Which of the following statements are true about antibodies?
A. Polyclonal antibodies are part of the natural immune response; monoclonal antibodies are clones of plasma cells used for medical research.
B. Polyclonal antibodies are used for the treatment of cancer; monoclonal antibodies are used for medical research.
C. Monoclonal antibodies work against many types of antigens; polyclonal antibodies work against a specific antigen.
D. Both Polyclonal and Monoclonal antibodies are naturally produced in immune responses.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The answer are A and D.

Explanation:

ANTIBODIES

Antibodies are immunoglobulin produced in the body by B cells to help i

For immune response or fight against any foreign invade in the body.

There are two common classification of antibodies and these are;

1. Monoclonal antibodies are produced in the laboratory that can help to restore and improve the immune system against cancer attack.

They bind to the antigens and are many on the surface of cancerous cells than normal cells. They are use for medical research.

2. POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES are produced by different B cells the body. They are produced from heterogeneous molecules in live animals. They can bind to numerous antigens. They are part of the natural immune response of the animals. They are produced by injecting the animal with immunogen.

Therefore, Polyclonal antibodies are part of the natural immune response; monoclonal antibodies are clones of plasma cells used for medical research.

Both Polyclonal and Monoclonal antibodies are naturally produced in immune responses

Answer 2

Answer:D

Explanation:

D


Related Questions

what happens to the space inside the bell jar when the stretchy rubber is pulled down?

Answers

Answer:

The cavity inside the bell jar is airtight. As the diaphragm is pulled down, the volume of the cavity increases

Answer:

The cavity inside the bell jar is airtight. As the diaphragm is pulled down, the volume of the cavity increases.

This causes an increase in pressure within the bell jar, the air rushes out of the balloons causing them to deflate.

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Cell specialization is important during the growth and development of
a multicellular organism. This process is most directly regulated by

Answers

Answer:

Protein

Explanation:

A cell can be defined as the fundamental or basic functional, structural and smallest unit of life for all living organisms.

Cell specialization is also referred to as cell differentiation and it can be defined as a biological process through which generic cells transform into specific cell types, so as to enable them perform certain functions within the body of a living organism.

Simply stated, it's the special function or job in the body of a living organism that are associated with cells.

Generally, cell specialization plays a significant role in the development of embryos.

Some living organisms are unicellular while others are multicellular in nature.

A unicellular organism refers to a living organism that possess a single-cell while a multicellular organism has many (multiple) cells.

Cell specialization is fundamental and key for the growth and development of a multicellular organism.

Furthermore, cell specialization as a process is most directly regulated by protein; one super regulating protein encourages cell differentiation while the other tries to stop or prevent the process. These proteins are referred to as master regulating proteins or Helix-Loop-Helix proteins.

What does a vaccine contain?
1.T cells
2.infectious particles
3.antigens
4.antibodies

Answers

4. Antibodies it’s what it contains I’m pretty sure

Answer:

Antigens

Explanation:

Vaccines contain weakened or inactive parts of a particular organism (antigen) that triggers an immune response within the body

Which organism obtains its energy exclusively from dead or decaying matter?

Answers

Answer:

Bacteria obtains energy from dead bodies of animals and plants.

The decomposers are the organism, which feed on the dead and decaying matter.

Which relates the wavelength and frequency of a wave?

The frequency is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a second.

A wavelength is the distance on a wave between one frequency and the next.

The time it takes for one wavelength to pass a fixed point is the frequency.

The speed at which a wavelength travels is the frequency of the wave.

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - The frequency is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a second.

Explanation:

The wavelength of a wave is the distance between one point on a wave and the nearest point or one crest to another crest of a wave.  The frequency of the wave is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a second.  A period is the amount of time one wavelength requires to pass a point.

Frequency = 1/wavelength, which means if one increases other decreases.

Thus, the correct answer is - The frequency is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in a second.

Answer: A

Explanation:

Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points) (04.01 LC) Based on the way living things are organized, what level combines to form tissues?
A.Cells
B. Molecules
C.Organs
D. Organ systems​

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Because a cell is the smallest unit of life

A moleclue of mRNA with the sequence GGUCAUCACAU experienced a point mutation that caused the sequence to become GGUUAUACAUAU. which of the following terms describes this type of mutation?

Answers

Answer:

it's called a genetic mutation

Which type of neurons are responsible for carrying signals from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons?
A. Relay neurons
B. Sensory neurons
C. Transmission neurons
D. Motor neurons

Answers

Answer:

A. Relay neurons

Explanation:

Neurons or nerve cells are one of the cell types contained in the nervous system. Neurons transmit or carry nerve signals. There are three major types of neurons namely; motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons.

Specifically, interneurons or relay neurons are types of neurons that connects the sensory and motor neurons i.e carrying signals from the sensory neurons to the motor neurons?

Which compound is known as end product of purine nucleotide metabolism? * Uric acid Carbonic acid Uronic acid Citric acid

Answers

Uric acid is the answer mate

PLZZ HELP

Phosphorus is mainly found in the environment stored in
A. the atmosphere
OB. legumes
C. mineral deposits
D. denitrifying bacteria

Answers

Answers: I think it’s a or c

Explanation:

Which of the following molecules contains three phosphate groups?
A. AMP
B. ADP
C. APP
D. ATP

Answers

Answer:

D) ATP contains three phosphate groups.

OAmalOHopeO

An amino acid analyzer is an instrument used to determine a. the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain b. the presence of modified amino acids in a protein c. the identity of N-terminal and C-terminal amino acids in a protein d. the identities and relative amounts of amino acids in a protein

Answers

Answer:

d. the identities and relative amounts of amino acids in a protein

Explanation:

An amino acid analyzer is an automated machine that is used to determine the identities and quantities of amino acids in a given protein, peptide, and cellular samples. It makes use of the ion-exchange chromatography principle to determine the presence of amino acids. When the chromatogram is obtained, the relative amounts are then determined by the analyzer.

Since proteins are made of sequences of amino acids, the identities of proteins can also be obtained through this method. Ninhydrin, in the chromatographic column, reacts with the present amino acids under an ultra violet detector and is then observed at a wavelength of about 440 - 570nm.

During production of a drug, all work area surfaces must be disinfected using sterilized disinfectants. Which of the following statements about disinfectants are true? Select all that apply. View Available Hint(s)for Part A Disinfectants destroy all microbes present on a surface. Disinfection can be used to treat work surfaces as well as workers (i.e., washing hands). Disinfection can occur by physical or chemical means. Disinfectants are used to inhibit or destroy pathogens. Endospores and viruses can resist disinfectant treatment.

Answers

Answer: The correct options are

--> Disinfectants are used to inhibit or destroy pathogens,

--> Disinfection can occur by physical or chemical means,

--> Endospores and viruses can resist disinfectant treatment.

Explanation:

To prevent infectious diseases from spreading or to sterilise work area surfaces during the production of drugs, chemicals known as disinfectants as used. These are chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of pathogens. Other chemicals such as antiseptics can also kill and prevent the growth of mainly pathogenic microorganisms. However, disinfectants are stronger chemicals than antiseptics and so are often used on non-living things and surfaces.

Disinfection does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, especially resistant bacterial spores (endospores) and viruses, so it is less effective than sterilisation.

There are generally two methods of disinfection:

--> The chemical method: A typical example of a chemical disinfectant is the carbolic acid. It is used for disinfecting lavatories and floors.

--> The physical method: here, physical agents are use to disrupt and damage the pathogenic organisms on work surfaces. Some typical example include: UV irradiation, heat, sunlight exposure, sonic or hydrodynamic pressure and radiation.

During which phase of mitosis do the chromatids line up in the center of the cell?
A. Prophase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Telophase

Answers

Answer:

B) Metaphase

Explanation:

Have a nice day xd ♡

The Metaphase (B)

Look at the attached photo for further reference.

Hope this helps! Please make me the brainliest, it’s not necessary but appreciated, I put a lot of effort and research into my answers. Have a good day, stay safe and stay healthy.

PLEASE HELP PLEASE!!!! DOES ANYONE SOMEONE NAMED HIROJABAMI!?!?!? PLEASE HELP!!!!.....

Answers

Answer:

well I dnt know

btw thanks for ur points I really needed that.

The actual pair of alleles present in the cells of an individual is known as the:
genotype.
karyotype.
phenotype.
archetype.

Answers

it’s known as the genotype, a pair of alleles represent the GENOTYPE of a specific gene. alleles contribute to the individual’s outside appearance which is the phenotype. (so that isn’t the answer)

Nitrogen is the most common element in the air. Why do bacteria play a role in the nitrogen cycle?

Answers

Explanation:

Bacteria play a role in the nitrogen cycle because:

The bacteria’s helps in breaking down the organic materials which has nitrogen in it, and helps in giving the nitrogen back to the cycle. Bacteria helps in breaking down of the leaves and then it diffuses the nitrogen to the soil. Prokaryotes also plays an important role in the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen fixing bacteria present in the root zone of plants basically in the soil, helps in conversion of the nitrogen into ammonia. Then the nitrifying bacteria converts the ammonia to the nitrites or can say nitrates.  

Answer:

sorry I didn't know hahaha

Which statement best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and an independent variable in a scientific
Investigation

Answers

Answer:

A dependent variable is a variable affected by the change. The independent variable is the variable that is changed.

Explanation:

When Dr. Philip tierno conducted his experiment on the pillows , he wanted to know the connection between pillows and the allergy-causing germs. He was trying to answer the question, Do these pillows contain germs that contribute to the family allergies?

Answers

Answer:

Yes. That was the question he was trying to answer.

Explanation:

To conduct the experiment investigating the connection between pillows and disease-causing gems, Dr. Philip needs to ask himself whether the pillows that will be used in the research contain germs that contribute to allergies in a family. This question allows Dr. Philip to have the basis to start his research and come to a conclusion about the pillows used in the research. Furthermore, the research points directly to the main point of the story.

Answer:When Dr. Philip Tierno conducted his experiment on the pillows, he wanted to know the connection between pillows and the allergy-causing germs. He was trying to answer the question, Do these pillows contain germs that contribute to the family’s allergies?

Explanation:Edmentum

Which of the following correctly describes a way in which Earth’s atmosphere interacts with the geosphere?

Answers

Answer:

It provides a medium for cycles that provide nutrients to living organisms.

¿Cuál de los siguientes niveles es el sucesor del nivel tejido?
A.
Órgano.
B.
Sistema.
C.
Organismo.
D.
Célula.

Answers

answer: D
bcuz i said so and this

C. Órgano

Porque Célula→Tejido→Órgano→Sistema→Organismo

What are the reactants in the following chemical reaction?
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O
A. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
B. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen gas (O2)
C. Glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen gas (O2)
D. Glucose (C6H12O6) and water (H2O)

Answers

Answer:

its (A)

Explanation:

These reactions, which are described in detail in the chapter Cells and Energy, break down the simple sugar glucose (C6H12O6). The process uses oxygen and glucose and results in carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and usable energy. Oxygen and glucose are the reactants.

Hope it helps you.... I tried my best.

pls mark me as branliest really need it pls pls pls.

5.Can you write which kind of food items are not digested easily when gall bladder of a person is removed surgically? Why?​

Answers

Answer:

hi

Explanation:

no answer please try let us

Answer:

hard or solid ofood items are not digested easily when gall bladder of a person is removed surgically.it is because gall bladder is responsible to make a food in a small particle.

what are the cells that pass from parents to their children

Answers

Answer:

Genes are the blueprint for our bodies. If a gene contains a change, it disrupts the gene message. Changes in genes can cause a wide range of conditions. Sometimes a changed gene is inherited, which means it is passed on from parent to child. Changes in genes can also occur spontaneously.

Fruit trees in a forest are an important habitat for a bird species and were historically a major source of food for a rodent species. Over time, the rodent species shifted their feeding behavior from fruit trees to nut trees. As rodent behavior changed, the density of fruit trees decreased, which caused significant decreases to the bird population. What kind of effect did the change in rodents exert on bird population size?

Answers

Answer:

The bird population might have to migrate in search for food or may decline in numbers.

Explanation:

This is a concept of primary producers that is trees and secondary consumers that is mouse and bids. Due to the decline in raw material available the mouse population declines and this also affects the secondary consumers that are birds of prey like hawks, owls etc.

What are sporophytes and gametophytes?

Answers

Answer:

A. Two different forms a plant can have

Explanation:

Higher plants, lower plants (mosses) and ferns undergo a life cycle called ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS. In this life cycle, they switch between a haplontic and diplontic forms of life.

The haplontic (haploid) life form which produces haploid (n) gametes is called GAMETOPHYTE while the diplontic (diploid) life form which produces the spores that germinates is called SPOROPHYTE. Hence, sporophyte and gametophyte are two different forms a plant can have.

In terms of base nucleotides, explain the only difference between the DNA message for normal hemoglobin and the DNA message for sickle-cell hemoglobin.

Answers

Answer:

In the 1950s, Vernon Ingram demonstrated that the only structural difference between normal adult hemoglobin and sickle-cell hemoglobin is the replacement of glutamic acid with valine in the β-globin amino acid chain (Ingram, 1957; 1959).

its may help you

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14). Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of ________. A) large quantities of the antigen initially recognized B) vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors C) long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen D) short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is D) short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

Explanation:

Each B lymphocyte has an antigen receptor (BCR: B cell receptor), a surface immunoglobulin (IgM or IgD), that binds to specific domains of the antigen called antigenic determinants or epitopes. Only B lymphocytes with a high antibody affinity for the antigen, and which are capable of processing and presenting it, will be positively selected. In this contact between the two cells, an exchange of chemical signals takes place that leads to the activation, clonal proliferation and differentiation of B cells into two sister subclones: one of antibody-secreting plasma cells, and the other of memory primed B cells. Therefore, only these last positively selected B lymphocytes will survive, proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells, synthesizing and secreting antibodies of a single isotypic class, with a unique specificity and high affinity, improving the ability to adhere to the antigen and, thus , neutralize and destroy pathogens.

How does the natural process of meiosis support evolution?
A. Each daughter cell mutates its own DNA during Reduction Division to produce more variation.
B. Each daughter cell is unique, providing natural variation.
C. Each daughter cell is identical, providing natural variation.
D. It does not support evolution.

Answers

A. Each daughter cell mutates it’s own DNA during reduction division to produce more variation

During meiosis, each daughter cell tends to undergo mutation of its own DNA and leads to more variation. The correct option is A.

What is meiosis?

Meiosis is a sort of cell division that occurs in organisms which reproduce the fusion of gametes and results in a diminution in the number of chromosomes in gametes. Body cells in humans are diploid, with two sets of chromosomes.

Meiosis is a process of cell division that produces 4 gamete cells while reducing the number of chromosomes in the parent cell by half.

This process is essential for the generation of egg and sperm cells for reproduction.

Meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by half while also generating new allele pairings that are dispersed across daughter cells via segregation and recombination.

This genetic reshuffling, which is thought to be the basis of reproduction success, reduces genetic affiliations within and between loci.

Thus, the correct option is A.

For more details regarding meiosis, visit:

https://brainly.com/question/11622266

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What factor is described as sexual
selection?
A, non-random mating
B. migration
C. small populations
D. natural selection

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - D. natural selection.

Explanation:

Sexual selection takes place due to competition between individuals of the intraspecies same-sex and of mate choice which driving the evolution of reproductive traits.

Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection as it leads to the evolution of specific traits. Other examples or options are not related to sexual selection directly and are not affected by sexual selection.

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What is contained in this sentence?Although there are eight species of tigers, three of them are extinct. Which of the following correctly describes a way in which Earths atmosphere interacts with the geosphere? A game consists of tossing three coins. If all three coins land on heads, then the player wins $75. If all three coins land on tails, then the player wins $45. Otherwise, the player wins nothing. On average, how much should a player expect to win each game If ABC ~ AMN and am=6, mb=4 an= 8 then what is the value of nc What caused the United States to declare war on the Axis powers ofGermany, Italy, and Japan?A. The sinking of American supply in the Atlantic B. The bombing of great Britain by German planesC.The invasin of Poland by Germany & Russia D.The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii Calculate the mass of sodium phosphate in aqueous solution to fully react with 37 g of chromium nitrate(III) an aqueous solution?(report answer in grams and only three Sigg figs do not put the unit) Tyrell bought 6 video games this summer. Each game cost 27 dollars. If Tyrell had 379 dollars left after he bought the video games, how much money did he start with? Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)(03.02 MC) Which statement best reflects a change in weather? Today is cloudy, but tomorrow will be clear and sunny. The average rainfall has decreased over the past five years. Ocean temperatures are projected to increase over time. Glaciers are melting more rapidly now than in the past 100 years.plzzz helpppp asap which quadratic function has zeros of -4 and 7 Racism may materialize in various ways simultaneously, including environmentally. True or false Which of the following is a renewable resource?CoalIceRock saltHelium gas Name the following compound NiBr2? The F. Mercury, Capital account has a credit balance of $42,000 before closing entries are made. Total revenues for the period are $60,200, total expenses are $42,300, and withdrawals are $11,000. What is the correct closing entry for the expense accounts Suppose that the owner of Boyer Construction is feeling the pinch of increased premiums associated with workers compensation and has decided to cut the wages of its two employees (Albert and Sid) from $25 per hour to $21 per hour. Assume that Albert and Sid view income and leisure as "goods," that both experience a diminishing rate of marginal substitution between income and leisure, and that the workers have the same before- and after-tax budget constraints at each wage. Albert and Sid's opportunity set is presented below:What is the value of A when the wage is $25?What is the value of A when the wage is $21?At the wage of $25 per hour, both Albert and Sid are observed to consume 14 hours of leisure (and equivalently supply 10 hours of labor). After wages were cut to $21, Albert consumes 12 hours of leisure and Sid consumes 16 hours of leisure. Determine the number of hours of labor each worker supplies at a wage of $21 per hour:Albert's supply of labor = _______Sid's supply of labor = ________How can you explain the seemingly contradictory result that the workers supply a different number of labor hours?A. Albert has no income effect, and Sid has no substitution effect when the wage declines to $21.B. Albert's substitution effect dominates his income effect when the wage declines to $21, and vice versa for Sid.C. Albert has no substitution effect, and Sid has no income effect when the wage declines to $21.D. Albert's income effect dominates his substitution effect when the wage declines to $21, and vice versa for Sid. mr. Patel travelled from Delhi to Mumbai by road in his car. a). If he travelled in his car 770 km over 22 days, then how many kilometres did he travel in one day?b). A litre of petrol takes Mr Patels car a distance of 14 km. How many litres would he need to go 840 km?C). Mr Patel is carrying 326 boxes of sweets in the boot of his car. If each box contains 25 sweets, how many sweets are there in his car? An isosceles right triangle has a hypotenuse that measures 42 cm. What is the area of the triangle? what is the best of the 7 natural wonders what is the major river that flows north and east in India Please solve #5 and explain how you solved it Write the correct statements for the above logic and syntax errors in program below. #include using namespace std;void main(){ int count = 0, count1 = 0, count2 = 0, count3 = 0; mark = -9; while (mark != -9) { cout > mark; count++; if (mark >= 0 && mark = 61 && mark = 71 && mark