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Federalism is a form of federal government in which two levels of authority share control over the same territory.

The federal government of the United States is the name for the country's overall administration. This federal republic, which is based primarily in North America, consists of 50 states, the city of Washington in the District of Columbia, one city inside a federal district, five significant self-governing territories, and a number of island possessions. Washington, or simply the federal government, is the collective name for the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of the federal government, each of which has particular powers granted by the US government. interpretations of the Constitution by Congress, the President, and federal courts. The duties and powers of these organizations are further defined by acts of Congress, such as the creation of executive departments and courts beneath the Supreme Court.

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In Gitlow V. New York, New York argued that the First Amendment does not stop the government when it punishes political discourse which is directly supporting its violent overthrow.

The case, Gitlow V. New York was a decision made by the United States Supreme Court in which the Fourteenth Amendment in the constitution extended to the First amendment. It included the protection of freedom of speech and freedom of the press.

The case was born as a result of the conviction under the New York state law of Benjamin Gitlow. Gitlow's lawyers argued that he cannot be convicted because there was nothing mentioned about it in the constitution. It was then that New York argued that it did not have the authority to restrict those actions or punish him for his political activism.

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In other U.S. elections, applicants are elected directly by way of the vote.

But the president and vice president are not elected directly with the aid of residents. instead, they're chosen via “electors” through a procedure called the Electoral university.

The process of the use of electors comes from the charter.

single-member district, winner-take-all electoral machine - the system of election used in the America in all country-wide and country elections and in maximum neighborhood elections; officers are elected from districts which are served by means of simplest one legislator, and a candidate have to win a plurality--the most votes.

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The election commission has the authority to grant political parties symbols. It recognizes the regional, state, and national political parties. It restricts election spending. The commission periodically updates the voter's list and creates electoral rolls.

A formal process of communal decision-making, an election is how a population choose a person or people to hold public office. Since the 17th century, elections have been the primary means of governing in contemporary representative democracies. Elections may be held to fill legislative positions as well as occasionally executive and judicial as well as regional and local positions. Numerous other private and commercial organizations, including corporations, clubs, and nonprofit organizations, also use this procedure.

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Players replaced by the libero should be slashed on the control sheet is a false statement.

volleyball:  The libero, a member on each team who is a defensive specialist, was made possible by one alteration. The libero doesn't get to serve or move to the front of the line and has a different color uniform than the rest of the team.

The libero is frequently the finest defensive player on the team and is utilized as a second defensive specialist because those rules prohibit hitting and setting at the position. This is because of size and the area that encloses the position.

The libero position was designed exclusively as a defensive position with the goal of sustaining rallies through improved digging and better passing. They were not to be a part of almost any offense.

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Most presidential contenders participate in a number of state primaries and caucuses prior to the general election.

The way the primaries and caucuses are conducted differs, they both have the same function. The major political parties' nominees for the general election were left up to the states' discretion.

A group of members of the US Congress who get together to work toward similar legislative goals is known as a caucus. Caucuses are officially established as congressional member organizations (CMOs) by the US House of Representatives and are governed by its rules.

A gathering of supporters or members of a certain political party or movement is known as a caucus. The precise term varies depending on the nation and political system.

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The early work on feminist activism which in the United States, via the women's suffrage movement began in 1848, with the country's first women's rights conference recording a lot of victories against sexual violence and antislavery.

After being denied the opportunity to speak at an anti-slavery conference, Americans Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott rallied hundreds of people at Seneca Falls, New York.

Though the Temperance Movement had previously begun in America, the Inaugural Wave of Feminism, often known as the Suffragette Movement, began on July 19-20, 1848, during the first Women's Right Convention in Seneca Falls, New York.

The feminist movement influenced Western civilization by achieving women's suffrage, more access to education, more equitable pay with men, the freedom to commence divorce procedures, and the right of women to make individual pregnancy decisions (including access to contraception and abortion).

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Government consumption, transfer payments, and interest payments make up the three main categories of government spending or expenditure.

All government purchases, investments, and transfer payments are all considered to be government spending. Government final consumption expenditure is defined in national income accounting as the cost of goods and services purchased by governments for immediate consumption in order to meet the immediate individual or group needs of the community. Government investment is defined as the purchase of goods and services by the government with the intention of generating benefits in the future. Together, these two categories of Government spending—on final consumption and gross capital formation—make up one of the main parts of the GDP.

Taxes, customs duties, the sale or leasing of natural resources, government borrowing, and a variety of fees, such as license or entrance fees for national parks, can all be used to pay for government spending.

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A "influx of whites toward Harlem after sunset, crowding the little cabarets and taverns where formerly only colored people laughed and sang" was brought about by the club.

Hughes also talked on how the Cotton Club's competitiveness pushed many of the nearby cabarets, particularly black cabarets, to close.

Throughout the Prohibition Era in the 1920s and 1930s, The Cotton Club was Harlem's top nightclub. Count Basie, Ella Fitzgerald, Fats Waller, Louis Armstrong, Dizzy Gillespie, Nat King Cole, Billie Holiday, and Ethel Waters were among the many legendary African American performers that performed at the club during that time.

Given that it coincided with the Marcus Garvey movement, W. The Cotton Club of the late 1920s and early 1930s helped to define the growth of African-American culture during the time. The Pan African Movement of E. B. DuBois and the Harlem Renaissance in African American literature are two examples.

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The advantage of Protestant reformation was that it bought more clarity on the topic of salvation by faith and the disadvantage was that it separated Christianity.

Protestant Reformation was led by several protestants who were against church and had different views regarding Christianity. Protestant reformation had its own advantages and disadvantages. The advantages include:

The disadvantages of Protestant Revolution include:

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When stated by the U.S. Bureau of the Census that the poverty rate in the United States during 2008 was 13.2 %, this means that in the United States, the average income is 13.2% lower than it was in 2007. Poverty is defined as an income of 13.2% or less of the median income. 13.2% of the labor force wants to work but cannot find work.

The poverty rate is the ratio of the number of persons (in a specific age group) whose income falls below the poverty line divided by half the whole population's median household income.

Understanding the distinctions between poverty indicators is critical because they determine the number of individuals who may be eligible for benefits and assist policymakers in their attempts to give economic relief.

Poverty is defined by more than a lack of money and productive resources to assure long-term livelihoods. Hunger and malnutrition are some of its expressions, as are restricted access to education and other essential services, social prejudice and marginalization, and a lack of involvement in decision-making.

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In presidential primaries public voting occurs when participants meet in a public space to argue for or against a particular candidate. Whoever has the most supporters at the end of the race wins.

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All matters, including federal expenditures, taxes, foreign relations, court appointments, and so forth, are viewed through the prism of ideological interest groups.

Ideology, according to sociologists, is "cultural belief systems that support specific social structures, including patterns of inequality." These sets of cultural values and practices are used by dominant groups to support the systems of inequality that uphold their group's social dominance over non-dominant groups.

A group that uses a variety of advocacy techniques to sway public opinion and/or policy is known as an interest group or an advocacy group. Another term for an interest group is: educated society. Group of people with a shared area of expertise or special interest. college community.

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The Supreme Court's most prominent power is judicial review. Judicial review affect the US power in ensuring that agencies recognize the limits of their powers.

The Supreme Court plays a vital role in constitutional political system. First, as the country's highest court, it is the court of last resort for those seeking justice. Second, because it has judicial review powers. Third, protect civil rights and liberties by abolishing laws that violate the constitution.

Finally, it sets appropriate limits on democratic government by preventing the unpopular majority from passing laws.

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Property, sales, and income taxes are the three main types of taxes that state and local governments collect. Most of the total state tax revenue comes from income and sales taxes.

For local governments, including school districts, property taxes are the main source of tax revenue.

A portion of the money that counties, townships, cities, and states receive comes from licenses, fees, and state-run companies, but taxes make up nearly half of all state income. Federal grants and lotteries in some states are two more sources of revenue.

income from other governments.

Real estate taxes.

utility profits.

Revenue taxes.

Bonds.

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In 2012, 30-49 Year Old's had the highest rate of turnout overall.

The Bipartisan Policy Center reported that 57.5 percent of the voting-age population (VAP) turned out to vote in 2012, which they argue was a decrease from 2008. They estimate that in 2000, 54.2% of eligible voters participated; in 2004, 60.4%; in 2008, 62.3%; and in 2012, 57.5%.

In 2012, the turnout rates for eligible white and black voters were 64.1% and 66.2%, compared to 48.0% and 47.3%, respectively, for Latino and Asian American voters. Since the conclusion of Reconstruction, the 2012 election marked the first time that black voters outnumbered white voters.

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These acts represent the Republican Party's stance on energy, which advocates for energy independence, emphasizes the obligations associated with energy production, and looks for methods to connect energy conservation with job growth.

The Republican party favors the advancement of nuclear energy as the primary source of energy in the United States as a result of this viewpoint.

However, given the risk and possible dangers posed by radioactive chemicals, this approach is subject to a number of unintended consequences. The opposition currently supports the development of solar energy to take its place.

Republicans are in favor of an all-encompassing energy strategy that includes the development of clean coal, American-produced oil, and natural gas, as well as alternative energy sources including wind, nuclear, solar, hydropower, geothermal, and biomass.

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In order for a candidate to become Presidential nominee, he/she has to win the majority of the delegates.

The Presidential election within of the US is a very complex process and the President chosen should be according to the will of the people. The President should serve the people well within his/her tenure. US history has seen some of the greatest Presidents. For a candidate to become a nominee he/she should be a natural born citizen of US and the age should be more than 35 percent. In order to get chosen he/she should win the majority of the delegates present in the party. The delegates play an important role in the selection of the President. There are usually two types of delegates within the party namely the Pledged delegates who has to support the required candidate and the unpledged delegates who can support any other candidate.

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A valid argument can have false premises and it can have a false conclusion ,but if a valid argument has all true premises, then it must have a true conclusion.

A false premise is an incorrect proposition that forms the basis of an argument or syllogism. Since the premise  is not correct the conclusion drawn may be in error. However, the logical validity of an argument is a function of its internal consistency, not the truth value of its premises.

Truth is a property of statements that is premises and conclusions, whereas validity is a property of the argument itself. If you talk of valid premises or true arguments then you are not using logical jargon correctly. True premises and a valid argument guarantee a true conclusion.

An argument that is not valid. We can test for invalidity by assuming that all the premises are true and seeing whether it is still possible for the conclusion to be false. If this is possible, the argument is invalid. Validity and invalidity apply only to arguments, not statements.

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General Sam Houston outsmarted Santa Anna during the Battle of San Jacinto in the following manner:

Scouts reported Santa Anna's army marching east toward Gonzales. Houston initiated a series of smart withdrawals to allow himself ample time to whip his men into fighting shape before confronting the Mexican army with his inadequately trained force.

Houston's strategic withdrawal allowed him to properly prepare his forces for war, and on April 21, the Texans surprised Santa Anna's army with a surprise attack near the San Jacinto River. Santa Anna was captured and surrendered as a result of the surprising success, and the struggle for Texas freedom was won.

In 1832, Sam Houston landed in Texas, some thirty years before. The former Tennessee governor and congressman's new cause was Texas independence. He led the force that defeated Mexican General Santa Anna at San Jacinto, earning him a position in Texas history.

Following the Battle of Gonzales, he assisted in the formation of Texas' provisional government and was appointed as the highest-ranking official in the Texas Army.

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The Attorney General is the head of the DOJ and the federal government's top law enforcer. The Attorney General advises the President and the leaders of the executive branches of the government, represents the United States in court, and occasionally makes an in-person appearance before the Supreme Court.

Since George Washington, the nation's first president, assumed office in 1789, the presidency's power has increased significantly. Although the scope of the presidency has fluctuated over time, it has played a significant role in American politics since the turn of the 20th century, particularly under the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt. As the head of the last remaining global superpower, the president is currently regarded as one of the most powerful political personalities in the world.

The president has significant domestic and global hard and soft power as the head of the country with the largest nominal GDP.

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Almost all contemporary Western-style democracies operate as some form of representative democracy, including the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy).

India (a federal parliamentary republic), France (a unitary semi-presidential republic), and the United States. Representative democracy, also known as indirect democracy, is a type of democracy where elected democracy people represent a group of people as opposed to direct democracy (a federal presidential republic).

Both the parliamentary and presidential systems of administration are capable of including representative democracy as a component. It monarchy normally takes place in a lower chamber, like the UK's House of democracy Commons or India's Lok Sabha, but it may be limited by constitutional provisions like an upper chamber and judicial review of monarchy legislation. a few political theory experts.

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A state is prohibited from treating residents of other states unfairly under the Privileges and Immunities Clause (U.S. Constitution, Article IV, Section 2, Clause 1; often known as the Comity Clause). The provision is linked to a right of interstate movement as well.

The first section of the Clause, which is mostly derived from the Articles of Confederation, obliges each state to take note of the laws, records, and judgments of the other states. The second phrase gives Congress the authority to choose how these documents will be used as evidence in court and their intended impact.

These materials should be given "the same full faith and credit" in every state that they do in the state "from where they are derived," according to the current implementing legislation, 28 U.S.C. 1738.

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Kennedy created a coercive test in his dissent, according to which the government does not violate the establishment of a church and state or force persons to  religion against their choice.

The free exercise provision may be violated if the government refuses to provide church and state with specific services, such as fire and police protection. In the three recent decisions, the court determined that government acts meant to uphold the separation of church and state had actually violated other First Amendment rights to free expression or the free exercise of religion. The separation of church and state is violated in a wide variety of ways. A violation is creating a national religion. Another option is to donate money to a church and state for missionary endeavors. The separation of church and state, or the separation of political power and religion, was institutionalized in a statute passed in 1905. Although public religious expression is somewhat frowned upon, this concept of a secularist society shields religious institutions from state intrusion.

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Citizens should be informed about current issues by doing so to ensure that their political representatives will address issues important to voters. The correct answer is B.

Because they are the ones who are aware of what is going on in society and because it is the responsibility of their representatives, citizens must be educated about the current issues that are being dealt with by the government.

Therefore, educating the populace on current issues will ensure that their political representative takes into account all of the topics that are significant to the electorate or the populace.

Individuals can participate in democracy by casting a ballot. Leaders are chosen by those who will represent them and advance their goals. Two unique rights that are solely available to citizens of the United States are the ability to vote in federal elections and the right to run for federal office.

Complete question:

Why should citizens be informed about current issues?

A. Doing so helps politicians know how to win their vote.

B. Doing so ensures that their political representatives will address

the issues important to voters.

C. Doing so helps them reinforce their existing point of view.

D. Being informed helps them combat voter apathy because they

realize their vote matters.

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Yes, the Supreme Court a federal trial court. The three main levels of the federal court system are district courts and the Supreme Court of the United States, which is the ultimate level of appeal in the federal system.

According to legal definitions, a court is any individual or body with the power to resolve legal disputes and deliver justice in civil, criminal, and administrative cases.

They decide whether a crime was committed and what course of action to take. They also offer the proper punishment for crimes committed, as well as a peaceful way for people to settle personal disputes that they are unable to settle themselves.

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Answer:

Explanation:

There is a system in the United States Constitution, which was made particularly to control the amount of power each branch of government has. This system is called Checks and Balances and it is very important to our government. Without a system to prevent one branch of government from having more power over another, the government would be controlled by one group of people. It would not be fair to the people of the United States if one branch had more power over another. This system is intended to prevent tyranny.

The three branches of government are; the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The legislative branch is run by congress, which includes the House of Representatives and the Senate. The main responsibility of the legislative branch is to make laws. The executive branch is run by the President of the United States. The president enforces laws and presents new ones, is in control of the Armed Forces, and has vetoing power. The judicial branch is run by the Supreme Court. The power the judicial branch has is to analyze the Constitution and reviewing laws.

The Separation of Powers was designed by the makers of the Constitution. This system serves many goals. The Separation prevents accumulation of power to one authority, which is the main cause of tyranny. It also allows each of the branches to have power over the other two branches. The United States of American was the first nation to have a separation of powers in the branches of government. The powers and responsibilities are equally divided amongst the executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. By dividing the United States government into three separate branches, it will take away the opportunity to have total power from any one of the groups. The separation of powers also created a checks and balance system which will not allow one of the branches of government to have more power over another. The main goal is to maintain equally in the government.

The system of Checks and Balances plays a very important role in the United States government. This system was built so that one of the branches of government can never have too much power; therefore one branch of government is controlled by the other two branches. Each branch of government checks the power of the other branches to be sure that every branch has equal power. The people of the United States put their trust into the government and in return want their rights to be protected. If all branches were run by themselves it would not be fair or constitutional.

The way laws are made is a good example of Checks and Balances. The legislative branch first proposes a bill. Then the bill is voted on by Congress and sent to the executive branch. The president will then decide whether or not the bill will improve our country. If the president believes the bill is a good idea he or she will sign the bill, and then it becomes a law. But if the president does not think that the bill will be good for the country he will veto the bill. Another check the legislative branch can do if they really believe that this particular bill should become a law, is that they can override the president’s veto. The bill gets sent back to the legislative branch and if two thirds of the group agrees, this will override the president’s veto and the bill becomes a law. Now once the bill has become a law, the people of the United States try out the new laws in the courts, which are run by the judicial branch. A person can file a lawsuit if they believe a law is not constitutional. It is the judicial branches job to listen to each side of the story and determine whether or not it is constitutional. All three branched of government are involved in the law making and enforcing process. If the responsibilities of laws were solely in the hands of one branch it would not be constitutional. The system of checks and balances allows each branch of government to have a say in how the laws are made.

The legislative branch has the power to make laws. It also has the power to run the following checks over the executive branch. The legislative branch also has the power to remove the president from office. This can only be done if they believe the president is not doing his or job the right way. This is called impeachment. The legislative branch also has “the power of the purse”, which means that they control how money in spent in the government. If a president needs money to go to war or for another federal action, the legislative branch will not provide the money unless they believe it is constitutional. Another power the legislative branch has over the executive branch is that the Senate can approve presidential appointments and treaties. Alike the executive branch, the legislative branch also has the power over the judicial branch to impeach a judge, and approves the appointments of the judges.

No, church in PNG Should  not be funded by the state because if the state start funding it, it will have powers to run and govern the church.

Volker Hauck, Angela Mandie-Filer, and Joe Bolger all highlighted the seven mainstream churches and their development organizations working with the government (2005). Additionally explored (by ADRA, 2015) in a case study with the title Sustained Investment in Church Development Capacity.

The PNG Churches Partnership Program (PNG CPP), launched in 2004 by the governments of Australia and PNG, aims to involve churches in providing social services such as education, health care, and others to people living in rural areas (ADRA, 2015).

Eighty-seven percent  of PNG's population is Christian and over ninety percent (Volker Hauck et al., 2005, p. 11) of them are members of PNG CPP churches. Rural areas are home to many people.

In fact, these churches are crucial development partners when it comes to addressing the majority of the population.

Church networks must be used as a "vehicle" for the transfer of products and services if development is to reach the people. Churches are the primary stakeholders, according to Volker Hauck et al. (2005).

Churches' presence in the community suggests that they serve as a crucial link between the people and the government.

Therefore, The state government does not reserve a special funding source just for religious organizations. Instead, they are equally qualified to seek for government funds.

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A cotton gin and what did its invention mean for cotton production in the U.S. is described below.

In 1794, U.S.-born discoverer Eli Whitney (1765-1825) proprietary the cotton gin, a machine that revolutionized the assembly of cotton by greatly dashing up the method of removing seeds from cotton fiber. By the mid-19th century, cotton had become America's leading export.

The Cotton 'Gin enabled cotton to be clean of seeds a lot of quicker than by hand. It conjointly multiplied the necessity and demand for slavery as a significant proletariat within the South. Interchangeable elements enabled the modernization of weapons and different machine elements.

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Voting, a fundamental civic duty, is one way that young people contribute to democracy. Although there are a lot more ways for kids to grow.

Class, gender, and religion have all been investigated as cleavage-based voting variables. First off, a person's political preferences are typically influenced by their religious beliefs.

Institutional considerations have a substantial impact on voter turnout. Making voting mandatory affects turnout directly and significantly, whereas erecting obstacles—such as needing a different registration process or hosting too many elections—suppresses turnout.

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