Preliminary preformulation studies for a new candidate drug molecule does not include one of these
A. Identity
B. Formula and weight
C. pharmacological activity
D. Pilot scale up

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Pilot scale up

Explanation:

Preformulation studies are carried out on candidate drug molecules that show sufficient pharmacological promise in animal model(pharma approach).

It involves preliminary study of the properties of a drug which is considered a potentially active ingredient against a particular disease condition.

Scale-up is the term used to refer to the increase in the batch size of a product. This is only done after a drug has been proven successful against the target disease after extensive pilot studies.

Scale-up is the last operation carried out when a drug has passed through all stages. It is not included in preliminary preformulation studies


Related Questions

How is a light bulb related to radiation?
A. Light bulbs do not have anything to do with radiation.
B. A light bulb emits radiation when its filament is burned out and can longer emit light. This makes it important to remove dead lightbulbs as soon as they wear out.
C. As light is emitted from the filament, the energy in the metal is replaced as lightbulbs absorb background radiation. This prevents the filament from burning out quickly but the radiation cannot be used as power so electricity is still required for the lightbulb to work.
D. The light emitted by a light bulb is a form of radiation that occurs when the filament heats up and its thermal emission gains enough energy to move into the visible spectrum.

Answers

Answer:

As light is emitted from the filament, the energy in the metal is replaced as lightbulbs absorb background radiation. This prevents the filament from burning out quickly but the radiation cannot be used as power so electricity is still required for the lightbulb to work.

Consider the reaction below. How much heat is absorbed if 5.00 moles of nitrogen react
with excess oxygen?
2 N2 (8) + O2(g) → 2 N20 (8) AHrxn- +163.2 kJ

Answers

Explanation:

The given chemical reaction is:

[tex]2 N_2 (g) + O_2(g) -> 2 N_20 (g) delta Hrxn= +163.2 kJ[/tex]

When two moles of nitrogen reacts with oxygen, it requires 163.2kJ of energy.

When 5.00 mol of nitrogen requires how much energy?

[tex]5.00 mol x \frac{163.2 kJ }{2 mol} \\=408 kJ[/tex]

Hence, the answer is 408 kJ of heat energy is required.

If you add a solution of NaOH to a solution of H₂CO₃, two reactions occur, one after the other. Write the chemical equations for these two reactions. (Hint: NaOH dissociate into Na+ and OH-, and the hydroxide ion is the actual base).

Answers

We have a solution of NaOH and H₂CO₃

First, NaOH will dissociate into Na⁺ and OH⁻ ions

The Na⁺ ion will substitute one of the Hydrogen atoms on H₂CO₃ to form NaHCO₃

The H⁺ released from the substitution will bond with the OH⁻ ion to form a water molecule

If there were to be another NaOH molecule, a similar substitution will take place, substituting the second hydrogen from H₂CO₃ as well to form Na₂CO₃

What volume (in liters) of a solution contains 0.14 mol of KCl?
1.8 M KCl
Express your answer using two significant figures.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.078 \ L }}[/tex]

Explanation:

We are asked to find the volume of a solution given the moles of solute and molarity.

Molarity is a measure of concentration in moles per liter. It is calculated using the following formula:

[tex]molarity= \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{liters \ of \ solution}[/tex]

We know there are 0.14 moles of potassium chloride (KCl), which is the solute. The molarity of the solution is 1.8 molar or 1.8 moles of potassium chloride per liter.

moles of solute = 0.14 mol KCl molarity= 1.8 mol KCl/ Lliters of solution=x

Substitute these values/variables into the formula.

[tex]1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L = \frac { 0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{x}[/tex]

We are solving for x, so we must isolate the variable. First, cross multiply. Multiply the first numerator and second denominator, then the first denominator and second numerator.

[tex]\frac {1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L}{1} = \frac{0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{x}[/tex]

[tex]1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L *x = 1*0.14 \ mol \ KCl[/tex]

[tex]1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L *x = 0.14 \ mol \ KCl[/tex]

Now x is being multiplied by 1.8 moles of potassium chloride per liter. The inverse operation of multiplication is division, so we divide both sides by 1.8 mol KCl/L.

[tex]\frac {1.8 \ mol \ KCl/ L *x}{1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L} = \frac{0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L}[/tex]

[tex]x= \frac{0.14 \ mol \ KCl}{1.8 \ mol \ KCl/L}[/tex]

The units of moles of potassium chloride cancel.

[tex]x= \frac{0.14 }{1.8 L}[/tex]

[tex]x=0.07777777778 \ L[/tex]

The original measurements of moles and molarity have 2 significant figures, so our answer must have the same. For the number we found, that is the thousandth place. The 7 in the ten-thousandth place tells us to round the 7 up to a 8.

[tex]x \approx 0.078 \ L[/tex]

There are approximately 0.078 liters of solution.

What is the difference between elimination and substitution reaction
Identify the key factors that will determine if a reaction undergoes elimination or substitution mechanism.
Use the following reagents to determine the type of reaction pathway expected and determine the products in each reaction.

a. Tert BuO- in tertbutanol and chlorobutane
b. KOH in water and bromobutane
c. NaI in acetone and bromobutane

Write a conclusion of no more than two paragraphs to summarize your results

Answers

Answer:

a) E2

b) SN2

c) SN2

Explanation:

A substitution reaction involves replacement of an atom or group in a molecule by another atom or group. An elimination reaction is the loss of two atoms from the same molecule leading to the formation of a multiple bond in the molecule.

We must note that primary alkyl halides never undergo SN1/E1 reactions. However, the presence of a strong bulky base such as tert BuO- , E2 reactions predominate. In the presence of strong bases such as OH^- and good nucleophiles such as I^-, SN2 mechanism predominates.

crassify the given quantities into scalar quantity and vetor quantity ​

Answers

Answer:

where is the quantities?

For a colligative property such as freezing point depression, :________
a) the charge on the particle affects the property.
b) only the molar mass of the particle matters, not the number of particles.
c) the size of the particle affects the property but not the charge.
d) the number of particles matter but not what they are.

Answers

A possible answer is b

Which of the following substances can be used to neutralize HF?

A: HF
B: SO2
C: HCI
D: NaOH

Answers

Answer:

option (D) NaOH is right answer

A neutralization reaction is "a reaction in which an acid and a base react to form water and a salt and involves H+ ions and OH- ions to produce water.

What is an acid?

An acid is "any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton or hydrogen ion to another substance".

What is base?

Base is "a substance that gets dissociated in an aqueous solution to form hydroxide ions OH-".

Hence, NaOH can be used to neutralize HF.

To learn more about Neutralization reaction here

https://brainly.com/question/24367029

#SPJ2

The average temperature at the South Pole In January is - 35.4 °C.
Convert this temperature to degrees Fahrenheit. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.
°F

Answers

Answer:

-31.72°F

Explanation:

(-35.4°C × 9/5) + 32 = -31.72°F

The average temperature at the South Pole In January is - 35.4 °C. This temperature in Fahrenheit is -31.72 °F

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, you can use the formula:

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

Let's calculate the temperature at the South Pole in degrees Fahrenheit:

°F = (-35.4 × 9/5) + 32

°F = (-63.72) + 32

°F = -31.72

Rounding to three significant digits, the temperature at the South Pole in degrees Fahrenheit is approximately -31.7 °F. The negative sign indicates that the temperature is below the freezing point in both Celsius and Fahrenheit scales. The South Pole experiences freezing temperatures, as it is located near the Earth's southernmost point and experiences long periods of darkness during January.

Hence, the temperature in Fahrenheit is -31.7 °F.

Learn more about temperature here:

https://brainly.com/question/7510619

#SPJ 4

Hydrogengasand oxygengas react to form water vapor. Suppose you have of and of in a reactor. Calculate the largest amount of that could be produced. Round your answer to the nearest .

Answers

The question is incomplete. The complete question is :

Hydrogen [tex](H_2)[/tex] gas and oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] gas react to form water vapor [tex](H_2O)[/tex]. Suppose you have 11.0 mol of [tex]H_2[/tex] and 13.0 mol of [tex]O_2[/tex] in a reactor. Calculate the largest amount of [tex]H_2O[/tex] that could be produced. Round your answer to the nearest 0.1 mol .

Solution :

The balanced reaction for reaction is :

[tex]$2H_2(g) \ \ \ \ + \ \ \ \ \ O_2(g)\ \ \ \rightarrow \ \ \ \ 2H_2O(g)$[/tex]

11.0                      13.0

11/2                       13/1     (dividing by the co-efficient)

6.5 mol               13 mol    (minimum is limiting reagent as it is completely consumed during the reaction)

Therefore, [tex]H_2[/tex] is limiting reagent. It's stoichiometry decides the product formation amount from equation above it is clear that number of moles for [tex]H_2O[/tex] will be produced = number of moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]

                                     = 11.0 mol

In an ELISA, the compound 4-chloro-1-naphthol is used because:_______
a. it turns color in the presence of an enzyme that is bound to the secondary antibody
b. it helps the primary antibody bind to the protein
c. it helps the secondary antibody to bind to the protein
d. all of the choices

Answers

Answer:

a. It turns color in the presence of an enzyme that us bound to the secondary antibody.

Explanation:

The compound chloronapthenel is used in the reaction because it changes the color in the presence of an enzyme. It is strong organic compound which is used in biochemical processes.

Spinocerebellar Ataxia

Answers

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a term referring to a group of hereditary ataxias that are characterized by degenerative changes in the part of the brain related to the movement control (cerebellum), and sometimes in the spinal cord.

The color cyan has a frequency of 5.902x10^14 What is the wavelength in nm ? Record your answer with 2
decimals.

Answers

The wavelength of the color cyan is 508 nm.

To solve the problem, we use the following equation that relates the frequency (ν) and the wavelength (λ) of a wave:

c = λ x ν

Given:

c = speed of light = 3.00 x 10⁸ m/s (is a constant)

ν = 5.902 x 10¹⁴ Hz = 5.902 s⁻¹

We introduce the data to calculate the wavelength in m:

λ = c/ν = (3.00 x 10⁸ m/s)/(5.902 s⁻¹) = 5.08 x 10⁻⁷ m

We know that 10⁻⁹m = 1 nm, so we convert λ to nm:

λ = 5.08 x 10⁻⁷ m x 1 nm/10⁻⁹m = 508 nm

To learn more about the relationship between frequency and wavelength in a wave, you can visit: https://brainly.com/question/4386945

choose isomer of hexanoic acid?
A) - penthylformiate
B) _ izopropyleacetate
C) _ methylpropanoate
D) _ a- Methylbutanoic acid

Answers

Answer:

THR ANSWER IS C) _ methylpropanoate

A tank contains oxygen gas at 2.551 atm. What is the pressure in mmHg?

Answers

The force exerted on the container by the particles of the matter is called pressure. The tank containing oxygen gas at 2.551 atm will have a pressure of 1939 mm Hg.

What is pressure?

Pressure is the property used to estimate the force experienced by the system due to the liquid or the gas held in it. The pressure of the gas can be calculated by the ideal gas and force and area.

The pressure is created due to the collision of the particles of the gases and liquids on the wall perpendicularly. It is estimated in Pascal (Pa) as the standard unit along with atm and mmHg.

It is known that 1 atm = 760 mm Hg

Given,

The pressure of oxygen gas = 2.551 atm

Using the conversion factor the pressure from atm to mm Hg is calculated as,

1 atm = 760 mm Hg

2.551 atm = (2.551 atm × 760 mm Hg) ÷ 1 atm

= 1938.76 mmHg

Therefore, 1939 mm Hg is the pressure of the oxygen gas.

Learn more about pressure here:

https://brainly.com/question/20050281

#SPJ2

A sentence using the word Compound

Answers

Answer:

The air smelled like a compound of diesel and gasoline fumes.

Scientist have produced A new chemical compound

Consider an equilibrium (K1) that is established after 10 mL of compound A and 10 mL of compound B are mixed. Now, imagine the equilibrium (K2) where 1 mL of compound A is added to 100 mL of compound B. How are K1 and K2 related algebraically (read this question VERY carefully, at least one more time)?

Answers

K1 and K2 are related algebraically because once the values are inserted into the equilibrium equation, both equations will yield a denominator of 100.

How many protons does Tin have?
A. 50
B. 68
C. 118​

Answers

50 you always use the the top number for protons

Hello There!

Tin has 50 protons.

Hope that helps you!

~Just a felicitous girlie

#HaveASplendidDay

[tex]SilentNature[/tex]

Gaseous methane (CH4) will react with gaseous oxygen (O2) to produce gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) and gaseous water . Suppose 2.73 g of methane is mixed with 6.7 g of oxygen. Calculate the maximum mass of water that could be produced by the chemical reaction. Round your answer to significant digits.

Answers

Answer:

3.8g of H2O are produced

Explanation:

The balanced reaction of the problem is:

CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Where 1 mole of CH4 reacts with 2 moles of O2

To solve this question we need to find, as first, the moles of each reactant in order to find limiting reactant. With limiting reactant we can find the moles of H2O produced and its mass as follows:

Moles CH4 - 16.04g/mol-

2.73g * (1mol/16.04g) = 0.170 moles CH4

Moles O2 -32g/mol-

6.7g (1mol/32g) = 0.209 moles O2

For a complete reaction of 0.170 moles of CH4 are needed:

0.170 moles CH4 * (2 mol O2 / 1mol CH4) = 0.340 moles O2

As there are just 0.209 moles of O2, oxygen is limiting reactant

The moles of water produced are:

0.209 moles O2 * (2mol H2O / 2mol O2) = 0.209 moles H2O

Mass water -Molar mass: 18.01g/mol-

0.209 moles H2O * (18.01g/mol) = 3.8g of H2O are produced

what is food nutrients​

Answers

Answer:

Nutrients arw compounds in foods essential to life and heath

Answer: In simple terms nutrients are the energy that you get from food certain foods give more nutrients and others give close to none. That is what nutrients in your food is

Explanation:

As discussed in class, the Fischer esterification reactants and products are at equilibrium. How was the equilibrium of the reaction that you performed shifted towards the products

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The particular reactants in the Fischer esterification reaction were not stated.

Generally, a Fischer esterification is a reaction that proceeds as follows;

RCOOH + R'OH ⇄RCOOR' + H2O

This reaction occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst.

We can shift the equilibrium of this reaction towards the products side in two ways;

I) use of a large excess of either of the reactants

ii) removal of one of the products as it is formed.

Any of these methods shifts the equilibrium of the Fischer esterification reaction towards the products side.

Calculate the molality of each of the following solutions: (a) 36.2 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 323 g of water, m (b) 8.63 moles of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) in 1889 g of water.

Answers

Answer:

(a) m = 0.327 m.

(b) m = 4.57 m.

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, according to the given information, it turns out possible for us to solve this problem by firstly considering the fact that the molality is computed by dividing the moles of solute by the kilograms of solvent, in this case water; in such a way, we proceed as follows:

(a) We firstly calculate the moles of 36.2 grams of sucrose as its molar mass is 342.3 g/mol:

[tex]\frac{36.2g}{342.3g/mol} =0.106mol[/tex]

Next, the kilograms of water in this case are 0.323 kg so that the molality will be:

[tex]m=\frac{0.106mol}{0.323kg}\\\\m=0.327m[/tex]

(b) In this case, we directly realize that the kilograms of water are now 1.889 kg so that the molality will be:

[tex]m=\frac{8.63mol}{1.889kg}=4.57m[/tex]

Clearly, the both of them in molal, m, units.

Regards!

Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction of hydrogen and chlorine using the bond energies below.
"BOND." " BOND ENERGY "
H-H. 436
CL-CL. 242
H-CL. 431 ​

Answers

Answer:

final-intial temperature= enthalpy change

Give the amino acid sequence in the following tetrapeptide using both 3-letter and 1-letter abbreviations for the amino acids. (Capitalize amino acid abbreviations appropriately.) ball

Answers

Answer:

ggggggggggggg

Explanation:

gggggggggggthyjum

what is the difference between Absorption and adsorption​

Answers

Absorption is a process in which any substance (atoms, ions, or molecules) is taken by or absorbed by another substance, especially in the solid or liquid material. Adsorption is when the substances like gas, liquids or dissolved solids loosely adhere or stick to the surface of another substance which can be solid or liquid.

What ion will be formed by the phosphorus atom shown below when it has a stable set of valence electrons?

Answers

Phosphorus ion  have 3 extra electrons which create a valence of -3.

The correct answer is P3-

Ions combine with other elements and combination in one atom of phosphorus with four atoms of oxygen will create phosphorus ion PO4^3- .

Phosphorus atom has to render 3s electrons to oxygen atom of phosphoryl group.

Phosphorus become positively charged and oxygen becomes negatively charged.

Learn more at https://brainly.com/question/24325772

2. The reaction of a triglyceride with methanol in the presence of a strong base to form
methyl esters and glycerol is called
O A. transesterification.
O B. saponification.
O C. ester formation.
O D. dehydration condensation.

Answers

Answer:

The answer it's A. transesterification

the ability for carbon to form long chain or rings is

Answers

califactual. thsi is correct bcuz carbon takes 20 minutes to dissolve and ring making it a factual

what is calcium anyone tell plz​

Answers

Answer:

Calcium is a chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

Calcium is a mineral that is necessary for life. In addition to building bones and keeping them healthy, calcium enables our blood to clot, our muscles to contract, and our heart to beat. About 99% of the calcium in our bodies is in our bones and teeth.

Explain the general properties of aqueous solution based on the following support your answer with examples for each case
1. Electrolytes versus non-electrolyte
2. Precipitation reaction
3. Solubility

Answers

An aqueous solution, based on its name, is a water based solution, such that the solvent is water. In such solution, ionic compounds when dissolved, tend to dissociate into the constituent ions, for example, sodium chloride, NaCl forms an aqueous solution of sodium, Na⁺ and chloride, Cl⁻

1) Therefore, aqueous solutions are good electrolyte when ionic, and are therefore, good electrolytes which conduct electricity compared to solids that form non-electrolyte

2) A precipitation reaction is the insoluble product formed by the combination of cations and anions to form ionic solids that are insoluble

3) Aqueous solutions are made with substance that are soluble in water

Learn more about aqueous solution here;

https://brainly.com/question/19587902

Other Questions
A jar of gumballs contains 4 reds, 2 greens, and 6 blues. What is the probability of getting two blues in a row without replacement?Select one:a. 3/4b. 1/2c. 5/22d. 5/11 write a page about something that happened in your life Roger Company sold machinery for a total price of $20,000 to be paid in four equal installments, plus interest. The first payment was made in the current year. The original cost of the machinery was $12,000 and $8,000 of depreciation had been taken on it. Ignoring interest income, what amount of income must Roger Company recognize in the current year under the installment method for this sale What is the simplified form of each expression?a. (6 + 3)2 4b. 23 + (14 4) 2 A. a. 77b. 13 B. a. 77b. 9 C. a. 14b. 13 D. a. 14b. 9 The air you breathe is a solution of about 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen and 1% othergases. Which substance is the solvent? Explain how you know What happens during stagflation? Check all that apply.A. high unemploymentB. high pricesC. increased productionD. increased wages earnedE. falling production The distance, y, in miles, traveled by a car in a certain amount of time, x, in hours, is shown in the graph below:A graph titled Motion of Car is shown with Time in hours labeled on x-axis and Distance from Starting Point in miles labeled on y-axis. The scale on the x-axis shows the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and the scale on the y-axis shows the numbers 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, 84. There are three straight lines in the graph. The first line joins ordered pair 0, 0 with 3, 42. The second straight line joins 3,42 and 4,42 and the third straight line joins ordered pair 4,42 with the ordered pair 5,56.Which of the following best describes the motion of the car shown? It travels for 2 hours, then stops for 1 hour, and finally travels again for 5 hours. It travels for 3 hours, then stops for 1 hour, and finally travels again for 1 hour. It travels for 3 hours, then stops for 4 hours, and finally travels again for 5 hours. It travels for 2 hours, then stops for 2 hours, and finally travels again for 1 hour. Why are sentences often ludicrous when theybegin with a participial phrase that does notrefer to the subject of the sentence?The participial phrase introduces the reader to the objectbeing modifiedThe participial phrase accidentally modifies the wrongpart of the sentence.The participial phrase becomes forgotten later in thesentence.The participial phrase accidentally modifies the entiresentence Identify each statement about anthropologists studying sexuality as characteristic of anthropology before World War II, or since World War II. Before World War II Instead of sexuality, ethnographies focused on marriage, kinship, and family. Press Space to open Anthropologists began studying gay, lesbian, and queer life. Press Space to open Margaret Mead studied sexuality among young people in the western Pacific. Press Space to open Human sexuality was seen as an integral part of culture, and was included in many ethnographies. The entire graph of the function g is shown in the figure below.Write the domain and range of g as intervals or unions of intervals. C Cch no ci to t cho mc ch xy dng- tc lm ti t ln Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu.Drew is filing his tax return as single taxpayer. His taxable income is $39,000. Use the tax table provided to compute Drew's tax due andeffective tax rate.Single Taxpayers: Income BracketsTax IncomeTax OwedRate Bracket1096 O to 9,525 10% of taxable income9,526 to $952.50 plus 12% of129638,700 the excess over $9,525$4,453.50 plus 22% of229638,701 tothe excess over82.500$38,700$14,089.50 plus 249682.501 to2496of the excess over157.500$82.500$32,089.50 plus 3296157.501 to3296of the excess over200,000$157.500$45,689.50 plus 3596200,001 to3596of the excess over500,000$200,000$150,689.50 plus 37963796 > 500,000 of the excess over55 Q 14. Two friends Tina and Reeta simplified two different expressions during the revisionhour and explained toeach other their simplifications,V2Tina explains simplification of Torta by rationalising the denominator and Reetaexplains simplifications of (72 + V3) (12 - 13) by using identity,i)VzBy rationalising the denominator ofTina gotVSVvza)c) V5 13b) V7(13-va)d)Vic+V5)2ii)Reeta applya) (a+b)identity to simplify(V2 + 13) (12 73).b) (a-b)?c) (x+a) (x+b) d) (a+b)(a-b)iii)(12 + V3) (72 - 73) =a) 5 b) (74 + 6c) 1d) -1iv)All the rational and irrational numbers make up the collection ofnumbers.a) Whole numbersb) Integersb) c) Real Numbersd) Irrational Numbers Which is a component of the biosphere?bacteriaargonmountainsD.permafrostResetNext please help me asap (geometry) 14) The height, h metres, of a ball projected directly upwards from the ground can be modelled by h = 56t - 71, where t is the time in seconds after it leaves the ground. a) Find the height of the ball 3.5 seconds after it leaves the ground. b) At what time will the ball strike the ground again? c) When will the ball be 49 m above the ground? Briefly explain why there are two possible answers. Which set of ordered pairs could be generated by an exponential function?(negative 1, negative one-half), (0, 0), (1, one-half), (2, 1)(1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 8)(negative 1, one-half), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 4)(1, 1), (0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 4) A 900 kg car travelling at 12 m/s due east collides with a 600 kg car travelling at 24 m/s due north. As a result of the collision, the two cars lock together and move in what final direction?45.0 N of E53.1 N of E63.3 N of E69.5 N of E Name the following molecule Describe how to transform the graph of f(x) = x2 to obtain the graph of the related function g(x).Then draw the graph of g(x). 1. g(x) = f(x + 1)2. g(x) = f(x) - 2Please help i also need to graph