Answer:
Any ionic molecule formed of a base and an acid, which dissolves in water to produce ions is known as a salt. The four common types of salts are:
1. NaCl or sodium chloride is the most common kind of salt known. It is also known as table salt.
2. K2Cr2O7 or potassium dichromate refers to an orange-colored salt formed of chromium, potassium, and oxygen. It is toxic to humans and is also an oxidizer, which is a fire hazard.
3. CaCl2 or calcium chloride looks like table salt due to its white color. It is broadly used to withdraw ice from roads. It is hygroscopic.
4. NaHSO4 or sodium bisulfate produces from hydrogen, sodium, oxygen, and sulfur. It is also known as dry acid. It has commercial applications like reducing the pH of swimming pools and spas and others.
2. Which one is the odd one
out and why?
o Water
• Hydrogen
Chlorine
o Aluminum
Answer:
Reaction of Chlorine with Hydrogen Chlorine and Hydrogen mixed together explodes when exposed to sunlight, which produces Hydrogen Chloride. In the dark away from sunlight, no reaction occurs, so light energy is required for a reaction. Cl2 + H2 = 2 HCl Reaction of Chlorine with Non-Metals Chlorine directly combines with most non-metals.
Explanation:
I hope this helps bro
A sample of radioactive silver contains two isotopes, 108Ag (denoted A) and 110Ag (denoted B). The second of these (B) has a half life of 24 seconds, whereas the first (A) has a half life of 2.3 minutes. If a sample contains equal numbers of each of these isotopes at the beginning of an experiment that runs for an hour, which of the following statements is correct?
A. At the end of the hour, isotope B has a greater decay constant λ than isotope A
B. At the end of the hour, isotope A has the same decay constant λ as isotope B
C. At the end of the hour, isotope A has a greater decay constant λ than isotope B
Answer:
A : At the end of the hour, isotope B has a greater decay constant λ than isotope A
Explanation:
Firstly, we need to understand that radioactive decay follows a first order rate law.
What this means is that we can calculate the radioactive decay constant using the following formula from the half-life
Mathematically;
[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] = 0.693/λ
where λ represents the radioactive decay constant.
Rearranging the equation, we can have
λ = 0.693/[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex]
Now, to have a fair level playing ground, it is best that the half-life of both isotopes are in the same unit of time(seconds)
For A, the half-life = 2.3 minutes which is same as 2.3 × 60 = 138 seconds
For B, the half-life is 24 seconds
Thus, at the end of the hour, the decay constant for isotope A will be;
λ = 0.693/138 = 0.0050 [tex]s^{-1}[/tex]
For isotope B, the decay constant will be;
λ = 0.693/24 = 0.028875 [tex]s^{-1}[/tex]
We can see that the decay constant of isotope B is higher than that of A at the end of the experiment
Determine the percent water in Cuso4.5H20 to 3 significant figures
Answer:
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance and is ontained by adding atomic mases of all the constituent atoms and group of atoms.
Atomic masses: Cu = 63.55 g/mol,
S = 32.07 g/mol
O x 4 = 16.00 g/mol x 4 = 64.00 g/mol
H = 1.008 g/mol,
So, H2O = (2*1.008+16.00)*5 = 90.10 g/mol
Molar mass of CuSO4,5H2O = 249.72 g/mol.
Out of that 249.72 grams, 90.10 grams is water,
So, percentage by mass of water in CuSO4,5H2O
= 90.10*100/249.72 = 36.08.
I think this is what you are asking. hope this helps
Write the half-reactions as they occur at each electrode and the net cell reaction for this electrochemical cell containing indium and cadmium. In(s)|
Answer:
Oxidation half equation;
3Cd(s) -------> 3Cd^2+(aq) + 6e
Reduction half equation;
2In^3+(aq) + 6e -----> 2In(s)
Explanation:
Since the reduction potentials of Indium and Cadmium are -0.34 V and - 0.40 V respectively, we can see that cadmium will be oxidized while indium will the reduced.
We arrived at this conclusion by examining the reduction potential of both species. The specie with more negative reduction potential is oxidized in the process.
Oxidation half equation;
3Cd(s) -------> 3Cd^2+(aq) + 6e
Reduction half equation;
2In^3+(aq) + 6e -----> 2In(s)
Wine goes bad soon after opening because the ethanol dissolved in it reacts with oxygen gas to form water and aqueous acetic acid , the main ingredient in vinegar. Calculate the moles of oxygen needed to produce of acetic acid. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to significant digits.
Answer:
0.500 moles of oxygen
Explanation:
Full question says: "Calculate the moles of oxygen needed to produce 0.500 moles of acetic acid.
The reaction of ethanol (C₂H₅OH) with oxygen (O₂) is:
C₂H₅OH + O₂ → CH₃COOH + H₂O
Where 1 mole of ethanol reacts per mole of oxygen to produce 1 mole of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) and 1 mole of water
Based on the chemical equation (1 mole of oxygen produce 1 mole of acetic acid; Ratio 1:1). Thus, if you want to produce 0.500 moles of acetic acid you will need:
0.500 moles of oxygenWhen methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many
The given question is incomplete.
The complete question is:
When methane is burned with oxygen, the products are carbon dioxide and water. If you produce 9 grams of water and 11 grams of carbon dioxide from 16 grams of oxygen, how many grams of methane were needed for the reaction?
Answer: 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction
Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of mass, mass can neither be created nor be destroyed. Thus the mass of products has to be equal to the mass of reactants. The number of atoms of each element has to be same on reactant and product side. Thus chemical equations are balanced.
{tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O[/tex]
Given: mass of oxygen = 16 g
Mass of carbon dioxide = 11 g
Mass of water = 9 g
Mass of products = Mass of carbon dioxide + mass of water = 11 g +9 g = 20 g
Mass or reactant = mass of methane + mass of oxygen = mass of methane + 16 g
As mass of reactants = mass of products
mass of methane + 16 g= 20 g
mass of methane = 4 g
Thus 4 grams of methane were needed for the reaction
What is the relationship between concentration and rate of reaction?
not related
directly proportional
Inversely proportional
partially related
Explanation:
The answer is directly proportional, because when there is more concentration their will more reactants to react fast diring the chemical reaction which increases the rate of chemical reaction.
So, we can state that the relationship between them are directly proportional.
Hope it helps...
What is advertising used for? Check all that apply. influencing consumer tastes tracking product popularity increasing product awareness promoting company branding gathering data about potential consumers
Answer:
influencing consumer tastes
increasing product awareness
promoting company branding
Explanation:
Advertising is basically a form of communication using creative ideas and communicating benefits of the products. Advertising plays a very crucial role in product business and some of the important uses of advertising are as follows:
Creative advertisements, influence customers or consumers to buy the product.Advertisings involve information regarding the product and so increases product awareness.Advertising on social media platforms, TVs, radio and newspapers, promotes company branding.Hence, the correct options are:
influencing consumer tastesincreasing product awarenesspromoting company branding
Answer:
1,3,4
Explanation:
I took the test
Which element always exists in monatomic form? silicon, a metalloid oxygen, a nonmetal calcium, a metal neon, a noble gas
Answer:
[tex]\huge\boxed{A \ noble \ gas}[/tex]
Explanation:
A noble gas always exists in a mono-atomic form. This is because the valency of noble gas is zero and thus they don't tend to lose, gain or share electrons. They are inert gases and do not react.
Answer:
a noble gas
Explanation:
the the noble gases exist as mono atomic elements that is helium, neon ,argon, Krypton,etc.
mono atomic elements exist as stable single atoms
How many valence electrons must two atoms share to form a single covalent bond? answers A.2 B.4 C.3 D.1
Answer:
2
Explanation:
A single covalent bond is formed when two electrons are shared between the same two atoms, one electron from each atom.
Answer:
the answer is 2
Explanation:
Compare and contrast an electrolytic cell with a voltaic cell. Provide one example where both are present in daily life.
Answer:
ELECTROLYTIC CELL
An electrochemical cell in which a non-spontaneous chemical reaction takes place when electric current is passed through the solution,is called an electrolytic cell.
EXAMPLE
Nelsons cell and Downs cell
VOLTAIC CELL OR GALVANIC CELL
The electrochemical cell in which a spontaneous chemical reaction takes place and generates electric current is called galvanic and voltaic cell.
EXAMPLE
Daniel cell
Explanation:
Electrolytic cell by the non-spontaneous reactions covert the chemical energy into electical and volataic cells are those in which spontaneous redox reaction takes place.
What is cell?Cell is a device which converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Electrolytic Cell: An electrolytic cell is an electrochemical cell in which a non-spontaneous redox chemical reaction occurs when an electric current is conducted through the solution.
Example- Electrolysis of sodium chloride, by which formation of sodium metal and chlorine gas takes place.
Voltaic cell: Voltaic cells are electrochemical cells in which a spontaneous redox chemical reaction occurs and creates electric current. These cells are also known by the name of Galvanic cells.
Example- It is used in the form of batteries which can be portable easily.
Hence, in electrolytic cells non - spontaneous reaction occur and in voltaic cell spontaneous reaction is occured.
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. You have two solutions, both with a concentration of 0.1M. Solution A contains a weak acid with a pKa of 5. ThepH of solution A is 3. Solution B contains a weak acid with a pKa of 9. The pH of solution B is:
Answer:
pH of solution B is 5
Explanation:
A weak acid, HA, is in equilibrium with water as follows:
HA(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇄ A⁻(aq) + H₃O⁺(aq)
Where Ka (10^-pKa = 1x10⁻⁹) is:
Ka = 1x10⁻⁹ = [A⁻] [H₃O⁺] / [HA]
Where concentrations of this species are equilibrium concentrations
As initial concentration of HA is 0.1M, the equilibrium concentrations of the species are:
[HA] = 0.1M - X
[A⁻] = X
[H₃O⁺] = X
Where X is the amount of HA that reacts until reach the equilibrium, X is reaction coordinate.
Replacing in Ka expression:
1x10⁻⁹ = [A⁻] [H₃O⁺] / [HA]
1x10⁻⁹ = [X] [X] / [0.1 - X]
1x10⁻¹⁰ - 1x10⁻⁹X = X²
1x10⁻¹⁰ - 1x10⁻⁹X - X² = 0
Solving for X:
X = -0.00001 → False solution, there is no negative concentrations.
X = 1x10⁻⁵ → Right solution.
As [H₃O⁺] = X
[H₃O⁺] = 1x10⁻⁵M
And pH = -log[H₃O⁺]
pH = 5
pH of solution B is 5
All of the following are examples of allotropes of carbon EXCEPT Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. diamond amorphous carbon quartz graphene all of the above
Answer:
quartz
Explanation:
The correct option would be quartz.
Allotropy is a phenomenon that describes the natural existence of the same element in different forms with different physical characteristics. Allotropes are therefore different forms of the same element.
Carbon as an element has several allotropes which include diamond, graphite, graphene, amorphous carbon, and fullerenes. Quartz is a crystalline solid that is composed of silicon dioxide and not carbon.
Hence, all the options are carbon allotropes except quartz.
g Does a reaction occur when aqueous solutions of barium hydroxide and aluminum sulfate are combined
Answer:
3BaO + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → Al₂O₃+ 3BaSO₄
Explanation:
Yes! A reactiin occurs between barium hydroxide and auminium sulphate.
barium sulfate (BaSO4) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) are the products obtained in this reaction.
The reaction is given by the equation below;
3BaO + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → Al₂O₃+ 3BaSO₄
A reaction mechanism has the following proposed elementary steps:Step 1: A → B + CStep 2: A + B → DStep 3: 2 A + D → C + EIf Step 2 is the rate-limiting step, what would the proposed rate law for this mechanism be?
Answer: [tex]Rate=k[A][B][/tex]
Explanation:
Rate law says that rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactants each raised to a stoichiometric coefficient determined experimentally called as order.
Order of the reaction is defined as the sum of the concentration of terms on which the rate of the reaction actually depends. It is the sum of the exponents of the molar concentration in the rate law expression.
For reactions which takes place in multiple steps are complex reactions and the order is given by the slowest step which is the rate limiting step.
For the given reaction, the rate limiting step is
[tex]A+B\rightarrow D[/tex]
Rate law will be , [tex]Rate=k[A][B][/tex]
A 1.00 liter flask initially contained 0.24 mol NO2 at 700 K which decomposed according to the following equation. When equilibrium was achieved, 0.14 mol NO was present. Calculate Kc. 2NO2(g) ↔ 2NO(g) + O2(g)
Answer:
[tex]Kc=0.14[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the given reaction, the equilibrium expression is:
[tex]Kc=\frac{[NO]^2[O_2]}{[NO_2]^2}[/tex]
That in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex] is written as (initial concentration of NO2 is 0.24 M for 0.24 mol in 1.00 L):
[tex]Kc=\frac{(2*x)^2(x)}{(0.24M-2*x)^2}[/tex]
Moreover, since at the equilibrium 0.14 moles of NO are present (a 0.14-M concentration), we can compute the reaction extent as shown below:
[tex][NO]=2*x=0.14M[/tex]
[tex]x=0.14M/2=0.07M[/tex]
In such a way, knowing [tex]x[/tex], we compute Kc as shown below:
[tex]Kc=\frac{(2*0.07)^2(0.07)}{(0.24M-2*0.07)^2}\\\\Kc=0.14[/tex]
Regards.
The kc is 0.14.
Equivalent expression:Since
[tex]Kc = \frac{[NO]^2[O_2]}{[NO_2]^2}\\\\[/tex]
Here the reaction extent x should be written like the initial concentration of NO2 is 0.24 M for 0.24 mol in 1.00 L.
Now
[tex]Kc = \frac{(2\times\ x)^2}{(0.24M - 2\times x)^2}[/tex]
Since at the equilibrium 0.14 moles of NO are presented so the reaction should be
NO = 2*x = 0.14m
x = 0.07
Now kc should be
[tex]= \frac{(2\times 0.07)^2 (0.07)}{(0.24M - 2\times 0.07)^2}[/tex]
= 0.14
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Determine whether the following statement about reaction rates is true or false. If the statement is false, select the reason why?
Increasing the temperature of a reaction system decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Reaction rates is a field under chemical kinetics that deals with the measure of speed of a chemical reaction. It is the change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time.
Activation Energy is a theory been put forward to explain why different chemical reactions proceed at different rates.
Activation Energy theory postulates that for a reactant to transform into a product , the colliding particles or molecules of the reactant must possess a certain amount of energy so as to overcome the reaction barrier.
An important factor which may influence the attainment of activation energy by colliding particles of reactants is the temperature at which the reaction is carried out. The higher the temperature, the greater is the fraction of the reactant particles which possess the activation energy and thus the faster the reaction becomes. SO , in essence increasing the temperature of a reaction system do not decreases the activation energy of the reaction but rather also increases the activation energy of the reaction.
Plzzz help and solve this using factor labeling
Answer:
there are 37,8541 liters in 10 gallons
If the amount of radioactive iodine-123, used to treat thyroid cancer, in a sample decreases from 3.2 to 0.4 mg in 39.6 h, what is the half-life of iodine-123?
Answer:
Half life = 13.197 hour
Explanation:
Given:
Old amount (A₀) = 3.2
New amount (A) = 0.4
Radiation decay time (t) = 39.6 hour
Half life = T(1/2)
Find:
Half life = T(1/2) = T
Computation:
A = A₀[tex]e^{-(\frac{0.693t}{T} )}[/tex]
[tex]e^{-(\frac{0.693t}{T} )}[/tex] = 0.4 / 3.2
-[27.4428 / T] = In (0.125)
-[27.4428 / T] = -2.0794
[27.4428 / T] = 2.0794
T = 13.197
Half life = 13.197 hour
Will a precipitate (ppt) form when 300. mL of 2.0 × 10 –5 M AgNO 3 are added to 200. mL of 2.5 × 10 –9 M NaI? Answer yes or no, and identify the precipitate if there is one
Answer:
A precipitate will form, AgI
Explanation:
When Ag⁺ and I⁻ ions are in an aqueous media, AgI(s), a precipitate, is produced or not based on its Ksp expression:
Ksp = 8.3x10⁻¹⁷ = [Ag⁺] [I⁻]
Where the concentrations of the ions are the concentrations in equilibrium
For actual concentrations of a solution, you can define Q, reaction quotient, as:
Q = [Ag⁺] [I⁻]
If Q > Ksp, the ions will react producing BaCO₃, if not, no precipitate will form.
Actual concentrations of Ag⁺ and I⁻ are:
[Ag⁺] = [AgNO₃] = 2.0x10⁻⁵ × (300mL / 500.0mL) = 1.2x10⁻⁵M
[I⁻] = [NaI] = 2.5x10⁻⁹ × (200mL / 500.0mL) = 1.0x10⁻⁹M
500.0mL is the volume of the mixture of the solutions
Replacing in Q expression:
Q = [Ag⁺] [I⁻]
Q = [1.2x10⁻⁵M] [1.0x10⁻⁹M]
Q = 1.2x10⁻¹⁴
As Q > Ksp
A precipitate will form, AgIWhat is the oxidizing agent in the redox reaction represented by the following cell notation? Ni(s) | Ni2+(aq) || Ag+(aq) | Ag(s)
Answer:
Silver.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, for the redox reaction:
[tex]Ni^0(s)+Ag^+(aq)\rightarrow Ni^{2+}+Ag^0(s)[/tex]
We can see the nickel is being oxidized as its oxidation state increases from 0 to 2+ whereas the oxidation state of silver decreases from +1 to 0, it means that the oxidizing agent is silver and the reducing agent is nickel.
Best regards.
The oxidizing agent in the redox reaction represented by the following cell notation is Silver.
Calculation of the oxidizing agent:The redox reaction is
Ni(s) | Ni2+(aq) || Ag+(aq) | Ag(s)
here the nickel is being oxidized since its oxidation state rises from 0 to 2+ while on the other hand, the oxidation state of silver is reduced from +1 to 0, it means that the oxidizing agent is silver and the reducing agent is nickel.
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Which option draws the correct conclusion from the following case study?
A patient with sickle-cell anemia and a fever goes to the emergency room and is given Tylenol to reduce
the fever. The patient has seizures and dies after taking the Tylenol. The physician writes up this case as
an interesting outcome for a patient with sickle-cell anemia.
The case study's validity is obvious because it describes a real-life situation.
The case study was influenced by bias, and led to incorrect conclusions being drawn
The case study was not intended to produce a generalized conclusion about treatment
Upon reading this case study, physicians should stop treating sickle cell patients with fevers using Tylenol
Answer:
I believe the answer The case study was influenced by bias, and led to incorrect conclusions being drawn. plz correct me if I am wrong
Explanation:
Answer: options B
Explanation:
A student ran the following reaction in the laboratory at 242 K: 2NOBr(g) 2NO(g) Br2(g) When she introduced 0.143 moles of NOBr(g) into a 1.00 liter container, she found the equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) to be 0.108 M. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kc, she obtained for this reaction. Kc
Answer:
1.84 × 10⁻³
Explanation:
Step 1: Write the balanced equation
2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)
Step 2: Calculate the initial concentration of NOBr
0.143 moles of NOBr(g) are introduced into a 1.00 liter container. The molarity is:
M = 0.143 mol / 1.00 L = 0.143 M
Step 3: Make an ICE chart
2 NOBr(g) ⇄ 2 NO(g) + Br₂(g)
I 0.143 0 0
C -2x +2x +x
E 0.143-2x 2x x
Step 4: Find the value of x
The equilibrium concentration of NOBr(g) was 0.108 M. Then,
0.143-2x = 0.108
x = 0.0175
Step 5: Calculate the concentrations at equilibrium
[NOBr] = 0.108 M
[NO] = 2x = 0.0350 M
[Br₂] = x = 0.0175 M
Step 6: Calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc)
Kc = [0.0350]² × [0.0175] / [0.108]²
Kc = 1.84 × 10⁻³
One hundred fifty joules of heat are removed from a heat reservoir at a temperature of 150 K. What is the entropy change of the reservoir (in J/K)?
Answer:
ΔS surrounding (entropy change of the reservoir) = -1 J/K
Explanation:
Given:
Change in heat (ΔH) = 150 joules
Temperature (T) = 150 K
Find:
ΔS surrounding (entropy change of the reservoir)
Computation:
ΔS surrounding (entropy change of the reservoir) = - ΔH / T
ΔS surrounding (entropy change of the reservoir) = - 150 / 150
ΔS surrounding (entropy change of the reservoir) = -1 J/K
In which pair do both compounds exhibit predominantly ionic bonding? A) KCl and CO2 B) SO2 and BaF2 C) F2 and N2O D) N2O3 and Rb2O E) NaF and SrO
Answer:
E) NaF and SrO
Explanation:
The ionic bonding occurs between atoms with a great difference in electronegativity. This usually happens between a metal and a non-metal.
In which pair do both compounds exhibit predominantly ionic bonding?
A) KCl and CO₂. NO. C and O are non-metals and present covalent bonding.
B) SO₂ and BaF₂. NO. S and O are non-metals and present covalent bonding.
C) F₂ and N₂O. NO. Both compounds contain non-metals and present covalent bonding.
D) N₂O₃ and Rb₂O. NO. N and O are non-metals and present covalent bonding.
E) NaF and SrO. YES. Na and Sr are metals while F and O are non-metals.
The second law of thermodynamics predicts that heat flow from a cooler object to a hotter object:________
a) will be spontaneous at high pressure
b) will be spontaneous at low pressure
c) will never be spontaneous at any pressure
d) will always be spontaneous
Answer:
c) will never be spontaneous at any pressure.
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we need to remember that the second law of thermodynamics states that heat flow is transferred from a hot object to a cold object only, never the other way around, therefore, the answer is c) will never be spontaneous at any pressure. This is supported by driving force that in this case is the temperature difference which must be negative for the hot object (it gets eventually cold) and positive for the cold object (it gets eventually hot) until they reach the equilibrium temperature.
Best regards.
How many equivalent resonance structures can be drawn for the molecule of SO3 without having to violate the octet rule on the sulfur atom
Answer:
3
Explanation:
Resonance is a valence bond concept put forward by Linus Pauling to explain the fact that the observed properties of a molecule may be as a result of the fact that its actual structure lie somewhere between a given number of structural extremes called canonical structures or resonance structures.
There are three resonance structures for SO3 that obey the octet rule. All the S-O bonds in SO3 are equivalent in these resonance structures.
Seven equivalent resonance structures for the molecular of SO3 can be drawn without breaking the octet rule.
We can arrive at this answer because:
The octet rule is a rule that states that an atom must reach stability when it has eight electrons in the valence layer.This means that in bonds that cause the donation or sharing of electrons between atoms, each atom has eight electrons in the valence layer.In chemistry, resonance is a term that refers to structures created to represent the donation or sharing of electrons between the atoms of a molecule.These structures can be arranged in different ways, as long as they respect the octet rule.In an SO3 molecule, electrons are shared between atoms. This sharing can be done with seven resonance structures.
These structures are shown in the figure below.
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We discussed the different types of intermolecular forces in this lesson, which can affect the boiling point of a substance.
1. Which of these has the highest boiling point?
A) Ar
B) Kr
C) Xe
D) Ne
2. Which substance has the highest boiling point?
A) CH4
B) He
C) HF
D) Cl2
Answer:
1, C, Xe 2, B,He
Explanation:
1, cause as u go down a group the boiling point increases.
2, boiling point of single element is greater than a compound
According to periodic trends in periodic table boiling point increases down the group and hence Xe has highest boiling point and more amount of heat is required to boil an element hence He has highest boiling point.
What is periodic table?
Periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements in the form of a table. In the periodic table, elements are arranged according to the modern periodic law which states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
It is called as periodic because properties repeat after regular intervals of atomic numbers . It is a tabular arrangement consisting of seven horizontal rows called periods and eighteen vertical columns called groups.
Elements present in the same group have same number of valence electrons and hence have similar properties while elements present in the same period show gradual variation in properties due to addition of one electron for each successive element in a period.
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A sample of carbon dioxide gas has a density of g/L at a pressure of 0.889 atm and a temperature of 55.0 °C. Assume ideal behavior,occupies a volume of 686 mL. If the gas is heated at constant pressure until its volume is 913 mL, the temperature of the gas sample will be:_______ ? °C.
Answer:
163.5 °C
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
Initial volume (V1) = 686 mL.
Initial temperature (T1) = 55 °C.
Final volume (V2) = 913 mL
Initial pressure (P1) = final pressure (P2) = 0.889 atm
Final temperature (T2) =.?
Next, we shall convert celsius temperature to Kelvin temperature.
This can be done as shown below:
Temperature (K) = Temperature (°C) + 273
T(K) = T (°C) + 273
Initial temperature (T1) = 55 °C.
Initial temperature (T1) = 55 °C + 273
Initial temperature (T1) = 328 K
Next, we shall determine the new temperature of the gas.
Since the pressure is constant, we shall determine the new temperature as follow:
V1/T1 = V2 /T2
Initial volume (V1) = 686 mL.
Final volume (V2) = 913 mL
Initial temperature (T1) = 328 K
Final temperature (T2) =.?
V1/T1 = V2 /T2
686/328 = 913/T2
Cross multiply
686 x T2 = 328 x 913
Divide both side by 686
T2 = (328 x 913)/686
T2 = 436.5 K
Finally, we shall convert Kelvin temperature to celsius temperature.
This can be done as shown below:
Temperature (°C) = Temperature (K) – 273
T (°C) = T(K) – 273
T(K) = 436.5 K
T (°C) = 436.5 – 273
T (°C) = 163.5 °C
Therefore, the temperature of the gas sample is 163.5 °C.
An enzyme is discovered that catalyzes the chemical reaction:SAD -------->HAPPY
<-------A team of motivated researchers sets out to study the enzyme which they call Happyase. They find that the Kcat for happyase is 600s-1. They carry out several experiments. When [Et]=20 nM and [SAD]=40 \mu M, the reaction velocity, Vo is 9.6 \mu Ms^{-1} . Calculate the Km for the substrate SAD.
Answer: Km = 10μM
Explanation: Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) measures the affinity a enzyme has to its substrate, so it can be known how well an enzyme is suited to the substrate being used. To determine Km another value associated to an eznyme is important: Turnover number (Kcat), which is the number of time an enzyme site converts substrate into product per unit time.
Enzyme veolcity is calculated as:
[tex]V_{0} = \frac{E_{t}.K_{cat}.[substrate]}{K_{m}+[substrate]}[/tex]
where Et is concentration of enzyme catalitic sites and has to have the same unit as velocity of enzyme, so Et = 20nM = 0.02μM;
To calculate Km:
[tex]V_{0}*K_{m} + V_{0}*[substrate] = E_{t}.K_{cat}.[substrate][/tex]
[tex]K_{m} = \frac{E_{t}.K_{cat}.[substrate]-V_{0}*[substrate]}{V_{0}}[/tex]
[tex]K_{m} = \frac{0.02*600*40-9.6*40}{9.6}[/tex]
Km = 10μM
The Michaelis-Menten for the substrate SAD is 10μM.
