiency of
a heat engine?
A. Doubling the work done while keeping the heat flow into the
engine the same
B. Doubling the heat flow into the engine while halving the work done
C. Doubling both the work done and the heat flow into the engine
D. Doubling the heat flow into the engine while keeping the work
done the same
Explanation:
B. Doubling the heat flow into the engine while halving the work done
hope this helps you
have a nice day
When 24.0 V is applied to a
capacitor, it stores 3.92 x 10-4 J of
energy. What is the capacitance?
[?] x 10!? E
[tex]\boxed{\sf E=QV^2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=\dfrac{E}{V^2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=\dfrac{3.92\times 10^{-4}}{24^2}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=\dfrac{3.92\times 10^{-4}}{576}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=0.006\times 10^{-4}C[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=6\times 10^{-1}C[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto Q=0.6C[/tex]
Now
[tex]\boxed{\sf Q=CV}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto C=\dfrac{Q}{V}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto C=\dfrac{0.6}{24}[/tex]
[tex]\\ \sf\longmapsto C=0.025F[/tex]
Note:-
SI unit of charge is Coulomb(C)SI unitvof Capacitance is Farad(F)In a simple machine the energy input is 120J if the efficiency of the machine is 80% calculate the energy output
Answer:
E_O = 96J
Explanation:
E_O = E_I*(%e/100%)
E_O = 120J*(80%/100%)
E_O = 96J
An astronaut on Pluto attaches a small brass ball to a 1.00-m length of string and makes a simple pendulum. She times 10 complete swings in a time of 257 seconds. From this measurement she calculates the acceleration due to gravity on Pluto. What is her result
Answer:
The acceleration due to gravity at Pluto is 0.0597 m/s^2.
Explanation:
Length, L = 1 m
10 oscillations in 257 seconds
Time period, T = 257/10 = 25.7 s
Let the acceleration due to gravity is g.
Use the formula of time period of simple pendulum
[tex]T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{L}{g}}\\\\25.7 = 2 \times 31.4\sqrt{\frac{1}{g}}\\\\g = 0.0597 m/s^2[/tex]
An electromagnetic wave has a frequency of 6.0 x 10^18 Hz. What is the
wavelength of the wave? Use the equation 2 = and the speed of light as 3.0
x 108 m/s.
Answer:
Wavelength = 5 * 10^{-11} meters
Explanation:
Given the following data;
Frequency = 6.0 x 10^18 Hz
Speed = 3 * 10⁸ m/s
To find the wavelength of the wave;
Mathematically, the wavelength of a wave is given by the formula;
[tex] Wavelength = \frac {speed}{frequency} [/tex]
Substituting into the formula, we have;
[tex] Wavelength = \frac {3 * 10^{8}}{6.0 x 10^{18}} [/tex]
Wavelength = 5 * 10^{-11} meters
A position of a particle moving on an x axis is given by x=7•4 + 9•2t - 2•1 t^3, with x in meters and t in seconds. what is its velocity at t=3•5s? is the velocity,or is it Continuously changing?
Answer:
The velocity at that time would be [tex](-67.975\; \rm s)[/tex]. The velocity of this particle is continuously changing.
Explanation:
Differentiate the expression for position [tex]x[/tex] with respect to time [tex]t[/tex] to find an expression for velocity.
[tex]\begin{aligned}v(t) &= \frac{d}{dt}[x(t)] \\ &= \frac{d}{dt} \left[ 7.4 + 9.2\, t - 2.1\, t^{3}\right]\\ &= 9.2 - 6.3\, t^{2}\end{aligned}[/tex].
Hence, at [tex]t = 3.5\; \rm s[/tex], velocity would be [tex]v(3.5) = 9.2 - 6.3 \times (3.5)^{2} = -67.975\; \rm m[/tex].
Since velocity [tex]v(t)[/tex] changes with time [tex]t[/tex], the velocity of this particle is continuously changing.
Which of the following is NOT a type of wave?
a.
deep-water wave
c.
shallow-water wave
b.
open wave
d.
storm surge
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
I think deep-water wave is not a wave
Explanation:
but it will be better if u wait for the second answer as I am not sure
Shallow water wave is not a type of wave. Thus, the correct option is C.
What is a Wave?A wave is a disturbance in a medium which carries energy without a net movement of particles in the medium. A wave may take the form of elastic deformation, it is a variation of pressure, electric or the magnetic intensity, electric potential, or the temperature of the medium.
Shallow water waves take place in the shallow water, this means that the waves which occur at depths that is shallower than the wavelength of the wave divided by 20. This would mean that a wave with a wavelength of about 60 meters is a shallow water wave at depth range of less than 60 divided by 20, or 3 meters.
Therefore, the correct option is C.
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A rocket blasts off. In 10.0 seconds it is at 10,000 ft, traveling at 3600 mph. Assuming the direction is up, calculate the acceleration.
Answer:
Explanation:
Givens
t = 10 seconds
vi = 0
vf = 3600 mph
a = ?
d = 10000 feet
Formula
a = (vf - vi)/t
Solution
vf = 3600 mph * 1 hr / 3600 seconds * 5280 feet / 1 mile = 5280 ft / sec
a = (5280 - 0)/10
a = 528 ft/sec^2
How does 'g' vary from place to place?
Explanation:
The acceleration g varies by about 1/2 of 1 percent with position on Earth's surface, from about 9.78 metres per second per second at the Equator to approximately 9.83 metres per second per second at the poles.
What is the importance of physics???
MAKE IT QUICK!!!
Answer:
Physics is the branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy. The subject matter of physics, distinguished from that of chemistry and biology, includes mechanics, heat, light and other radiation, sound, electricity, magnetism, and the structure of atoms. And a more detailed working definition of physics may be: The science of nature, or that which pertains to natural objects, which deals with the laws and properties of matter and the forces which act upon them. Quite often, physics concentrates upon the forces having an impact upon matter, that is, gravitation, heat, light, magnetism, electricity, and others.
Physics helps us to understand how the world around us works, from can openers, light bulbs and cell phones to muscles, lungs and brains; from paints, piccolos and pirouettes to cameras, cars and cathedrals; from earthquakes, tsunamis and hurricanes to quarks, DNA and black holes. Physics helps us to organize the universe. It deals with fundamentals, and helps us to see the connections between seemly disparate phenomena.
Physics provides quantitative and analytic skills needed for analyzing data and solving problems in the sciences, engineering and medicine, as well as in economics, finance, management, law and public policy. Physics is the basis for most modern technology, and for the tools and instruments used in scientific, engineering and medical research and development. Manufacturing is dominated by physics-based technology.
To understand the fundamental principles of the universe, physics utilizes many workings from the other natural sciences. Because of this overlap, phenomena studied in physics (conservation of energy for example) are common to all material systems. The specific ways in which they apply to energy (hence, physics) are often referred to as the "laws of physics." Because each of the other natural sciences biology, chemistry, geology, material science, medicine, engineering, and others, work with systems which adhere to the laws of physics, physics is often referred to as the "fundamental science."
Answer:
Physics can be important in understanding the world and how it works. The main goal of physics is to understand how the universe behaves.
Explanation:
briefly explain what EMF of a cell cell is
Answer:
The emf of a cell is the sum of the electric potential differences (PDs) produced by a separation of charges (electrons or ions) that can occur at each phase boundary (or interface) in the cell. The magnitude of each PD depends on the chemical nature of the two contacting phases.
Explanation:
pls mark brainliest
At the end of an investigation, you must__________ ____________. Your results may or may not support your hypothesis.
Answer:
could and largejsjisj and we look like they can get to
Hydroplaning causes your front wheels to actually leave the pavement and the wheels are riding on a thin layer of water. This lack of traction with the pavement takes away your control of the vehicle. To regain control of your vehicle you should___________.
Answer: Remove your foot from the gas pedal and slow down
Explanation:
Hydroplaning also refers to aquaplaning and this refers to the scenario whereby there's a layer of water that builds between the tyres of a car and the surface of the road which then brings about a loss of traction which eventually leads to a situation whereby the car doesn't respond to control inputs.
This lack of traction with the pavement takes away your control of the vehicle and to regain control of the vehicle, one should remove your foot from the gas pedal and slow down.
A car increase its speed steadily from 30km/hr to 60km/hr in 1 min A what is the average speed during this time
Explanation:
initial velocity(u)=30km/hr = 30*1000/60*60=8.33 m/s
final velocity(v) =60km/hr = 60*1000/60*60 =16.67 m/s
time taken(t) = 1 minutes
= 60 seconds
Now,
Average velocity = u+v/2
= 8.33 m/s + 16.67m/s÷2
=12.5 m/s
I need help asap please
Answer:
I dont know answer Sorry For that thank u
A car and a truck collide in an intersection and the merged wreck continues along. During the collision. both kinetic energy and momentum are conserved.B. neither kinetic energy not momentum is conserved.C. momentum is conserved but not kinetic energy.D. kinetic energy is conserved but not momentum.E. conservation depends upon the details of the collision.
Answer:
C. Momentum is conserved but not kinetic energy.
Explanation:
This case represents an entirely inelastic collision, that is, a collision between the car and the truck that reduces total kinetic energy of the entire system, whereas linear momentum is conserved. Hence, correct answer is C.
How many meters are in 10 miles?
Answer:
Explanation:
16093.4
The mass of a body:
(a) decreases when accelerated
(b) increases when accelerated
(c)decreases when moving with high velocity
(d)none of above
Maya and Kenzie are discussing oil spills and how they impact the environment. How can humans help reduce the impact of oil spills?
Answer:
Using physical and chemical clean up methods to remove the oil
Explanation:
Write any three importance of Measurement.
Stay Safe,Stay Healthy and Stay Happy
Please answer me this question fast, PLEASE
Explanation:
The three importance of measurement are as follows :-
measurement is used to compare the items when barter system takes place .measurement helps in weighing the foods , groceries etc .Measurement are important in laboratory when there experiments is being taken for different purposes .Hope it is helpful to you
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