Is sodium a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

Answer:

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons to itself. On the periodic table, electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across a period and decreases as you move down a group.

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See below and attached image fir answer


Explanation:
Before I go on, I want to bring up that it's not just electronegativity that is affected as you go across a period or up and down a group. Ionization energy and atomic radius also fluctuate.
Here's a diagram:
images.slideplayer.com
images.slideplayer.com
As you can see, electronegativity increases as you go across a period, while electronegativity decreases as you go down a group. However, if this is true (which it is), we can also say many other factors occur, such as:
As you go across a period from left to right, electronegativity increases, ionization energy increases, and atomic radius decreases. In order for energy to increase, radius must decrease.

As you go up and down a period, electronegativity decreases, ionization energy decreases, and atomic radius increases. In order for energy to decrease, radius must increase.

Electronegativity is the force/energy required to acquire electrons and form negative ions during chemical reactions. (definition credit: from my computers dictionary).

Ionization Energy is the complete opposite. Ionization is the force/energy required to remove electrons from an ion. These strive to make cations while electronegative ions usually involve anions (hence the phrase electronegativity).