What causes an ionic bond?
A. Two ions share electrons.
B. A positive ion is attracted to a negative ion.
C. A positive ion is attracted to a positive ion.
D. Two atoms share electrons.

Answer:

Extinction is natural in nature and its rate of occurrence has remained steady.

Explanation:

As of right now we are going through what is known as the sixt extinction, and human acticity is one of the Main causes. (which has never happened before our time) Species are going extinct at a rapid rate, and considering how all life is connected it makes it easy to understand why the extinction rates can increase due to a biotic factor (niche) being "removed". (:

Mammals are air-breathing, warm-blooded, and have a backbone, yet these characteristics do not distinguish them from the rest of the animal kingdom. Mammals have the ability to regulate their body temperature using their metabolism and sweat glands in a way that no other animal can.

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Answer:

The main cause of constipation is intake of a low fiber diet.the bulk and soft texture of fibre helps prevent hard dry stools that are difficult to pass thereby reducing constipation.

I hope this helps

Answer:

Insulin helps control blood glucose levels by signaling the liver and muscle and fat cells to take in glucose from the blood. Insulin therefore helps cells to take in glucose to be used for energy. If the body has sufficient energy, insulin signals the liver to take up glucose and store it as glycogen.

Explanation:

According to Hardy-Weinberg, when a population is in equilibrium, it will have the same allelic frequencies generation after generation, meaning that they are stable, they are not evolving.

When any evolutive force is acting on the population, this equilibrium breacks, and allelic and genotypic frequencies change through generations, differing from the expected ones.  

A) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 0.41

B) Option 6 is the correct answer ⇒ 120

C) Option 7 is the correct answer ⇒ 3.84

D) Option 1 is the correct answer ⇒ The class represents a population that is in H-W equilibrium

E) Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for  the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.

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Allelic frequencies in a locus are represented as p and q, referring to the

allelic dominant or recessive forms. The genotypic frequencies after one generation are p² (H0m0zyg0us  dominant), 2pq (H3ter0zygous), q² (H0m0zyg0us recessive). Populations in H-W equilibrium will get the same

allelic frequencies generation after generation.

The sum of the allelic frequencies equals 1, this is p + q = 1.

In the same way, the sum of genotypic frequencies equals 1, this is

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Being

 p the dominant allelic frequency,

 q the recessive allelic frequency,

 p² the h0m0zyg0us dominant genotypic frequency

 q² the h0m0zyg0us recessive genotypic frequency

 2pq the h3ter0zyg0us genotypic frequency

Situation: Through PCR, we have determined the PER3 genotypes for a class of students as follows:

 H4/H4 = 125 individuals;

 H4/H5 = 85 individuals;

 H5/H5=24 individuals.

⇒ Total number of individuals= 125 + 85 + 24 = 234

⇒ Genotypic frequencies, F(xx):

 F(H4/H4) = 125/234 =0.534

 F(H4/H5) = 85/234 = 0.363

 F(H5/H5) = 24/234 = 0.102

⇒ Allelic frequencies, f(x):

 f(H4) = p = F(H4/H4) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.534 + 0.363/2 = 0.534 + 0.182 = 0.716

 f(H5) = q = F(H5/H5) + 1/2 F(H4/H5) = 0.102 + 0.363/2 = 0.102 + 0.182 = 0.284

Questions:

A)  According to the theoreticall frame, we know that 2pq is the h3ter0zygous genotypic frequency. So,  

F(H4/H5) = 2pq = 2 x 0.716 x 0.284 = 0.408 ≅ 0.41 ⇒ Option 7 is the correct answer.

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B)  According to the theoreticall frame, we know that p² is the h0m0zyg0us genotypic frequency. So,

p = 0.716

p² = 0.5126 ≅ 0.513 ⇒ This is the genotypic frequency.

To calculate the number of individuals carrying this genotype, we need to multiply it by the total number of

individuals.

H4/H4 individuals = p² x total number of individuals = 0.513 x 234 = 120

Option 6 is the correct answer.

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C)  Up to here we know that 2pq = 0.41 and p² = 0.513

Now we need to calculate q ²

q = 0.284, then q² = 0.284² = 0.08

These are the expected frequencies if the population was in H-W equilibrium.

The expected number of individuals with each genotype are:

 H4/H4 = 0.513 x 234 = 120 individuals

 H4/H5 = 0.41 x 234 = 96 individuals

 H5/H5= 0.08 x 234 = 18 individuals

The observed number of individuals with each genotype are:

 H4/H4 = 125 individuals

 H4/H5 = 85 individuals

 H5/H5=24 individuals

X² = ∑ (Observed - Expected)²/Expected)

X² = ((125-120)²/120) + ((85 - 96)²/96) + ((24-18)²/18)

X² = 0.21 + 1.26 + 2 =

X² = 3.47

The clossest option is option 7 = 3.84. The difference might be related to decimals and rounding.

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D)  The correct answer is  1 ⇒ The whole class represents a population that is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

The null hypothesis always predict that populations are in H-W equilibrium.

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E)  

 X² = 3.47

 Freedom degrees = n - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

 Table p value: 7.82

 Significance level, 5% = 0.05

 Table value/Critical value = 5.991

5.991 > 0.347

Meaning that the difference between the observed individuals and the expected individuals is statistically  significant. Not probably to have differe by random chances. There is enough evidence to reject the null

hypothesis.

Option 1 is correct. Comparing the value of Chi-square that I calculated with the critical value of Chi-square for  the appropriate degrees of freedom I conclude that P>0.05. Hence, I reject the null hypothesis.

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Answer:

it should be an true statement

Answer:

ok where is it

we can help only if there is something attached

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Nitrogen is a fundamental component of both inorganic and organic compounds, where it is the main constituent of biomolecules such as nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and proteins. The nitrogen cycle refers to the biogeochemical processes by which nitrogen circulates between the components of an ecosystem, i.e., between organisms (like plants and decomposers), and non-living things (i.e., soil, water, air). This cycle consists of several processes which include, among others, nitrogen fixation (i.e., the process by which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia), nitrification (i.e., the oxidation of ammonia is oxidized into nitrite and subsequent transformation of nitrites into nitrates), denitrification (where nitrate is reduced), anaerobic ammonia oxidation and putrefaction.

Answer:

Vitamins and minerals are considered essential nutrients—because acting in concert, they perform hundreds of roles in the body. They help shore up bones, heal wounds, and bolster your immune system. They also convert food into energy, and repair cellular damage.

Nitrogenous base DNA consists of four unique nucleotides that each contain one unique nitrogenous base—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).

The specific arrangement of these four bases within the DNA of each organism gives that organism its unique traits; here are the arrangements:

-Adenine is paired with Thymine (think of A for apple and T for tree)

-Cytosine is paired with Guanine (think of C for car and G for garage)

search "DNA base pairs" and go to images for better understanding

The part of the nucleotides' structure is responsible for the incredible variation that exists among all types of organisms are Nitrogenous base DNA consists of four unique nucleotides that each contain one unique nitrogenous base—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).

DNA is a nucleic acid involved in heredity, or the passing down of genetic traits from one generation to the next. DNA consists of four different types of nucleotide monomers.

The specific arrangement of these four bases within the DNA of each organism gives that organism its unique traits and here are the arrangements are mentioned below:

Therefore, The part of the nucleotides' structure is responsible for the incredible variation that exists among all types of organisms are Nitrogenous base DNA consists of four unique nucleotides that each contain one unique nitrogenous base—adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).

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Answer:

C. It is double stranded, so each side serves as a template for a new strand

Explanation:

The structure of DNA is double stranded, so each side serves as a template for a new strand. The correct option is C.

Replication is the procedure by which the DNA of the genetic code is copied in cells.

Before dividing, a cell must duplicate (or replicate) its a whole genome so that each eventually results daughter cell has its own entire genome.

The DNA replicates itself multiple times during the process of replication. It is a biological polymerization that goes through the steps of commencement, elongation, and termination.

The reaction is catalyzed by enzymes. The main enzyme in the process of replication is DNA Polymerase.

DNA replication occurs in eukaryotic cells' interphase nuclei. At the S-stage (synthesizing) of the cell cycle, DNA replication occurs prior to mitosis.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

3. All the species that live in a habitat.

A community is where all the species live in a habitat. Hence the correct option is 1.

A community is an ecological term that encompasses all the different species of organisms that coexist and interact within a specific habitat or geographic area. It includes plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that share the same environment and form intricate ecological relationships with each other.

These relationships can be competitive, predatory, symbiotic, or other forms of interactions that influence the dynamics and structure of the community. Understanding the composition and interactions within a community is vital in studying the biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and overall health of a given habitat.

Hence the correct option is 1.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

In plants, hormones travel large throughout the body via the vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) and cell-to-cell via plasmodesmata. In contrast, many animal hormones are produced only in specific glands. Plants do not have specialized hormone-producing glands.

Answer:

2KNO3

Explanation:

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hope it helps u

Answer:

The answer is B.) 2KNO3

Explanation:

Answer:

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The answer is...

C. Cell.

Hopefully, this helps you!!

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Explanation:

The disadvantage of a closed circulatory system is that with the blood always contained in vessels, it's under higher pressure. This means it can flow faster, which is necessary for supporting the metabolic rate of more complex animals such as vertebrates. Open circulatory systems are low-pressure systems that cannot meet the needs of a fast metabolism.

Answer:

if a special effects artist mixes two different liquids in a bowl and they both are too white !

after heats those liquids

its forms curd like substance

its either will be white, its can increase its colour as darkish white or lightly yellowishblack

when she heats the bowl, a new compound forms and it will be white before heating and after heating it may be white or other dark color.

A compound composed up of two or more elements which are chemically combined with a fixed proportion by their mass.

For example, Water, Sodium Chloride,  Ammonium Chloride etc.

They have fixed melting and  boiling points.

Formation of compound is a change in chemical reaction and the components of compound are mixed in a fixed proportion.

Two major types of compounds are covalent and ionic compounds.

Covalent compounds refers to formation of covalent bond among two nonmetals, like water or methane. These molecules are neutral and weak.

When metal react with non metal it form Ionic compounds, are held together by opposite charges, so the bond is stronger than covalent compound.

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Answer:

always active  

Explanation:

Phosphorylation is a posttranslational modification that consists of the addition of phosphate groups to specific amino acids on the protein. Phosphorylation acts as a molecular switch for proteins that are phosphorylated (i.e., in some situations phosphorylation acts to activate protein function, whereas in other situations phosphorylation can inactivate protein function). Phosphorylation modifies the three-dimensional structure of the protein, thereby affecting, for example, the accessibility of the active site of a phosphorylated enzyme to its substrate. Phosphorylation can occur only at the side chains of three amino acids: Serine, Threonine and Tyrosine. In this case, the enzyme is inactivated by phosphorylation on the Threonine residue, so it is expected that the mutant enzyme cannot be phosphorylated, remaining in an active state.

Answer:

The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system can be used to edit genes and correct mutations associated with inherited diseases. However, this technology also has the potential to edit genes in germline cells in order to irreversibly modify the human species and the natural evolution of life

Explanation:

The CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9) system is a natural prokaryotic defense system used by bacteria to defend against invading DNA. In the laboratory, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been repurposed to create a versatile genome-editing tool that allows us to modify the genome of mammalian cells in a targeted fashion. The CRISPR-Cas9 is a simple gene-editing tool that consists of a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that guides the Cas9 enzyme to the exact genomic location where Cas9 needs to make a cut, which is then repaired by different DNA repair mechanisms. During DNA repair, nucleotides can be replaced and/or deleted, thereby producing desired genomic modifications. The CRISPR-Cas9 has an enormous potential to repair mutations in genes associated with inherited genetic disorders and cancer (i.e., oncogenes might be reversed in vivo by using this technology). However, the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system is also a subject of concern due to its dual use. For example, this technology can be used to modify the genome of germline cells by inducing mutations that can be passed across generations, thereby irreversibly modifying human DNA and altering the normal course of evolution.

Positive feedback loop increases the response whereas a negative feedback loop decreases the response.

Positive feedback is the amplification of a body's response to a stimulus. For example, in childbirth, when the head of the fetus pushes up against the cervix (1) it stimulates a nerve impulse from the cervix to the brain (2).

A feedback mechanism resulting in the inhibition or the slowing down of a process.

Examples of processes that utilise negative feedback loops include homeostatic systems, such as thermoregulation (if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels), blood sugar regulation (insulin lowers blood glucose when levels are high ,glucagon raises blood glucose when levels are low).

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Answer:

we dont know sorry but i dont know

Haemopoiesis is from greek meaning “ to make. new blood” •

Explanation:

It refers to the formation of blood cellular. components.

Answer:

All forms of pollution pose a serious threat to biodiversity, but in particular nutrient loading, primarily of nitrogen and phosphorus, which is a major and increasing cause of biodiversity loss and ecosystem dysfunction. ... In addition, nitrogen compounds can lead to eutrophication of ecosystems.

Answer:

option B

Explanation:

Answer:

your initials

are the ones that should be in the MAR. since your the one who gave the medication.

Answer:

Catabolism

Explanation:

The process of catabolism degrades the bacterial and fungal enzymes into simple inorganic molecules.

A substance, without being a reactant, which speeds up a chemical process is referred to as a catalyst. Enzymes are known as catalysts for biological reactions in living organisms. Although ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules behave as enzymes, they are usual proteins. Enzymes.

Enzymes carry out the essential role of reducing the activated energy of a reaction — that is, the amount of energy needed to start the process. Enzymes work by attaching and retaining reactant molecules so that the chemical bonding and bonding activities are carried out more easily.