Answer:
Consumer behaviour is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and all the activities associated with the purchase, use and disposal of goods and services, and how the consumer's emotions, attitudes and preferences affect buying behaviour
It is sometimes suggested that the Fed should try to achieve price stability: that is, 0% inflation. If the velocity of money is constant, does zero-inflation mean the money supply should never change?
Answer:
Money supply should not change
Explanation:
Money supply should not change given that when the velocity ( flow ) of money is constant the Inflation is at zero ( 0% )
This is because the increase in supply of money without an appropriate increase in the economy of the country will be lead to inflation. To avoid any chance of inflation the velocity of money should remain constant.
MHhow is shortage of power supply affect the economy of South Africa
Answer:
The economic losses due to power interruptions are estimated to cost between one and five% of the GDP of countries across Sub-Saharan Africa. South Africa's GDP was forecast to grow less than one per cent last year, with the problems at Eskom being one of the main contributing factors.
Explanation:
Prepare journal entries to record each of the following sales transactions of EcoMart Merchandising.EcoMart uses a perpetual inventory system and the gross method.Oct. 1 Sold fair trade merchandise for $1,500, with credit terms n∕30, invoice dated October 1. Thecost of the merchandise is $900.6 The customer in the October 1 sale returned $150 of fair trade merchandise for full credit. Themerchandise, which had cost $90, is returned to inventory.9 Sold recycled leather merchandise for $700, with credit terms of 1∕10, n∕30, invoice datedOctober 9. Cost of the merchandise is $450.11 Received payment for the amount due from the October 1 sale less the return on October 6.
Answer:
EcoMart Merchandising
Journal Entries
Oct. 1 Debit Accounts Receivable $1,500
Credit Sales Revenue $1,500
To record the sale of goods on account with credit terms n∕30, invoice dated October 1.
Debit Cost of goods sold $900
Credit Inventory $900
To record the cost of goods sold.
Oct. 6 Debit Sales Returns $150
Credit Accounts Receivable $150
To record the return of some goods sold on account.
Debit Inventory $90
Credit Cost of goods sold $90
To record the cost of goods returned.
Oct. 9 Debit Accounts Receivable $700
Credit Sales Revenue $700
To record the sale of recycled goods with credit terms of 1∕10, n∕30, invoice dated October 9
Debit Cost of goods sold $450
Credit Inventory $450
To record the cost of the goods sold.
Oct. 11 Debit Cash $1,350
Credit Accounts Receivable $1,350
To record the receipt of cash on account.
Explanation:
a) Data and Analysis:
Oct. 1 Accounts Receivable $1,500 Sales Revenue $1,500 with credit terms n∕30, invoice dated October 1.
Cost of goods sold $900 Inventory $900
Oct. 6 Sales Returns $150 Accounts Receivable $150
Inventory $90 Cost of goods sold $90
Oct. 9 Accounts Receivable $700 Sales Revenue $700 with credit terms of 1∕10, n∕30, invoice dated October 9
Cost of goods sold $450 Inventory $450
Oct. 11 Cash $1,350 Accounts Receivable $1,350
The following labor standards have been established... The following labor standards have been established for a particular product: Standard labor hours per unit of output 4.4 hours Standard labor rate $ 16.70 per hour The following data pertain to operations concerning the product for the last month: Actual hours worked 5,200 hours Actual total labor cost $ 87,360 Actual output 1,100 units
Required:
a. What is the labor rate variance for the month?
b. What is the labor efficiency variance for the month? (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, "U" for unfavorable, and "None" for no effect (i.e., zero variance). Input all amounts as positive values.)
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Standard labor hours per unit of output 4.4 hours
Standard labor rate $ 16.70 per hour
Actual hours worked 5,200 hours
Actual total labor cost $ 87,360
Actual output 1,100 units
To calculate the direct labor efficiency and rate variance, we need to use the following formulas:
Direct labor rate variance= (Standard Rate - Actual Rate)*Actual Quantity
Direct labor rate variance= (16.7 - 16.8)*5,200
Direct labor rate variance= $520 unfavorable
Actual rate= 87,360/5,200= $16.8
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*standard rate
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= (1,100*4.4 - 5,200)*16.7
Direct labor time (efficiency) variance= $6,012 unfavorable
Countries join trade blocs such as NAFTA in order to
Answer:
The correct answer is C
Explanation:
Trade Agreements like NAFTA are mainly made in order to further the interests of the member countries. These trade agreements are partial dispositions that favor a more open economcy, and a freer movement of goods and services and of factors of production across sectors, and across countries.
Trade Agreements like NAFTA are complicated not only in structure but also in the developing phase, due to the conflicting interests of the signing countries. However, once they are made, they tend to have an overall positive economic effect according to most economists, even if some economic sectors may suffer disproportionately or even disappear entirely.
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Baby boomers in America are aging. Describe how this might affect the marketing mix for the business selected.
Answer and Explanation:
Baby boomers are the generation born between 1946 and 1964, after World War 2. They are known as "Baby boomers" because there was very high birth rate in that time. Depending on the business selected, the price, place,promotion and product(4ps) will be considered in arriving at the most suitable goods/services to sell to baby boomers. To better understand this, we would have to consider the habits typical of baby boomers. For example, baby boomers value relationships and family, and are also strong 9 to 5'ers with strong work ethics. Now we did have to factor this into our 4ps to know what would sell to them.
Find the present value of $3,900 under each of the following rates and periods: (Round your final answer to the nearest penny.) a. 8.9 percent compounded monthly for five years. Present value $ b. 6.6 percent compounded quarterly for eight years. Present value $ c. 4.3 percent compounded daily for four years. Present value $ d. 5.7 percent compounded continuously for three years. Present value $
Answer:
(a) 8.9 percent compounded monthly for five years is $2,503.32.
(b) 6.6 percent compounded quarterly for eight years is $2,310.09.
(c) 4.3 percent compounded daily for four years is $3,283.75.
(d) 5.7 percent compounded continuously for three years is $3,287.05
Explanation:
The Present Value is calculated by using:-
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)n
Here, r is the Interest Rate and n is the number of periods.
(a). 8.9 percent compounded monthly for five years:-
Future Value = $3,900
Interest Rate (r) = 0.741667% [8.90% / 12 Months])
Number period (n) = 60 Years [5 Years x 12]
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)n
[tex]= $3,900 / (1 + 0.00741667)60\\= $3,900 / 1.5579298\\= $2,503.32[/tex]
(b). 6.6 percent compounded quarterly for eight years:-
Future Value = $3,900
Interest Rate (r) = 1.65% [6.60% / 4]
Number period (n) = 32 Years [8 Years x 4]
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)n
[tex]= $3,900 / (1 + 0.0165)32\\= $3,900 / 1.688248\\= $2,310.09[/tex]
(c). 4.3 percent compounded daily for four years
Future Value = $3,900
Interest Rate (r) = 0.0117808% [4.30% / 365 Days]
Number period (n) = 1460 Years [4 Years x 365 Days]
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)n
[tex]= $3,900 / (1 + 0.000117808)1460\\\\= $3,900 / 1.187665\\\\= $3,283.75[/tex]
(d). 5.7 percent compounded continuously for three years
Future Value = $3,900
Interest Rate (r) = 0.0156164% [5.70% / 365 Days]
Number period (n) = 1095 Years [3 Years x 365 Days]
Present Value = Future Value / (1 + r)n
[tex]= $3,900 / (1 + 0.000156164)1095\\= $3,900 / 1.1864749\\= $3,287.05[/tex]
Determining opportunity cost
Juanita is deciding whether to buy a dress that she wants, as well as where to buy it. Three stores carry the same dress, but it is more convenient for Juanita to get to some stores than others. For example, she can go to her local store, located 15 minutes away from where she works, and pay a marked-up price of $102 for the dress:
Store Travel Time Each Way Price of a Dress
(Minutes) (Dollars per dress)
Local Department Store 15 102
Across Town 30 87
Neighboring City 60 63
Juanita makes $58 an hour at work. She has to take time off work to purchase her dress, so each hour away from work costs her $58 in lost income. Assume that returning to work takes Juanita the same amount of time as getting to a store and that it takes her 30 minutes to shop. As you answer the following questions, ignore the cost of gasoline and depreciation of her car when traveling. Complete the following table by computing the opportunity cost of Juanita's time and the total cost of shopping at each location.
Store Opportunity Cost of Time Price of a Suit Total Cost
(Dollars) (Dollars per suit) (Dollars)
Local Department Store 103
Across Town 88
Neighboring City 63
Assume that Juanita takes opportunity costs and the price of the suit into consideration when she shops. Juanita will minimize the cost of the suit if she buys it from the:______. .
1. The opportunity cost and total cost table is shown in the attached image below. 2. Juanita will minimize the cost of the dress if she buys it from the: Neighboring City.
The value of the next best alternative foregone when a decision is made to opt for resources like time, money, or effort to a certain option is known as opportunity cost. In other words, it is the cost of choosing one choice over another while considering the benefits and drawbacks of both options.
As there are only so many resources available, selecting one choice frequently implies forgoing its advantages. It's a manner of approaching decision-making that considers both the advantages and disadvantages of various options
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The complete question might be:
Determining opportunity cost Juanita is deciding whether to buy a dress that she wants, as well as where to buy it. Three stores carry the same dress, but it is more convenient for Juanita to get to some stores than others. For example, she can go to her local store, located 15 minutes away from where she works, and pay a marked-up price of $103 for the dress: Juanita makes $16 an hour at work. She has to take time off work to purchase her dress, so each hour away from work costs her $16 in lost income. Assume that returning to work takes Juanita the same amount of time as getting to a store and that it takes her 30 minutes to shop. As you answer the following questions, ignore the cost of gasoline and depreciation of her car when traveling.
1.Complete the following table by computing the opportunity cost of Juanita's time and the total cost of shopping at each location.
2. Assume that Juanita takes opportunity costs and the price of the dress into consideration when she shops. Juanita will minimize the cost of the dress if she buys it from the :______.
The direct labor budget of Yuvwell Corporation for the upcoming fiscal year contains the following details concerning budgeted direct labor-hours: 1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Budgeted direct labor-hours 9,200 8,800 9,100 9,500 The company uses direct labor-hours as its overhead allocation base. The variable portion of its predetermined manufacturing overhead rate is $3.50 per direct labor-hour and its total fixed manufacturing overhead is $60,000 per quarter. The only noncash item included in fixed manufacturing overhead is depreciation, which is $15,000 per quarter.
Required:
1. Prepare the company’s manufacturing overhead budget for the upcoming fiscal year.
2. Compute the company’s predetermined overhead rate (including both variable and fixed manufacturing overhead) for the upcoming fiscal year.
Answer:
Results are below.
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th
Quarter Budgeted direct labor-hours 9,200 8,800 9,100 9,500
The variable portion of its predetermined manufacturing overhead rate is $3.50 per direct labor hour.
Total fixed manufacturing overhead= $60,000
First, we need to calculate the total variable and fixed overhead for the year:
Total variable overhead= (9,200 + 8,800 + 9,100 + 9,500)*3.5= $128,100
Total fixed overhead= 60,000*4= $240,000
Total budgeted overhead= $368,100
Now, the predetermined overhead rate:
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= (240,000 / 36,600) + 3.5
Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $10.06 per direct labor hour
Someone offers to buy your car for five, equal annual payments, beginning 6 years from today. If you think that the present value of your car is $15,000.00 and the interest rate is 10%, what is the minimum annual payment that you would accept
Answer:
The minimum annual payment that you would accept is $7,010.
Explanation:
Using the future value formula, we have:
Future value of the car in 6 years = Present value * (100% + Interest rate)^number of years = $15,000 * (100% + 10%)^6 = $26,573.42
Using the present value of an ordinary annuity formula, we have:
Minimum annual payment = Future value of the car in 6 years / ((1 - (1 / (100% + Interest rate))^number of years to pay equal amount) / Interest rate) = $26,573.42 / ((1 - (1 / (100% + 10%))^5) / 10%) = $26,573.42 / 3.79078676940845 = $7,010
Therefore, the minimum annual payment that you would accept is $7,010.
Bart is a junior in college. He plans to invest equal, annual amounts starting 3 years from now for 5 consecutive years in order to accumulate a total of $50,000 at the end of 15 years. If the funds earn 8% per year, what is the required amount of each deposit?
Answer:
he gets alot
Explanation:
uh yeah uuuuuuhhh look it up on gogle or something
Prepare the journal entries to record the following transactions for Reese Company, which has a calendar year end and uses the straight-line method of depreciation
On September 30, 2017, the company sold old equipment for $46,000. The equipment was purchased on January 1, 2015, for $96,000 and was estimated to have a $16,000 salvage value at the end of its 5-year life. Depreciation on the equipment has been recorded through December 31, 2016.
Answer:
To explain the answer is given as follows,
Explanation:
A major difference between companies that provide services and companies that manufacture or sell goods is that those that manufacture or sell goods must account for: _______.
a. gains and losses
b. operating expenses
c. revenue
d. inventory
Answer:
d. inventory
Explanation:
Companies can either provide services (such as financial services, consultancy services, and so on), or engage in manufacturing and sales of products.
Bother of these types of companies must account for revenue, losses, and operating expenses.
However the feature unique to manufacturing and sales companies is that they must also account for inventory.
When products are manufactured they must be stored before being shipped out to middle men or consumers.
Companies that sell goods must also receive goods that will be stored as inventory for.the period it takes to sell the product to customers after which inventory is restocked.
In 2011, Starbucks terminated a contract with Kraft Foods that allowed Kraft to sell bagged Starbucks coffee in grocery stores. The early termination resulted in litigation between Kraft and Starbucks. After an arbitrator found in Kraft's favor, Starbucks recorded a liability for $2.8 billion.
Required:
This behavior is typical of many companies today. What is your opinion on the reasons companies behave this way? Is it realistic? Why or why not?
Answer:
Starbucks and Kraft Foods
The reasons companies terminate contracts before their expiration include impossibility of performance, material breaches of contract terms, misrepresentation, fraud, lack of capacity, mutual mistake, and frustration.
The reason for Starbucks' termination of the contract was "multiple material breaches." These were not established by the arbitrator, who delivered judgment in Kraft's favor.
It is not always realistic to terminate a long-standing contract without abiding by the contract termination terms because the damages and accruing interests that can be awarded against the terminating company may be too huge.
Explanation:
The "multiple material breaches" that Starbucks alleged against Kraft included the allegation that "Kraft did not always meet minimum advertising budgets or keep Starbucks involved in major initiatives." According to Starbucks, these violations eroded its "brand equity."
A borrower obtains a one-year ARM which starts at 4.0% and has a margin of 3.0% and 2/6 caps. At the end of the first year, the index is 5.0%. What is the interest rate after the first adjustment
Answer:
The answer is "6".
Explanation:
In the given question the response is 6 because the new rate is the lower of the index + margin (in that case 5 + 3 = 8) whenever the interest rate changes as well as the current rate + cap (in that instance the value 4 + 2 = 6). Its rate of interest would also be 6 percent after the very first adjustment.
You have recently seen a credit card advertisement that states that the annual percentage rate is 10.2 percent. Of the credit card requires monthly payments, what is the effective annual rate of interest on the loan
Answer:
The answer is "[tex]=10.7\%[/tex]".
Explanation:
Using formula:
[tex]EAR=[(1+\frac{APR}{m})^m-1[/tex]
Where m=compounding period
[tex]\to EAR=[(1+\frac{0.102}{12})^{12}]-1[/tex]
[tex]=[(1+0.0085)^{12}]-1\\\\=[(1.0085)^{12}]-1\\\\=1.107-1\\\\=0.107[/tex]
[tex]=10.7\%[/tex]
Which has a direct upon the environment? A. Business operations b. Taxation C. Presidential elections D. None of the above
Answer:
creo que la A
Explanation:
porque por que ahi se buscaria lo que es mas barato y que es mejor para la empresa asi que en esos casos es donde se pone al medio ambiente en riesgo ya que para estos tienen menor importnciaa
Select the correct answer
What is a federal budget
A
an evaluation of the government's current revenue sures
an estimate of the government's total revenue and spending
a calentation of the amount needed to make the government debt free
a comparison of the government's foreign and domestie earnings
Resol
Next
B) an estimate of the government's total revenue and spending
Bank ABC has checkable deposits of $415 million and total reserves of $50 million. The required reserve ratio is 9 percent. The bank has excess reserves of Group of answer choices $14,550,000. $12,650,000. $365,000,000. There is not enough information provided to answer this question. $45,500,000.
Answer:
$12,650,000.
Explanation:
Reserves is the total amount of a bank's deposit that is not given out as loans
Reserves = Deposits - outstanding loans
Required reserves is the percentage of deposits required of banks to keep as reserves by the central bank
Required reserves = reserve requirement x deposits
0.09 x 415 million = 37.35 million
Excess reserves is the difference between reserves and required reserves
50 million - 37.35 million = 12.65 million
How does the mode of corroborating (e.g. strategic alliance, joint venture, licensing, outsourcing, collective research organization) influence the success of a collaboration?
Answer:
Organizations are always looking for new strategies to leverage their profits and market positioning. Corroboration arises then as a strategy in which two or more companies unite temporarily or not, through strategic alliance, licensing, joint venture, outsourcing, etc., with the common objective of expanding their market share and profits.
The way to corroborate influences the success of a collaboration because the chosen strategy is aligned with the organizational values and objectives. When two companies join a strategic alliance, for example, they share their resources, knowledge, technologies, market value and others, to achieve different joint benefits, such as competitive advantage, consumer attraction, greater positioning, increased market share, etc.
Skolits Corp. has a cost of equity of 11.5 percent and an aftertax cost of debt of 4.35 percent. The company's balance sheet lists long-term debt of $325,000 and equity of $585,000. The company's bonds sell for 96.1 percent of par and market-to-book ratio is 2.71 times. If the company's tax rate is 39 percent, what is the WACC
Answer:
10.32%
Explanation:
Given :
Long term debt = 325000
Percent of par = 96.1% = 0.96
Market to book ratio = 2.71
Equity = 585000
Cost of debt = 0.0435
Cost of equity = 0.115
Market value of debt:
Bond sell for percent of par × long-term debt
0.96 × $325000
= $312,000
Market value of equity:
Equity × Market-to-book ratio
$585,000 × 2.71
$1585350
Total market value:
Market value of debt + Market value of equity
$312000 + $1585350
= $1897350
Weight of debt:
Market value of debt / Total market value
$312000 ÷ $1897350
= 0.1644
Weight of equity:
= 1 - Weight of debt
= 1 - 0.1644
= 0.8356
WACC:
= (weight of equity × cost of equity) + (weight of debt × cost of debt )
= (0.8356 × 0.115)+(0.1644 × 0.0435)
= 0.1032
= 10.32%
Parks Corporation is considering an investment proposal in which a working capital investment of $10,000 would be required. The investment would provide cash inflows of $2,000 per year for six years. The working capital would be released for use elsewhere when the project is completed. If the company's discount rate is 10%, the investment's net present value is closest to (Ignore income taxes.): Refer to Exhibit 12B-1 and Exhibit 12B-2, to determine the appropriate discount factor(s) using the tables provided.
Answer:
$4,355.26
Explanation:
Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
Cash flow in year 0 = $-10,000
Cash flow in year 1 - 5 = $2,000
Cash flow in year 6 = $2,000 + 10,000 = 12,000
I = 10%
NPV = $4,355.26
To find the NPV using a financial calculator:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
how can strategic leaders be successful in an industry like the airlines industry
Answer:
Strategic leaders can help any airline related issue to be solved
Explanation:
Strategic leaders are needed everywhere. An airline company would indeed benefit from a strategic leader and or manager
Farmers Pantry Products Inc. and Market Grocers LLC dispute a term in their contract. If Farmers Pantry and Market Grocers have a long-standing business relationship that they would like to continue, they may prefer to settle their dispute through mediation because
Answer: The process is not adversarial
Explanation:
Mediation' refers to the voluntary process that is used for resolving disputes whereby there's a neutral third party whom helps in facilitating dialogue between the conflicting parties and then helps them in identifying the issue and tech a settlement.
Based on the question, since both parties have a long-standing business relationship that they would like to continue, then they may prefer to settle their dispute through mediation because the process is not adversarial. An adversarial system typically involves going to the court.
You plan to set up an endowment at your alma mater that will fund $207,000 of scholarships each year indefinitely. If the principal (the amount you donate) can be invested at 6.0 percent, compounded annually, how much do you need to donate to the university today, so that the first scholarships can be awarded beginning one year from now
Answer: $3,450,000
Explanation:
You need to donate the present value of the indefinite amount today so that the first scholarships can start to be awarded in the next year.
An indefinite amount is known as a perpetuity and the present value of a perpetuity is:
= Perpetuity / Interest rate to be compounded
= 207,000 / 6%
= $3,450,000
Green Goddess Developers is a large nationwide landscape company with home offices in Libertyville, IL. The local media often gushes over the gorgeous landscaping that surrounds the 30-acre headquarters. At the back end of the complex are several large warehouses and garages that hold large equipment. The grounds surrounding the warehouses look like a park. Across the street from the garages are several shops and businesses. The CEO, Patty, often talks about how thankful she is that the town permits her to store equipment at that site, and vows to always maintain the premises for her neighbors, not to mention that she asks 100 employees to come to work there every day. Which of the following statements describes Patty's business philosophy?
A. Patty is a nice woman whose company made a lot of money, so she is willing to spread it around.
B. Patty understands that even though it may cost a little more, stakeholder considerations are very important if you want your business to thrive.
C. Patty is more concerned about town politics than about the company profits. She should ask his employees if they would rather have that money in their pockets than on the lawns.
D. Patty is taking a business risk that her trucks and equipment will not make too much noise as they enter and exit the garages.
Mike is planning to invest his savings in a savings account. He manages to deposit $1,000 at the end of the first year, $700 at the end of the second year, $1,500 at the end of the third year, and $600 at the end of the fourth year. If the account earns 7 percent interest each year, what is the terminal value of this uneven cash flow stream
Answer: $4,231.47
Explanation:
The terminal value is the value of the various payments at the end of year 4.
This means that for every deposit, we need to find the future value up to year 4.
The first payment would therefore accrue for 3 years as it would be deposited at the end of the first year, the second would accrue for 2 years and the third would accrue for a year.
= (1,000 * (1 + 7%)³) + (700 * 1.07²) + (1,500 * 1.07) + 600
= 1,225.043 + 801.43 + 1,605 + 600
= $4,231.47
Tax Savings. John and Cheryl just borrowed $30,000 on a home equity line of credit. The interest rate for the loan is 6.75% for the entire year, and they took out the loan on May 1. John and Cheryl are in the 28% tax bracket. What will be their tax savings for the first year ending December 31st
Answer:
$378
Explanation:
Interest expenses in current year = Amount of borrowing*Interest rate*8 month/12 months
Interest expenses in current year = $30,000 * 6.75% * 8/12
Interest expenses in current year = $1,350
Tax saving on interest expenses = Interest expenses * Tax rate
Tax saving on interest expenses = $1,350 * 28%
Tax saving on interest expenses = $378
So, their tax savings for the first year ending December 31 will be $378.
Bond X is noncallable and has 20 years to maturity, a 11% annual coupon, and a $1,000 par value. Your required return on Bond X is 12%; if you buy it, you plan to hold it for 5 years. You (and the market) have expectations that in 5 years, the yield to maturity on a 15-year bond with similar risk will be 7%. How much should you be willing to pay for Bond X today
Answer:
Present value = $1,170.68
Explanation:
The value of the bond in 5 years will be:
PV of face value = $1,000 / (1 + 7%)¹⁵ = $362.45
PV of coupon payments = $110 x 9.1079 (PVIFA, 15 periods, 7%) = $1,001.87
Total value = $1,364.32
The current value of the bond is:
PV of face value = $1,364.32 / (1 + 12%)⁵ = $774.15
PV of coupon payments = $110 x 3.6048 (PVIFA, 5 periods, 12%) = $396.53
Present value = $1,170.68
