The scenario that was described of the effect of gene u on gene h is an example of recessive epistasis of u over h.
The correct option is C.
What is recessive epistasis?This type of epistasis, where one gene masks the expression of another gene, is known as recessive epistasis of u over h.
The fact that pigs with wings are always homozygous at gene u (u1u1) suggests that the presence of this allele is necessary for wing development. In addition, the presence of the homozygous recessive genotype (u2u2) likely results in no wing development.
The fact that allele h4 codes for grey feathers and is dominant over allele h5, which codes for white feathers, suggests that the expression of h determines feather color in pigs with wings. Therefore, the expression of h is dependent on the presence of the u1 allele.
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Which of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose directly requires the use of oxygen?a. glycolysisb. citric acid cyclec. electron transport chaind. acetyl CoA conversione. None of these require oxygen.
In the breakdown of glucose, the electron transport chain is the step that directly requires the use of oxygen.
This process requires molecular oxygen (O2) to transfer electrons from the final protein in the electron transport chain to oxygen. Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This reaction produces water, which is excreted from the body.
The energy produced from the electron transfer is used to pump protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, forming a gradient called the proton motive force. This energy is then used to create ATP from ADP via the process of oxidative phosphorylation.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, where glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvate can be converted into lactic acid or ethanol. The citric acid cycle or Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, where acetyl CoA is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Acetyl CoA conversion occurs when pyruvate is converted into acetyl CoA, which can enter the citric acid cycle. This conversion occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. None of these require oxygen as they can still occur without oxygen.
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many people dislike the taste of leafy greens such as kale or mustard greens. this makes sense, because these vegetables activate ____ taste receptors, which are also activated in response to plants that are toxic.
many people dislike the taste of leafy greens such as kale or mustard greens. this makes sense, because these vegetables activate bitter taste receptors, which are also activated in response to plants that are toxic.
What exactly is taste receptor activation?Taste receptor binding causes gustatory G-protein activation, intracellular Ca2+ release, TRPM5 activation, depolarization, activation of voltage-gated Na+ channels (VGNC), and release of ATP, which stimulates purinergic receptors on afferent fibers, resulting in taste perception.
It allows animals to avoid exposure by communicating the presence of poisons in meals, particularly unpleasant defensive chemicals contained in plants. TAS2Rs, a class of G protein-coupled receptors expressed on the surface of taste buds in vertebrates, begin bitter perception.
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Two pairs of mucosal folds are found in the larynx. Which pair are the true vocal cords(superior or inferior)?
The true vocal cords are the pair of inferior mucosal folds located in the larynx which are made up of layers of elastic fibers and muscle fibers.
These pair of inferior mucosal folds are responsible for producing sound when air is expelled from the lungs. The superior mucosal folds are false vocal cords, which are not involved in sound production. Instead, they are located higher up in the larynx and are responsible for protecting the true vocal cords from injury or damage. The superior vocal cords are composed of a thicker and more elastic tissue than the false vocal cords. The true vocal cords vibrate to produce sound when air is forced through them.
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In the 14th century, the bubonic plague killed more than 2/3 of Europeans. The plague was transmitted by fleas who were infected by rats and would inject a bacteria into the bloodstream that shuts down a person's immune system. While not as common today, the bubonic plague still exists, infecting around a thousand people a year. There are about seven cases in the United States each year, many of those in Arizona and New Mexico. Scientists have discovered that the bacteria works by affecting signaling pathways in the immune system. Scientists discovered that the bacteria causes a reduced response of the immune system. Based on this information, which part of the cell signaling pathway would you predict is being affected? reception transduction o response termination Question 4 1 pts In the 14th century, the bubonic plague killed more than 2/3 of Europeans. The plague was transmitted by fleas who were infected by rats and would inject a bacteria into the bloodstream that shuts down a person's immune system. While not as common today, the bubonic plague still exists, infecting around a thousand people a year. There are about seven cases in the United States each year, many of those in Arizona and New Mexico. Scientists have discovered that the bacteria works by affecting signaling pathways in the immune system. Scientists discovered that the bacteria causes a reduced response of the immune system. Based on this information, what would you predict is happening? The bacteria is amplifying immune response. The bacteria is blocking initiation of immune response. The bacteria is not affecting immune response. The bacteria is preventing termination of immune response.
A) After reading all these information, response is the part of cell signaling pathway I would predict is being affected. So, the correct choice for answer is option (c).
B) After reading all these information, i would predict the bacteria is preventing initiation of immune response is happening. So, correct choice for answer is option (d).
A) When a normal human body that is not affected by bubonic plague comes in contact of any pathogen, the immune system develops a response against it in order to ensure our healthy survival. The bacteria responsible for bubonic plague is affecting the response of the immune system. As a result of this, the immune system of the affected patients are not responding normally as it would have otherwise to the common pathogens coming in contact of the body. Hence, the correct option for the firs question is the third one, 'response'.
B) Based on the information shared in the question, it can be concluded that the bubonic plague directly hampers the immune response of the body. As a result of this, even ordinary infections can become fatal for the body of affected individuals. There are primary and secondary immune responses that our immunity displays for the first time and subsequent infections by a pathogen. But, it has been observed that immunity is not developing in the individuals who are affected by bubonic plague. Hence, the second option is correct, that states 'the bacteria is preventing initiation of immune response'.
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Complete question:
A) In the 14th century, the bubonic plague killed more than 2/3 of Europeans. The plague was transmitted by fleas who were infected by rats and would inject a bacteria into the bloodstream that shuts down a person's immune system. While not as common today, the bubonic plague still exists, infecting around a thousand people a year. There are about seven cases in the United States each year, many of those in Arizona and New Mexico. Scientists have discovered that the bacteria works by affecting signaling pathways in the immune system. Scientists discovered that the bacteria causes a reduced response of the immune system. Based on this information, which part of the cell signaling pathway would you predict is being affected?
a) reception
b)transduction
c) response
d) termination
B) Question 4 1 pts In the 14th century, the bubonic plague killed more than 2/3 of Europeans. The plague was transmitted by fleas who were infected by rats and would inject a bacteria into the bloodstream that shuts down a person's immune system. While not as common today, the bubonic plague still exists, infecting around a thousand people a year. There are about seven cases in the United States each year, many of those in Arizona and New Mexico. Scientists have discovered that the bacteria works by affecting signaling pathways in the immune system. Scientists discovered that the bacteria causes a reduced response of the immune system. Based on this information, what would you predict is happening?
a) The bacteria is amplifying immune response. b)The bacteria is blocking initiation of immune response.
c) The bacteria is not affecting immune response. d) The bacteria is preventing termination of immune response.
The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of autoimmunity?
a) The normal protective immune response attacks the body, damaging tissues.
b) A deficiency results from improper development of immune cells or tissues.
c) The body produces inappropriate or exaggerated responses to specific antigens.
d) The body overproduces immunoglobulins.
In the context of conservation biology, what does genetic diversity mean? a. The total number of species in a given region. b. Number and relative frequency of alleles in a population, species, or lineage. c. A quantity summarzing the average genetic difference between two randomly chosen individuals in a population. d. The number and relative frequency of species in a given region.
In the context of conservation biology, genetic diversity refers to the number and relative frequency of alleles in a population, species, or lineage. So, option B is correct.
The variety in genetic material within and between populations of a species is reflected by genetic diversity, which is a crucial component of biodiversity. Populations with genetic diversity can adapt to shifting environmental conditions, fend off disease, and avoid the detrimental consequences of inbreeding, genetic drift, and other factors that can make populations less fit. For species and ecosystems to survive over the long term, genetic diversity must be preserved.
Option (b) correctly defines genetic diversity as the number and relative frequency of alleles in a population, species, or lineage, while the other options are incorrect.
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Read each of the tissue descriptions below. Then click and drag them into the appropriate category to identify from which primary germ layer each was derived. -The muscles that make your hair stand up
-The ductus deferense - The lining of the esophageal lumen
-The gland where esophageal lumen T-lymphocytes mature -The biceps brachi -The lining of up -The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder -The lumenal lining of the proximal convoluted tubule -The tissue that sedretes cortisol -The lateral rectus muscles
Primary germ layer each was derived as follows:
The muscles that make your hair stand up are derived from the mesoderm. The ductus deferens are derived from the mesoderm. The gland where esophageal lumen T-lymphocytes mature is derived from the endoderm. The biceps brachii is derived from the mesoderm. The lining of the esophageal lumen is derived from the endoderm. The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder is derived from the endoderm. The lumenal lining of the proximal convoluted tubule is derived from the endoderm. The tissue that secretes cortisol is derived from the mesoderm. The lateral rectus muscles are derived from the mesoderm.
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Classify the items with the appropriate region of the pharynx. Nasopharynx Superiormost portion Houses auditory tube openings Inferiormost portion Location of pharyngeal tonsil Location of the lingual tonsils Lined with pseudostratified Oropharynx ciliated columnar epithelium Location of the palatine Laryngopharynx tonsils
Please, for clarity and better understanding, so as not to muddle up the answer, let's go ahead with the explanation of the pharynx, and the classification that suit the problem.
What is the pharynx?The pharynx, also known as the throat, is a muscular tube-shaped structure that connects the nasal and oral cavities to the esophagus and larynx. It is located in the neck and is involved in the respiratory and digestive systems. The pharynx is divided into three regions: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx, each with different functions and structures.
Nasopharynx:Superiormost portion
Houses auditory tube openings
Location of pharyngeal tonsil
Lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Oropharynx:Inferiormost portion
Location of the palatine tonsils
Lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
Laryngopharynx:Location of the lingual tonsils
Lined with non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
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who is known as the father of taxonomy, who developed our modern system of naming organisms?
during bypass surgery that is used as a treatment for severe obesity, surgeons seal off or remove part of the stomach. the remaining stomach then produces:
During bypass surgery that is used as a treatment for severe obesity, surgeons seal off or remove part of the stomach. The remaining stomach then produces gastric juices and enzymes.
The remaining stomach produces gastric juices and enzymes after bypass surgery that is used as a treatment for severe obesity. When part of the stomach is sealed off or removed, the digestive system is altered, resulting in a reduced appetite and increased feelings of fullness. It aids in the reduction of food intake, which contributes to weight loss.
Obesity is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. People who are obese are more likely to develop severe health issues such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension, among others. The risk of death from these health issues is much higher among people who are overweight or obese than among people who are of normal weight.
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how many total gametes are produced after both meisois 1 and 2?
Answer:
Homologue pairs separate during a first round of cell division, called meiosis I. Sister chromatids separate during a second round, called meiosis II. Since cell division occurs twice during meiosis, one starting cell can produce four gametes (eggs or sperm).
Explanation:
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what is the function of chromoplast
Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries. Freud would predict that, as an adult, Jessica will ________.a. become sexually promiscuousb. be well adjustedc. be passived. rebel against authority figures
Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries. Freud would predict that, as an adult, Jessica will be passive.The correct answer is c.
According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, a child's first relationships are with its mother, and it is in these relationships that the ego emerges. The id, ego, and superego are the three components of the mind (conscious and unconscious) that have an impact on behavior.
The id is the instinctual side of the psyche that is driven by the need for immediate gratification, while the ego is the logical side of the psyche that helps to mediate the conflict between the id and the superego.The parents of Baby Jessica's are providing her with immediate gratification by responding to her every need as soon as she cries.
Freud would predict that Jessica would be passive as an adult because she would not be learning how to delay gratification, which is a critical skill for developing a healthy ego. Delaying gratification involves recognizing that immediate gratification may not be the best course of action in the long term.
In conclusion, Baby Jessica's parents respond to her every need as soon as she cries. Freud would predict that Jessica would be passive as an adult because she would not be learning how to delay gratification, which is a critical skill for developing a healthy ego.
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how do properties of amino acids affect the function of proteins?
Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Each protein is composed of a unique combination of amino acids, and the composition of these amino acids affects the protein's structure, stability, and function.
Properties of amino acidsThe properties of the amino acids, such as the hydrophobicity or polarity of their side chains, determine the overall shape and charge of the protein, which in turn affects the way the protein interacts with other molecules and its function in the cell. For example, some amino acids possess acidic or basic side chains, which allow the protein to act as an enzyme, binding to and catalyzing chemical reactions.
Other amino acids are hydrophobic and can help the protein fold into a specific structure that is necessary for its function. In this way, the properties of the amino acids determine the structure and function of proteins.
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Alternative forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of homologous chromosomes best describe which of the following? (a) loci (b) phenotypes (c) genotypes (d) alleles.
Alternative forms of a gene having the same position on a pair of homologous chromosomes are best described as alleles. So, option D is correct.
A gene's allele is a variant form that develops via mutation and is present at the same locus on a chromosome. Alleles can exhibit various phenotypes, or observable qualities, depending on how their DNA is sequenced. An individual's genotype is the collection of alleles found in their genome.
The genotype of an individual, which in turn influences their observable traits or phenotypes, is determined by the alleles, which are different variants of a gene that share the same location (locus) on a pair of homologous chromosomes.
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Classify each of the following simple carbohydrates as disaccharides or monosaccharides.
Carbohydrates are one of the three main macronutrients that provide energy to the body, along with fats and proteins. They are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms and can be classified into several categories based on their chemical structure, including monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides.
Here are the classifications for the given simple carbohydrates:
Glucose - MonosaccharideSucrose - DisaccharideFructose - MonosaccharideMaltose - DisaccharideGalactose - MonosaccharideLactose - DisaccharideMonosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates and cannot be hydrolyzed into smaller carbohydrates. Examples include glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Disaccharides, on the other hand, are made up of two monosaccharides joined together by a glycosidic bond. Examples include sucrose (glucose + fructose), maltose (glucose + glucose), and lactose (glucose + galactose). Disaccharides can be hydrolyzed into their component monosaccharides.
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Frieda is in tenth grade and decides to try out for the track team. Which of the following is anexample of selection?Frieda decides that trying out for the track team is more important than studying for her mathtest.Frieda plans to run four days a week to train for the team.Frieda asks another student on the track team to help her train.Frieda misses one of her training sessions and decides to give up some of her allotted free timeto train
The following is an example of selection: Frieda decides that trying out for the track team is more important than studying for her math test.
Selection is the process of selecting or rejecting an object on the basis of certain criteria. It is defined as the process of choosing or rejecting something based on certain criteria. Thus, in the given question, Frieda decides that trying out for the track team is more important than studying for her math test is an example of selection.Selection is one of the essential tools used in statistics to arrive at a conclusion. In this process, we select a few samples from a population for statistical analysis.Frieda planning to run four days a week to train for the team, Frieda asking another student on the track team to help her train, and Frieda missing one of her training sessions and deciding to give up some of her allotted free time to train are not examples of selection.Learn more about statistical analysis: https://brainly.com/question/17663093
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Why is fermentation a required pathway for providing cellular energy when oxygen is unavailable or in insufficient supply? NAD is not regenerated by the electron transport chain. ATP production requires oxygen. NADH cannot be reduced to NAD Cells need either lactic acid or ethanol when oxygen is low, Lactic acid or ethanol can be used to generate oxygen.
Fermentation is a crucial pathway for providing cellular energy when oxygen is unavailable or in insufficient supply, as it allows cells to continue generating ATP by regenerating NAD+ and allowing glycolysis to continue.
Because it enables the regeneration of the oxidized form of the electron transport molecule NAD+, which is necessary for glycolysis to proceed, fermentation is a necessary mechanism for supplying cellular energy when oxygen is missing or in inadequate supply. Pyruvate is produced from glucose during glycolysis, and NAD+ is reduced to NADH. The electron transport chain's ability to convert NADH back into NAD+ in the presence of oxygen permits glycolysis to continue creating ATP. The electron transport chain, on the other hand, is unable to work when oxygen is lacking or insufficiently present, and NADH builds up, which can inhibit glycolysis.
By oxidizing NADH back to NAD during fermentation, NAD+ can be replenished, allowing glycolysis to continue generating ATP. Certain cells, like muscle cells and some microbes, can employ fermentation to make lactic acid or ethanol as end products in the absence of oxygen, allowing them to generate ATP without the need for oxygen.
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What does it mean by Peptide bond?
Answer:
A covalent bond is produced by connecting the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another while removing a molecule of water.
Explanation:
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Why do X-linked recessive conditions affect more males than females?
X-linked recessive conditions affect more males than females because males have only one X chromosome, while females have two X chromosomes.
This means that if a male inherits a defective X chromosome from his mother, he will not have another normal X chromosome to compensate for the defective one. On the other hand, if a female inherits one defective X chromosome from either parent, she will still have a normal X chromosome to compensate, and she will not express the disorder.
The genes that are present on the X chromosome are called X-linked genes. Since males have only one X chromosome, X-linked recessive traits are more common in males. They have no other copy of the X chromosome to mask the defective genes, while females have two X chromosomes, and if the one has the defect, the other can compensate, resulting in a carrier female. Females are less likely to express X-linked recessive diseases because they must inherit two copies of the defective gene, one from each parent, which is very unlikely, whereas males can only inherit one copy of the X chromosome. As a result, males are more likely to develop X-linked recessive diseases than females.
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Lesson 4 Invertebrate Evolution and Diversity 1
I need help with this lesson if anyone could help me today
Invertebrate don't have or develop a vertebral column, also known as a backbone or chine. Insects, spiders, prawns, draggers, oysters, squids, octopuses, earthworms, moochers, and doormat are all exemplifications of pets.
Elaboration of Invertebrate
The first bitsy critter appeared in the ocean3.5 billion times agone . The first pets were born in the water. Cambrians, for illustration, were soft- bodied creatures with a carapace or shell.
Brute bracket
The elaboration of pets has established numerous abecedarian characteristics of advanced organisms, from the foremost sponger species to the more recent echinoderms.
What's biodiversity, and why is it important?
Biodiversity refers to the cornucopia and diversity of life on the earth, and it's our earth's most complicated and vital characteristic. Life couldn't live without biodiversity.
Biodiversity bracket
Diversity is classified into three orders
inheritable Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecological Biodiversity
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Complete Question:
What are Evolution of Invertebrates: Symmetry & Specialization? Also mention what is biodiversity?
Neurons have processes called ______ that receive signals from other neurons.
Neurons have processes called dendrites that receive signals from other neurons.
Dendrites are branched structures that extend from the neuron's cell body and are the main points of contact between a neuron and its neighbors. They receive signals in the form of electrical impulses and chemicals called neurotransmitters from other neurons, and they then transmit this information to the neuron's cell body. The cell body then decides whether the neuron will send a signal down its axon to other neurons. In summary, dendrites are the input points of neurons, receiving information from other neurons and then relaying this information to the neuron's cell body.
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Place the steps involved in the process of bacterial transformation in the correct order.A. Donor cell lysis, B. donor cell binds to receptor site on recipient cell, C. one strand of donor cell DNA is degraded, D. transformed DNA Pairs with homologous region on recipient cell, E. then recombines with recipient cell
Correct order- Lysis of donor cells. The receptor on the recipient cell is tied by the donor cell. There is the degradation of one donor cell DNA strand. transformed DNA forms pairs with the recipient cell's homologous region. then fuses with the recipient cell once more.
For an allogenic transplant, stem cells are obtained from a donor. The patient receives the stem cells from the donor after receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Another name for this is an ALLO transplant. During an ALLO transplant, a lot of people have a "graft-versus-cancer cell effect."
The recipient patient receives healthy stem cells from a healthy donor, which are then replaced by the healthy stem cells in the recipient patient's blood and immune systems. Patients whose bone marrow (stem cell factory) has failed as a result of an illness, chemotherapy, or radiation treatment benefit from stem cell transplants.
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how is the natural system helpful to the world and others?
Answer: Natural systems provide for our fundamental survival needs. This may seem self-evident, yet it is alarming to realize that younger generations are growing up in homes that are farther away from their sources of concern, a source we schould all be worried about somtime in our life.
Explanation:
Who are the 2 scientists that influenced Darwin's theory of evolution?
The two scientists that influenced Darwin's theory of evolution are Thomas Malthus and Charles Lyell.
Evolution is defined as the process of gradual development or changes of an organism's features over time as a result of changes in genetic and environmental factors. The theory of evolution, as proposed by Charles Darwin, is the most widely recognized scientific theory that explains how organisms change and adapt to their surroundings.The theory of evolution proposes that all species on Earth have evolved from a single common ancestor through a process of natural selection. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, organisms that possess favorable characteristics for their environment are more likely to survive and pass on those characteristics to their offspring. Those organisms that are less well-suited to their environment will not survive and their traits will eventually be lost over time.In the development of his theory, Darwin was influenced by the works of several scientists including Thomas Malthus and Charles Lyell. Darwin incorporated their ideas into his own to produce the theory of evolution. Malthus argued that human population growth was limited by food supply, and this idea provided Darwin with the concept of natural selection. Lyell's work in geology proposed that the Earth's surface has been shaped over a long period of time by gradual processes, and this helped Darwin to understand the concept of slow changes in species over time.Learn more about Darwin's theory of evolution: https://brainly.com/question/1589147
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If conditions are not restore to optimal conditions, the enzymes of the body do not function correctly because they are _____________, potentially leading to organ failure and possible death.
If conditions are not restore to optimal conditions, the enzymes of the body do not function correctly because they are denatured, potentially leading to organ failure and possible death.
The term "denatured" is used to describe the condition of an enzyme that is unable to function properly. When an enzyme becomes denatured, it loses its structure and shape, which causes it to be unable to perform its intended function. This can happen due to a number of different factors, such as changes in temperature or pH levels. When an enzyme becomes denatured, it is unable to interact with the substrate that it is supposed to act on. As a result, the chemical reaction that the enzyme is supposed to catalyze cannot occur. This can lead to a number of different problems within the body, such as organ failure or even death, in extreme cases.
Therefore, it is very important to maintain optimal conditions for enzymes to function properly in the body. Denatured enzymes are unable to carry out their designated chemical reactions, and this can have drastic consequences on the body's metabolic processes.
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put the following steps in order for making a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell, beginning with the first step at the top of the list. instructions choice 1 of 5. the vesicle delivers the protein to the golgi apparatus, where the protein folds and is packaged in a vesicle for export from the cell. toggle button the vesicle delivers the protein to the golgi apparatus, where the protein folds and is packaged in a vesicle for export from the cell. choice 2 of 5. the mrna binds to a ribosome of the rough er and produces a protein, which exits the er in a vesicle. toggle button the mrna binds to a ribosome of the rough er and produces a protein, which exits the er in a vesicle. choice 3 of 5. in the nucleus, genes in the dna that encode the membrane protein are copied into a messenger rna (mrna). toggle button in the nucleus, genes in the dna that encode the membrane protein are copied into a messenger rna (mrna). choice 4 of 5. the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the protein to the extracellular environment. toggle button the vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the protein to the extracellular environment. choice 5 of 5. the mrna exits the nucleus through nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope. toggle button the mrna exits the nucleus through nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope.
The order for making a protein that will be exported from a eukaryotic cell is: (1) mRNA exits from the nucleus, (2) genes copied into mRNA, (3) mRNA binds a ribosome, (4) protein packaged in Golgi apparatus, (5) protein released.
The mRNA exits the nucleus through the nuclear pores of the nuclear envelope. In the nucleus, genes in the DNA that encode the membrane protein are copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA).
The mRNA binds to a ribosome of the rough ER and produces a protein, which exits the ER in a vesicle. The vesicle delivers the protein to the Golgi apparatus, where the protein folds and is packaged in a vesicle for export from the cell.
The vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and releases the protein to the extracellular environment.
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what is shift in vaginal flora suggestive of bacterial vaginosis meaning?
In bacterial vaginosis, the vaginal flora shifts from normal aerobic flora to anaerobic one.
Bacterial vaginosis is the condition where bacterial growth becomes excessive. The vagina normally harbors a variety of bacteria, but in limited quantities. This condition is characterized by the flow of vaginal discharge which has a distinct odor.
Vaginal flora refers to the bacteria living inside the vagina of females. These bacteria usually belong to the Lactobacillus species. The shift in there population occurs when the normal pH of the vagina is disturbed. This causes the bacteria to overgrow anaerobically and cause the disease.
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The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from
A. long-chain fatty acids
B. mucleaic acids
C. cholesterol
D. carbohydrates
E. amino acids
Option E. The The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from
What are amino acid?The two main classes of molecules that function as hormones are steroid hormones and hormones that are derived from amino acids.
Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, while hormones derived from amino acids include peptides, proteins, and amines.
Long-chain fatty acids and carbohydrates are not typically involved in hormone signaling.
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what happened to the e. coli cells you spread on the lb/ampicillin plates that did not contain a pclone plasmid?
The E. coli cells that were spread on the LB/Ampicillin plates that did not contain a pclone plasmid would not have been able to grow properly on the plates.
What is pclone plasmid?
The e. coli cells that were spread on the lb/ampicillin plates but did not contain a pclone plasmid would not have grown on the plates. The pclone plasmid is generally used to generate clones and for research purposes. E. coli cells that contain pclone plasmid are able to grow in the presence of ampicillin antibiotic, while the cells that do not contain pclone plasmid cannot grow in the presence of ampicillin antibiotic.
The growth of the E. coli cells on the LB/ampicillin plates would indicate that the cells have the pclone plasmid. Cells that did not grow on the plates would indicate that they did not have the plasmid.
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