An antibody molecule has a molecular weight of 150 kD when analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Treatment with mercaptoethanol, a reducing agent that breaks disulfide linkages, yields polypeptides with molecular weights of 50 kD and 25 kD, and both of these bands are similar in intensity and thickness. Based on this gel pattern as described, what can we conclude about the molecular composition of the antibody molecule

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The antibody has a molecular weight of 150 kD and consists of four subunits: two subunits of 50 kD and two subunits of 25 kD, which are bonded by covalent bonds.

Explanation:

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a detergent used to alter and denature proteins before gel electrophoresis. SDS can break hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen (H) bonds, but this detergent does not break down disulfide bonds, which is a type of covalent bond between two sulfur atoms. Moreover, mercaptoethanol is a reducing agent used to break disulfide bonds. In this case, it is expected that mercaptoethanol can break disulfide bonds between the four subunits of the mature antibody, thereby yielding two bands corresponding to the 50 kD and 25 kD bands (two subunits of 50 kD + two subunits of 25 kD = 150 kD).


Related Questions

The molecules of water move farther apart in the water cycle and water changes from the?

Answers

Explanation:

I think the ans is evaporation

HELP ME PLEASE FASST
Which of the following describes a scenario that could increase the winds of the jet stream?
O Faster global convection currents
O Decreasing radiation from the sun
O Equal heating of the Earth's surface
O Stopping conduction from the ground​

Answers

Answer:

faster global convection currents!

Fortunately I just took this quiz and received 100%!

The statement that explains scenerio that can bring an increase to winds of the jet stream is A: Faster global convection currents.

Jet streams can be regarded as a fast flowing as well as narrow and meandering, air currents which is found on Earth and other planet. It is a bands of strong wind which moves to east from west in the globe.

The wind of jet stream do increase by the action of wind current, because convection current do aid the movement of this this wind from a place to the other

Therefore, option A is correct.

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In the scientific process, what is the correct sequence for the following steps: A: Recognizing a problem/Asking a question; B) Testing a hypothesis; C Drawing inferences
Group of answer choices

ABC

ACB

CAB

BCA

Answers

Answer:

ABC

Explanation:

Ask questions, make a hypothesis, test the hypothesis, analyze results, draw conclusions, communicate results.

what type of energy transfer happens when something freezes

Answers

Alternate interior angles is the chemical answer

1. Assertion: Mother may be a carrier for haemophilia.
Reason: The father is always a carrier for haemophilia.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

The assertion is true,but the reason is false because the mother is the carrier.

I hope this helps

what is hiberbation?​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

                         Hibernation is an adaptation that allows an animal to escape cold weather and food shortages over winter.

calculate the area of the following rectangular box.​

Answers

Explanation:

here is your answer hope it helps you..

briefly describe what the outer layer of bone tissue is like

Answers

Answer:

dinkachika

jingalalalalallalal

Answer:

Plz refer image for your answer

Explanation:

Hope it helps.. if yes plz mark me as brainliest

hormones in the bloodstream

Answers

Answer:

insulin

Explanation:

Answer:

chemical messenger.

Explanation:

Help!!!
I'll give brainliest the brainliest. ​

Answers

Answer:

resists the turgor  pressure of the cell:  A : cell wall

controls the activities of  the cell : C : nucleus

site of the chemical  reactions of the cell  including synthesis of  proteins:  D : cytoplasm

Answer:

1. A -  Cell Wall

2. C - Nucleus

3. B. Mitochondria

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explain how bacteria cam develop resistance to an antibiotic?

Answers

Explanation:

Bacteria develop resistance mechanisms by using instructions provided by their DNA. Often, resistance genes are found within plasmids, small pieces of DNA that carry genetic instructions from one germ to another. This means that some bacteria can share their DNA and make other germs become resistant.

hope this helps you

have a nice day

laws of thermodynamics

Answers

Answer:

The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics states that if two systems are in thermodynamic equilibrium with a third system, the two original systems are in thermal equilibrium with each other. The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the state of entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system, will always increase over time. The First Law of Thermodynamics states that energy can be converted from one form to another with the interaction of heat, work and internal energy, but it cannot be created nor destroyed, under any circumstances. The 3rd law of thermodynamics will essentially allow us to quantify the absolute amplitude of entropies.

Using complete sentences, explain how proximity to major rivers influenced the location of early cities.

Answers

Answer:

Locations along rivers meant faster travel upstream and downstream to rule territories. The city became the place where the ruler or rulers lived together in a stationary spot. The city's location along early rivers encouraged stronger government, which in turn encouraged stronger cities.

Rivers are one of the most crucial resources that played a major role in the development in ancient times. It led to river valley civilization that influenced the location and kingdoms.

What is river valley civilization?

The river valley civilization was one of the most important events that led to the establishment of many kingdoms and regions. The proximity to the river banks influenced many factors.

The cities located on the riverbanks have greater development in services including import, export, travel, agriculture, accessibility, etc. This allowed the people to practice agriculture on a large scale due to the availability of the irrigation system.

The river banks allowed the cities to grow as major trade centers and allowed downstream and upstream travel easier. This also led to the emergence of strong government systems.

Therefore, the proximity to major rivers led to river valley civilization.

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The element with atomic number of 4 is

Answers

Answer:

Beryllium is the element with the atomic number 4.

ANSWER AND I’LL GIVE BRAINLIEST

Which of the following statements can you infer would happen If one organ system stopped working?
a. The other organ systems would have to work harder to make up for the broken system
b. The other organ systems would stop working too.
c. The other organ systems would still work on their own but might have to work harder to complete their function correctly.

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

After one system shuts down, the others would slowly start to shut down as well until the body can no longer maintain homeostasis and the person would slowly die. 3. All systems would be working together but the main ones would be muscular, nervous, and skeletal.

Write one functions of seed.​

Answers

Seeds serve several functions for the plants that produce them.

Two lizards with different coloring exist within the same ecosystem. One lives in the trees, and the other prefers hiding among rocks. They are separate species because
they behave differently
Othey have different characteristics
Othey cannot successfully reproduce
Othey exist within the same ecosystem

Answers

They are separate species because they have different characteristics.
Which means their adaptation methods will be different.

Natural selection is that the process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change.

What are the adaptations behavior in organisms?

Many animals are well adapted to biotic and abiotic conditions due to behavioral, physiological, or structural adaptations that increase their chances of survival and reproduction.

Behavioral - responses made by an organism that help it to survive/reproduce.

.

Physiological - a bodily process that helps an organism to survive/reproduce.

Structural - a feature of an organism’s body that helps it to survive/reproduce.

Thus, we can conclude that the correct option is (b).

They are separate species because they cannot successfully reproduce.

which means they have different adaptation methods.

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What is the control for “which bait works best for a homemade fly trap?”

Answers

Answer:

A glass of water or an empty cup

Explanation:

If no flies are attracted, that means your experiment is not flawed.

Most fresh water fish are hypertonic, meaning their body cells contain more salt than the surrounding water. Since osmosis should push water into their cells, why don't they explode? They don'­t drink any water because they get so much from osmosis. They have adapted to live with high osmotic pressure. They urinate a lot, so the water does not build up. Their cells have adapted to absorb salt. All of the above

Answers

Answer:

They urinate a lot, so the water does not build up.

Explanation:

Freshwater fishes are fishes that live in freshwater habitat i.e. little or no salt. This means that the fishes are hypertonic (have more salt) to their external environment. Due to their hypertonicity, freshwater fishes tend to take in more water via osmosis.

Freshwater fishes, however, do not explode despite this phenomenon because they pass out the excess water via urine waste. Freshwater fishes urinate a lot, hence, the absorbed water does not build up in their bodies.

biological term for control of the body temperature​

Answers

Thermoregulation is a process that allows your body to maintain its core internal temperature. All thermoregulation mechanisms are designed to return your body to homeostasis. This is a state of equilibrium

what was invented in the late 16th century that allowed scientists to study organisms at a new level

Answers

Answer:

compound light microscope

Explanation:

:)

The light microscope was in the late 16th century that allowed scientists to study organisms at a new level.

Thus, The microscope revolutionized the field of biology by enabling researchers to observe and study tiny structures, cells, and microorganisms that were previously invisible to the eye.

This technological advancement marked a significant milestone in the history of science.

It paved the way for discoveries and insights into the microscopic world of living organisms.

Thus, The light microscope was in the late 16th century that allowed scientists to study organisms at a new level.

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define ostia in science​

Answers

Answer:

Ostia are tiny pores present all over the body of sponges. its function is to let the water, along with desire nutrient flows interior of the sponges.

Answer:

An opening, a passage.

Explanation:

science - Anatomy

Many animals have a mutually-beneficial, symbiotic relationship with bacteria that reside in their guts. To study the effects of these relationships in more detail, research organisms such as fish and mice have been raised under germ-free conditions. What important process do you predict is compromised in germ-free mice

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Quá trình tiêu hoá và hấp thụ chất dinh dưỡng

Which of the following is NOT of the major biogeochemical cycles?

A.Life cycle
B.Water cycle
C.Carbon cycle
D.Phosphorus cycle

Answers

water cycle............

The following is NOT of the major biogeochemical cycles D.Phosphorus cycle is D.Phosphorus cycle.

What is the difference between Carbon cycle and Phosphorus cycle?

The major distinction among carbon and phosphorus cycle is that carbon cycle interacts with the environment while phosphorus cycle does now no longer engage with the environment. Therefore, the carbon cycle is a sort of gaseous biking while the phosphorus biking is a sort of sedimentary rocks.

As in comparison to nitrates & different macro elements, decomposers take longer time to decompose any lifeless biota into phosphates. Decomposers are organisms mainly a soil bacterium, fungus, or invertebrate, that decompose natural material. These are the motives for phosphorus cycle being the slowest biogeochemical cycle.

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how many hearts does the octopus have ?​

Answers

Answer:

3

Explanation:

Answer:

Three hearts

Explanation:

One heart pumps blood throughout the body, while the other two pumps oxygen-rich blood through the gills.

OAmalOHopeO

Which chemical bond is most common in living things? a. ionic bond b. metallic bond C. covalent bond d. hydrogen bond​

Answers

Answer:

hydrogen bond

Explanation:

i think because humans have water in the body that has hydroden maybe

Besides plants, what other factor distinguishes one biome from another biome?
(A) the number of plant species in the biome
(B) the variety of animal species
(C) average temperatures and precipitation
(D) geographic location

Answers

C) Average temperatures and precipitation

Why is it difficult to bond three phosphate groups to Adenosine?

They have the same charge and repel each other.

They form a strong attraction to each other.

They are like opposite poles of a magnet.

The energy is evenly dispersed across all three bonds.

Answers

I think that answer is they are like Opposite poles of magnet.

I really hope it’s right

In paragraph form (automatic 1-pt deduction if not), explain the evolutionary benefits of sexual reproduction as a means of increasing variation. Be sure to include (a) at least two ways in which sexual reproduction impacts genotype (i.e. genetic effects), and (b) two ways in which sexual reproduction may affect phenotype (i.e. trait effects).

Answers

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

According to the theory of evolution,species which are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce in a population passing on these favourable characteristics to their offsprings.

During sexual reproduction, genes can be arranged in new ways from chromosomal crossing over and recombination. This introduces new gene combinations(genotype) and ultimately variation in the population.

This variation may also lead to the observation of new phenotypes in the population.

How many different genotypes are possible from a cross between the parents RRYy and rrYY?

Answers

Answer:

1 genotype is possible

RrYy

RrYy or RrYY
it will always be Rr when crossing RR and rr but crossing Yy and YY can give YY or Yy
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