Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below;
1. The current asset is
= Total stockholder equity + total liabilities - Property, plant and equipment - Other long-term assets
= $290,000 + $220,000 - $190,000 - $150,000
= $170,000
2. The long term liabilities is
Total liabilities = current liabilities + long term liabilities
$220,000 = $145,000 + long term liabilities
SO, the long term liabilities is
= $220,000 - $145,000
= $75,000
3. The contributed capital is
Total stockholder equity = contributed capital + retained earnings
$290,000 = contributed capital = $150,000
So, the contributed capital is
= $290,000 - $150,000
= $140,000
4. Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity is
= total liabilities + stockholder equity
= $220,000 + $290,000
= $510,000
Jiminy’s Cricket Farm issued a bond with 25 years to maturity and a semiannual coupon rate of 4 percent 3 years ago. The bond currently sells for 108 percent of its face value. The company’s tax rate is 22 percent.
Answer:
Pretax cost of debt = 3.48%
Aftertax cost of debt = 2.71%
Explanation:
Missing word "What is the pretax cost of debt and aftertax cost of debt"
Coupon rate = 4%
YTM = 22
Nper = YTM*2 = 44
PMT = 1000*4%/2 = 20
FV = 1000
PV = 1080
Rate = rate(nper, pmt, -pv, fv)
Rate = rate(44, 20, -1080, 1000)
Rate = 0.0174
Rate = 1.74%
Pretax cost of debt = Rate * 2
Pretax cost of debt = 1.74% * 2
Pretax cost of debt = 3.48%
Aftertax cost of debt = [3.48% * (1 - 0.22)]
Aftertax cost of debt = 3.48% * 0.78
Aftertax cost of debt = 0.0348 * 0.78
Aftertax cost of debt = 0.027144
Aftertax cost of debt = 2.71%
One potential advantage of financing corporations through the use of bonds rather than common stock is: ______________
a. the corporation must pay the bonds at maturity
b. the interest on bonds must be paid when due
c. a higher earning per share is guaranteed for existing common shareholders
d. the interest expense is deductible for tax purposes by the corporation.
Answer:
d. the interest expense is deductible for tax purposes by the corporation.
Explanation:
Corporate finance can be regarded as division of finance which handles the way corporations deal with activities such as investment decisions as well as funding sources and capital structuring. Corporate finance primarily deals with maximization of shareholder value by the use of long and short-term financial planning as well as implementation of various strategies. financing of corporations could be through the use of bonds as well as use of common stock.
There are different advantages that is associated to issuing bonds instead of issuing shares of common stock, is that Interest that comes on bonds as well as other debt is deductible as regards to the income tax return of the corporation while the dividends that comes on common stock are not regarded as deductible on the income tax return. It should be noted that One potential advantage of financing corporations through the use of bonds rather than common stock is the interest expense is deductible for tax purposes by the corporation.
Sturbridge Company manufactures fine furniture and grandfather clocks. Sturbridge has an excellent reputation, and each grandfather clock sells for several thousand dollars. Which of the following should not be treated as direct costs, assuming the cost object is individual clocks?
a. The clock face
b. The timing mechanism for each clock
c. Wood
d. Depreciation on dock-making equipment
Answer:
D)depreciation on clock making equipment
Explanation:
From the question we are informed about Sturbridge Company manufactures who fine furniture and grandfather clocks. Sturbridge has an excellent reputation, and each grandfather clock sells for several thousand dollars. In this case, all the following should be treated as direct costs, assuming the cost object is individual clocks;
✓ The clock face
✓The timing mechanism for each clock
✓Wood
A direct cost can be regarded as price which can be tied directly to manufacture of particular goods or services. Direct and indirect costs can be regarded as two major types of costs that can be incurred by companies. Direct costs are been regarded as variable costs often, i.e this cost could fluctuate as q result of production levels like inventory.
River co. just paid a dividend of $2 per share out of earnings of $4 per share. If its book value per share is $25 and its stock is currently selling for $40 per share, calculate the required rate of return on the stock.
Answer:
13.4%
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the required rate of return on the stock.
First step
g = (1 - 0.5)(4/25)
g = 0.08*100
g = 8%
Now let determine the required rate of return
r = [(2 * 1.08)/40] + 0.08
r= 13.4%
Therefore the required rate of return on the stock is 13.4%
Red Co. recorded a right-of-use asset of $140,000 in a 10-year finance lease. Payments of $22,784 are made annually at the end of each year. The interest rate charged by the lessor and known by Red was 10%. The balance in the lease payable after two years will be: (Round your final answer to the nearest whole dollar.)
Answer: $121554
Explanation:
Lease liability = $140,000
Less: Lease liability in 1st year= $8784
Lease payable after one year = $131216
Less: Lease liability in 2nd year = $9662.40
Lease payable after 2nd year = $121553.60 = $121554
Note:
Lease liability in 1st year:
= $22,784 - (10% × $140000)
= $22784 - $14000
= $8784
Lease liability in 2nd year:
= $22784 - (10% × $131216)
= $22784 - $13121.60
= $9662.40
Differentiate between expansionary fiscal policy and contractional fiscal policy
Answer:
Expansionary fiscal policy includes tax cuts, transfer payments, rebates and increased government spending on projects such as infrastructure improvements. For example, it can increase discretionary government spending, infusing the economy with more money through government contracts. On the other hand, in Contractional Fiscal Policy, the government taxes more than it spends—either by increasing tax rates, decreasing spending, or both. This type of fiscal policy is best used during times of economic prosperity. Contractionary fiscal policy is the opposite of expansionary fiscal policy.
Explanation:
Fleming Sign Company uses the allowance method in accounting for uncollectible accounts. Past experience indicates that 6% of accounts receivable will eventually be uncollectible. Selected account balances at December 31, 2017, and December 31, 2018, appear below:
12/31/14 12/31/15
Net Credit Sales $400,000 $500,000
Accounts Receivable 60,000 80,000
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts 5,200 ?
Record the following events in 2015.
Aug. 10 Determined that the account of Sue King for $800 is uncollectible.
Sept. 12 Determined that the account of Tom Young for $3,700 is uncollectible.
Oct. 10 Received a check for $500 as payment on account from Sue King, whose account had previously been written off as uncollectible. She indicated the remainder of her account would be paid in November.
Nov. 15 Received a check for $300 from Sue King as payment on her account.
Answer:
a) Aug. 10
Dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $800
Cr Accounts Receivable—Sue King $800
Sept. 12
Dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $3,700
Cr Account Receiveble- Tom young $3,700
Oct. 10
Dr Accounts Receivable— Sue King $800
Cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $800
Dr Cash $500
Cr Accounts Receivable— Sue King $500
(To record collection on account)
Nov. 15 Cash $300
Cr Accounts Receivable— Sue King $300
(b) Dec. 31
Dr Bad Debt Expense $30,000
Cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $30,000
(c) $38,900
Explanation:
a) Preparation of the journal entry
Aug. 10
Dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $800
Cr Accounts Receivable—Sue King $800
(To write off Sue King account)
Sept. 12
Dr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $3,700
Cr Account Receiveble- Tom young $3,700
(To write off Tom Young account)
Oct. 10
Dr Accounts Receivable— Sue King $800
Cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $800
(To reinstate Sue King account previously written off)
Dr Cash $500
Cr Accounts Receivable— Sue King $500
(To record collection on account)
Nov. 15 Cash $300
Cr Accounts Receivable— Sue King $300
(To record collection on account)
(b) Preparation of the adjusting journal entry to record the bad debt provision for the year ended December 31, 2015.
Dec. 31
Dr Bad Debt Expense $30,000
($500,000 ×6%)
Cr Allowance for Doubtful Accounts $30,000
(To record estimate of uncollectible accounts)
(c) Calculation to determine the balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31, 2015
Balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31, 2015= ($5,200 – $800 – $3,700 + $800 + $30,000)
Balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31, 2015=$38,900
Therefore the balance of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts at December 31, 2015 is $38,900
Break-Even Point
Nicolas Inc. sells a product for $59 per unit. The variable cost is $30 per unit, while fixed costs are $171,564.
Determine (a) the break-even point in sales units and (b) the break-even point if the selling price were increased to $64
per unit.
a. Break-even point in sales units
units
b. Break-even point if the selling price were increased to $64 per unit
units
Answer:
The right answer is:
(a) 5916 units
(b) 5046 units
Explanation:
Given:
Sales,
= $59
Variable cost,
= $30
Fixed cost,
= $171,564
Increased sale,
= $64
Now,
(a)
Contribution margin will be:
= [tex]Sales - Variable \ cost[/tex]
= [tex]59-30[/tex]
= [tex]29 \ per \ unit[/tex] ($)
hence,
Breakeven will be:
= [tex]\frac{Fixed \ cost}{Contribution \ margin}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{171564}{29}[/tex]
= [tex]5916 \ units[/tex]
(b)
Contribution margin will be:
= [tex]Sales-Variable \ cost[/tex]
= [tex]64-30[/tex]
= [tex]34 \ per \ unit[/tex] ($)
hence,
Breakeven will be:
= [tex]\frac{Fixed \ cost}{Contribution \ margin}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{171564}{34}[/tex]
= [tex]5046 \ units[/tex]
From the standpoint of the issuing company, a disadvantage of using bonds as a means of long-term financing is that Group of answer choices bond interest is deductible for tax purposes. interest must be paid on a periodic basis regardless of earnings. income to stockholders may increase as a result of trading on the equity. the bondholders do not have voting rights.
Answer:
interest must be paid on a periodic basis regardless of earnings.
Explanation:
A bond can be defined as a debt or fixed investment security, in which a bondholder (investor or creditor) loans an amount of money to the bond issuer (government or corporations) for a specific period of time. The bond issuer are expected to return the principal (face value) at maturity with an agreed upon interest (coupon), which are paid at fixed intervals.
The disadvantages of bonds are listed below as;
1. Bonds can decrease a person's return on equity.
2. Bonds require a payment of the principal amount.
3. Bonds typically require a payment of periodic interest.
Generally, most bonds with shorter maturity time respond less dramatically to changes in interest rates when compared to bonds having longer maturity. Thus, the risk associated with short bonds isn't really significant because their interest rates are less likely to change substantially within that short period of time unlike bonds with longer maturity.
Hence, regardless of the earnings by bondholders, interest must be paid on a periodic basis on a long-term bond.
Holtzman Clothiers's stock currently sells for $38 a share. It just paid a dividend of $1.5 a share (i.e., D0 = $1.5). The dividend is expected to grow at a constant rate of 4% a year.
Required:
a. What stock price is expected 1 year from now?
b. What is the required rate of return?
Answer:
b 6.87%
a 56.53
Explanation:
according to the constant dividend growth model
price = d1 / (r - g)
d1 = next dividend to be paid
r = cost of equity
g = growth rate
38 = (1.5 x 1.04) / (r - 0.04)
38 (r - 0.04) = 1.092
r - 0,04 = 0.0287
r = 6.87%
1.5 x (1.04^2) / 6.87 - 4 = 56.53
which is used as a tool for cost control in accounting
Answer:
ratio analysis
Explanation:
he following materials standards have been established for a particular product: Standard quantity per unit of output 4.2 meters Standard price $ 18.40 per meter The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: Actual materials purchased 7,200 meters Actual cost of materials purchased $ 138,600 Actual materials used in production 6,700 meters Actual output 1,550 units. What is the materials price variance for the month?
a. $3,658 U
b. $7,700 U
c. $11,770 U
d. $6,120 U
Answer:
d. $6,120 U
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the materials price variance for the month
Using this formula
Materials price variance = (AQ × AP) – (AQ × SP)
Let plug in the formula
Materials price variance = $138,600 – (7,200 meters × $18.40 per meter)
Materials price variance = $138,600 – $132,480
Materials price variance = $6,120 U
Therefore Materials price variance is $6,120 U
A company's Office Supplies account shows a beginning balance of $710 and an ending balance of $620. If office supplies expense for the year is $3,650, what amount of office supplies was purchased during the period?
Answer:
the amount of office supplies was purchased during the period is $3,560
Explanation:
The computation of the office supplies purchased is shown below:
office supplies expense for the period $3,650
add: ending balance of supplies $620
less: opening stock of supplies availed - $710
Office supplies purchased $3,560
Therefore the amount of office supplies was purchased during the period is $3,560
Lash World Pool Supplies wants its salespeople to call on pool wholesalers five times per year and to spend two hours on each sales call. Every salesperson works a 40-hour week and takes off two weeks for vacation each year. A salesperson must spend half of the time on travel and administration. Approximately how many salespeople does Splash World need to service 1000 accounts?
a)10
b) 20
c) 8
d) 2
e) 24
Answer:
a) 10
Explanation:
Calculation to determine Approximately how many salespeople does Splash World need to service 1000 accounts
First step is to determine the selling time
Using this formula
Selling time=Number of customers *Sales calls per year*Hours per sales call
Let plug in the formula
Selling time=1000 * 5 *2 hours
Selling time= 10,000 hours
Second step is to determine the number of hours they used to sell
Hours to sell= (40 hours per wweek* 50 weeks)*1/2
Hours to sell = 2000 hours per year*1/2
Hours to sell= 1000 hours per year.
Now let determine how many salespeople does Splash World need to service 1000 accounts
Number of salespeople=10,000 hours /1000 hours per year
Number of salespeople=10
Therefore Approximately how many salespeople does Splash World need to service 1000 accounts will be 10 salespeople
Aptitude is defined as the ability to _____. learn several different jobs learn a particular kind of job get a job get fired from a job
Highsmith Rental Company purchased an apartment building early in 2021. There are 20 apartments in the building and each is furnished with major kitchen appliances. The company has decided to use the group depreciation method for the appliances. The following data are available:
Appliance Cost Residual Value Service Life (in Years)
Stoves $15,000 $3,000 6
Refrigerators 10,000 1,000 5
Dishwashers 8,000 500 4
In 2019, three new refrigerators costing $2,700 were purchased for cash. The old refrigerators, which originally cost $1,500, were sold for $200.
Requried:
a. Calculate the group depreciation rate, group life, and depreciation for 2016.
b. Prepare the journal entries to record the purchase of the new refrigerators and the sale of the old refrigerators.
Answer:
A. Group depreciation rate 17.197%
Group life 5.02 years
Depreciation for 2016 $5,675
B. 2019
Dr Stove, refrigerator and dishwasher $2,700
Cr Cash $2,700
2019
Dr Accumulated Depreciation $1,300
Dr Cash $200
Cr Stove, refrigerator and dishwasher $1,500
Explanation:
A. Calculation to determine the group depreciation rate, group life, and depreciation for 2016.
First step is the Computation of Group depreciation rate, group life and depreciation for 2016
Assets Original Residual Depreciation Estimated Depreciation
Cost Value Cost Life-Years per year-SLM
Stoves $15,000-$3,000= $12,000 6 $2,000 ($12,000/6=$2,000)
Refrigerators $10,000-$1,000=$9,000 5 $1,800 ($9,000/5=$1,800)
Dishwashers $8,000-$500=$7,500 4 $1,875
($7,500/4=$1,875)
Total $33,000 $4,500 $28,500 $5,675
Now let determine the group depreciation rate, group life, and depreciation for 2016.
Calculation for group depreciation rate using this formula
Group Depreciation Rate = Total depreciation per year ÷ Total original cost
Let plug in the formula
Group depreciation rate = $5,675 ÷ $33,000*100
Group depreciation rate= 17.197%
Calculation for Group life using this formula
Group life = Total depreciation cost ÷ Total depreciation per year
Let plug in the formula
Group life = $28,500 ÷ $5,675
Group life = 5.02 years
Calculation for Depreciation for 2016 using this formula
Depreciation for 2016= Original Cost × Group Depreciation Rate
Let plug in the formula
Depreciation for 2016 = $33,000 × 0.17197
Depreciation for 2016= $5,675
Therefore the group depreciation rate is 17.197%, group life is 5.02 years, and depreciation for 2016 is $5,675
B. Preparation of the journal entries to record the purchase of the new refrigerators and the sale of the old refrigerators.
2019
Dr Stove, refrigerator and dishwasher $2,700
Cr Cash $2,700
(To record purchase of new refrigerator)
2019
Dr Accumulated Depreciation $1,300
($1,500-$200)
Dr Cash $200
Cr Stove, refrigerator and dishwasher $1,500
(To record sale of old refrigerator)
Item 12 Firm X is being acquired by Firm Y for $35,000 cash which is being provided by retained earnings. The synergy of the acquisition is $5,000. Firm X has 2,000 shares of stock outstanding at a price of $16 a share. Firm Y has 10,200 shares of stock outstanding at a price of $46 a share. What is the value of Firm Y after the acquisition
Answer:
$471,200
Explanation:
Value of firm Y before acquisition = $46 * 10,200 shares
Value of firm Y before acquisition = $469,200
Book value of firm X = $16 * 2,000
Book value of firm X = $32,000
Cash provided to firm X = $35,000
Synergy of the acquisition = $5,000
Value of firm Y after acquisition = $469,200 + ($32,000 - $35,000) + $5,000
Value of firm Y after acquisition = $469,200 - $3,000 + $5,000
Value of firm Y after acquisition = $471,200
The group of people within an organization who participate in the buying process and share common goals, risks, and knowledge important to a purchase decision are referred to as the
Answer:
Buying center
Explanation:
The group of an people in an organization that participated for purchasing the process and at the same time they share the common goals, objectives, risk and knowledge that are crucial for making a purchasing decision we called it as the buying center. In this the unit of the decision making of an organziation contacted to the members for making the buying decision process of the firm
So the above should be the answer
Lara Technologies is considering a cash outlay of $239,000 for the purchase of land, which it could lease out for $39,450 per year. If alternative investments that yield a 15% return are available, the opportunity cost of the purchase of the land is a.$39,450 b.$35,850 c.$75,300 d.$3,600
Answer:
kOUC VWDODU gaiyw vwiyd viyqdc8y1rv8eyc8eyvc8wyfvy82
Explanation:
to the end of the sixth year;
b/ The number of years required before the capital stock exceeds $200 000.
"Differentiation is not something hatched in marketing and advertising department ,nor it is limited to the catchalls to quality and service".Justify your answer.
Answer:
Differentiation opportunities can exist in activities all along an industry's value chain
Explanation:
-Product R&D activities that aim at improved product designs and performance features,expanded end uses and applications and selection, added user safety,greater recycling capability or enhanced environmental protection.
On January 1, Year 1, Frost Co. entered into a 2-year lease agreement with Ananz Co. to lease a new computer. The lease term begins on January 1, Year 1, and ends on December 31, Year 2. The lease agreement requires Frost to pay Ananz two annual lease payments of $8,000. The present value of the minimum lease payments is $13,000. Which of the following circumstances would require Frost to classify and account for the arrangement as a finance lease?
a. Frost does not have the option of purchasing the computers at the end of the lease term.
b. The fair value of the computers on January 1, year 1 is $14,000.
c. The economic life of the computers is three years.
d. Ownership of the computers remains with Ananz throughout the lease term and after the lease ends.
Answer:
Frost (Lessee) and Ananz (Lessor)
The circumstance that would require Frost to classify and account for the arrangement as a finance lease is:
c. The economic life of the computers is three years.
Explanation:
a) Data:
Annual lease payments = $8,000
Present value of the minimum lease payments = $13,000
Fair value of the computer = $14,000
The economic life of the computers = 3 years
The lease period = 2 years
b) One of the conditions for classifying the lease arrangement as a finance lease is that the lease term of 2 years forms a significant part of the asset's useful life of 3 years. Other conditions include:
Firstly, ownership of the asset is transferred to the lessee at the end of the lease term. The second condition is that the lessee can purchase the asset below its fair value.
Jelly Inc.'s contribution margin ratio is 62% and its fixed monthly expenses are $49,000. Assuming that the fixed monthly expenses do not change, what is the best estimate of the company's net operating income in a month when sales are $140,000?
Answer:
$37,800
Explanation:
Given the above information, we known that
Contribution margin ratio = Contribution margin / Sales
Contribution margin ratio = $140,000 × 62% = $86,800
Less: Fixed cost
($49,000)
Operating income
$37,800
Therefore, the best estimate of the company's net operating income is $37,800
WHAT IS THE SUPPLY CHAIN FRAMEWORK'S IN OKADA? WHAT IS THE MODEL ?
企業が有利子負債を持っていると、（）から資本コストが安くなる。
1. 配当成長効果
2. リスク低減効果
3. 課税効果
4. 節税効果
5. 割引抑制効果
Answer:
this word is not in english plz write in english
A pre-determined overhead rate includes:_____.
a. estimated total manufacturing overhead cost in the numerator.
b. only the fixed portion of the estimated manufacturing overhead cost in the numerator.
c. only the variable portion of the estimated manufacturing overhead cost in the numerator.
d. estimated total manufacturing overhead cost in the denominator.
Answer:
a. estimated total manufacturing overhead cost in the numerator.
Explanation:
The formula to compute the pre-determined overhead rate is shown below;
As we know that
Pre-determined overhead rate is
= Estimated total manufacturing overhead cost ÷ estimated activity level
Here estimated activity level can be estimated direct labor hours, estimated machine hours etc
Therefore the option a is correct
Say that investment increases by $60 for each interest rate drop of 1 percent. Say also that the expenditures multiplier is 4. If the money multiplier is 5, and each 5-unit change in the money supply changes the interest rate by 1 percent, what open market policy would you recommend to increase income by $240
On October 1, Ebony Ernst organized Ernst Consulting; on October 3, the owner contributed $83,540 in assets in exchange for its common stock to launch the business. On October 31, the company’s records show the following items and amounts. Retained earnings, October 1 as $0.
Cash $12,650 Cash dividends $1,570
Accounts receivable 13,520 Consulting revenue 13,520
Office supplies 2,850 Rent expense 3,110
Land 45,940 Salaries expense 6,490
Office equipment 17,530 Telephone expense 850
Accounts payable 8,110 Miscellaneous expenses 660
Common stock 83,540
Required:
Using the above information prepare an October 31 balance sheet for Emst Consulting ERNST.
Solution :
Particulars Amount
Consulting revenue $13,520
Less: Expenses
Rent Expense ($3,110)
Salaries Expense ($6,490)
Telephone Expense ($850)
Miscellaneous Expense ($660)
Net Profit $2,410
Statement of Retained Earnings
Particulars Amount
Retained Earnings $2,410
Less : Cash Dividend ($1,570)
Net Retained Earnings $840
Ernst Consulting Balance Sheet as of October 31
Assets Amount Liabilities Amount
Current Assets Current Liabilities
Cash $12,650 Accounts Payable $8,110
Office Supplies $2,850
Accounts Receivable $13,520
Non-Current Assets Equity
Office Equipment $17,350 Common Stock $83,540
Land $45,940 Retained Earnings $840
Total $92,490 Total $92,490
Most labor economists believe that the supply of labor is a. less elastic than the demand, and, therefore, firms bear most of the burden of the payroll tax. b. more elastic than the demand, and, therefore, firms bear most of the burden of the payroll tax. c. more elastic than the demand, and, therefore, workers bear most of the burden of the payroll tax. d. less elastic than the demand, and, therefore, workers bear most of the burden of the payroll tax.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price of the good.
Price elasticity of demand = percentage change in quantity demanded / percentage change in price
If the absolute value of price elasticity is greater than one, it means demand is elastic. Elastic demand means that quantity demanded is sensitive to price changes.
Demand is inelastic if a small change in price has little or no effect on quantity demanded. The absolute value of elasticity would be less than one
Demand is unit elastic if a small change in price has an equal and proportionate effect on quantity demanded.
Infinitely elastic demand is perfectly elastic demand. Demand falls to zero when price increases
Perfectly inelastic demand is demand where there is no change in the quantity demanded regardless of changes in price.
The supply of labour usually exceeds the demand for labour. So, the supply of labour is less elastic. as a result workers bear the burden of tax
Economists in general believe that supply of labor is a. less elastic than the demand, and, therefore, firms bear most of the burden of the payroll tax.
Why is the supply of labor less elastic?Even when employees change the amount they pay people, there will still be others who don't mind working at the new rate.
Supply of labor therefore doesn't change much when rates are changed. This allows employers to pass on payroll tax easily to workers.
In conclusion, option A is correct.
Find out more on labor elasticity at https://brainly.com/question/7432811.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INFORMATION IN MARKETING
Answer:
u r answer
Explanation:
Marketing information and research address the need for quicker, yet more accurate, decision making by the marketer. These tools put marketers close to their customers to help them understand who they customers are, what they want, and what competitors are doing.
Princess Cruise Company (PCC) purchased a ship from Mitsubishi Heavy Industry. PCC owes Mitsubishi Heavy Industry 500 million yen in one year. The current spot rate is 124 yen per dollar and the one-year forward rate is 110 yen per dollar. The annual interest rate is 5% in Japan and 8% in the U.S. PCC can also buy a one-year call option on yen at the strike price of $.0081 per yen for a premium of .014 cents per yen.
Required:
a. Compute the future dollar costs of meeting this obligation using the money market and forward hedges.
b. Assuming that the forward exchange rate is the best predictor of the future spot rate, compute the expected future dollar cost of meeting this obligation when the option hedge is used.
c. At what future spot rate do you think PCC may be indifferent between the option and forward hedge?
Answer:
Explanation:
a)
In the case of forwarding hedge:
The future dollar cost will be = FX receiveable ÷ Foward exchange rate
= 500 million yen ÷ 110 yen/dollar
= $4.55 million
For money market hedge:
Present value of yen payable = [tex]500 \ yen \div (1+ \dfrac{5}{100})[/tex]
[tex]= \dfrac{500 \ yen }{1.06}[/tex]
= 476.20 million yen
PCC would convert dollars to yens at the spot market rate and borrow yen such that it would get 500 million yen at maturity(i.e after one year) for Mitsubishi to receive it.
Dollars needed to get these yen = 476.30 yen ÷ 124 yen/dollar
= $3.84 million
Future Value of these dollars (for comparison with the foward market hedge) = $3.84 × (1 + 0.08)
= $4.15 million
Hence, the money market hedge is better as the dollar cost is lower than the forward market hedge to meet the obligation.
b)
On the maturity date, the spot rate is 110 yen/dollar
Ad the strike price = 0.0081 /dollar
It is better for the company to go for the strike price due to the fact that it has a lower rate than the spot rate.
Now;
The premium amount = 500000000 yen × 0.014 dollar / yen
= 70000 dollars
However; the Future dollar-cost payable = 500000000 yen × 0.0081 dollar /yen
= 4050000 dollars
By applying option hedge, the total dollar cost required to meet the obligation = (4050000 + 70000) dollars
= 4120000 dollars
c)
The dollar cost needed from the option hedge required to matching the forward hedge is determined by subtracting it from the premium amount:
Thus;
for option hedge, dollar cost needed = (4550000 - 70000) dollars
= 4480000 dollars
The required future spot rate = 500000000/4480000
= 111.61 yen/dollar
As a result, at the future spot rate of 111.61 yen/dollar, PCC will be unconcerned about and indifferent about the option or forward hedge because the future dollar cost of meeting the obligation will be the same.
