Calculate the [H+] and pH of a 0.0010 M acetic acid solution. The Ka of acetic acid is 1.76×10−5. Use the method of successive approximations in your calculations.

Answer and Explanation:

a. The equation of K of this reaction is shown below:-

3 A + 5 B + 4 C↔5 D + 7 E + F

[tex]K = \frac{(D)^5 (E)^7 (F)}{(A)^3 (B)^5 (C)^4}[/tex]

b. The moles of compound F is shown below:-

3 A + 5 B + 4 C↔5 D + 7 E + F

               2 moles

Now, the mole of produced is

[tex]= \frac{1}{4} \times \ moles\ of\ c[/tex]

Now, we will the value of c by using the above equation

[tex]= \frac{1}{4} \times 2[/tex]

After solving the above equation we will get

0.5 moles

Answer:

Atomic radius less than 15%, similar structure and same valency.

Explanation:

The conditions that are favorable for extensive solid solubility of one element in another are the following.

The atomic radius of the solute and solvent atoms must be less than 15%. The structure of both solute and solvent are similar. Solubility completes when both have same valency. Valency means number of electrons in the outermost shell. If both solute and solvent has same number of electrons so it will be completely soluble in each other.

The conditions that are favorable for extensive solid solubility of one element in another is the same size, electrongativity and valency.

Hume - Rothery rules are the sets of some important rules which gives idea about the desired condition for the formation of solid solution.

Following main points are described in this rule:

Hence size, electronegativity and valency are the conditions.

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Answer:

Exceed the buffer capacity and Raise the pH by several units

Explanation:

Options are:

Raise the pH slightly

Lower the pH slightly

Raise the pH by several units

Lower the pH by several units

Not change the pH

Exceed the buffer capacity

The hypochlorous acid, HClO, is in equilibrium with Hypochlorite ion (From potassium hypochlorite, ClO⁻) producing a buffer. Using H-H equation, pH of initial buffer is:

pH = pKa + log [ClO⁻] / [HClO]

pKa for hypochlorous acid is 7.53

pH = 7.53 + log [0.581M] / [0.436M]

pH = 7.65

Barium hydroxide reacts with HClO producing more ClO⁻, thus:

Ba(OH)₂ + 2HClO →  2ClO⁻ + 2H₂O

As 0.479 moles of Barium hdroxide are added. For a complete reaction you require 0.479mol * 2 = 0.958 moles of HClO

As you have just 0.436 moles (Volume = 1L),

The addition will:

The Ba(OH)₂ that reacts is:

0.436 moles HClO * (1mole (Ba(OH)₂ / 2 mol HClO) = 0.218 moles Ba(OH)₂ and will remain:

0.479 mol - 0.218 mol = 0.261 moles Ba(OH)₂

As 1 mole of Ba(OH)₂ contains 2 moles of OH⁻, moles of OH⁻ and molarity is:

0.261 moles* 2 = 0.522 moles OH⁻ = [OH⁻]

pOH = -log [OH⁻]

pOH = 0.28

And pH = 14 - pOH:

pH = 13.72

Thus, after the addition the pH change from 7.65 to 13.62:

Answer:

1. The balanced molecular equation is given below:

Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) —> BaSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

2. The net ionic equation is given below:

SO4^2-(aq) + Ba^2+(aq) —> BaSO4(s)

Explanation:

1. The balanced molecular equation

Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) —> BaSO4(s) + NaNO3(aq)

The above equation can be balance as follow:

Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) —> BaSO4(s) + NaNO3(aq)

There are 2 atoms of Na on the left side and 1 atom on the right side. It can be balance by putting 2 in front of NaNO3 as shown below:

Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) —> BaSO4(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

Now, the equation is balanced.

2. The bal net ionic equation.

This can be obtained as follow:

Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) —>

In solution, Na2SO4 and Ba(NO3)2 will dissociate as follow:

Na2SO4(aq) —> 2Na^+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq)

Ba(NO3)2(aq) —> Ba^2+(aq) + 2NO3^-(aq)

Na2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) —>

2Na^+(aq) + SO4^2-(aq) + Ba^2+(aq) + 2NO3^-(aq) —> BaSO4(s) + 2Na^+(aq) + 2NO3^-(aq)

Cancel the spectator ions i.e Na^+ and NO3^- to obtain the net ionic equation.

SO4^2-(aq) + Ba^2+(aq) —> BaSO4(s)

Answer:

pH of the buffer is 7.33

Explanation:

The mixture of the ions H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ produce a buffer (The mixture of a weak acid, H₂PO₄⁻, with its conjugate base, HPO₄²⁻).

To find pH of a buffer we use H-H equation:

pH = pka + log [A⁻] / [HA]

Where A⁻ is conjugate base and HA weak acid.

For the H₂PO₄⁻ and HPO₄²⁻ buffer:

pH = pka + log [HPO₄²⁻] / [H₂PO₄⁻]

Computing values of the problem:

pH =7.21 + log [0.125M] / [0.095M]

pH = 7.33

Answer:

550mL of HCOOH 0.1M and 450mL of HCOONa 0.1M

Explanation:

It is possible to find the pH of a buffer by using H-H equation:

pH = pKa + log [A⁻]/[HA]

For the formic buffer (HCOOH/HCOONa):

pH = 3.74 + log [HCOONa]/[HCOOH]

As you need a buffer of pH 3.65:

pH = 3.74 + log [HCOONa]/[HCOOH]

3.65 = 3.74 + log [HCOONa]/[HCOOH]

Where  [HCOONa]/[HCOOH] can be taken as the moles of each specie.

As molarity of both solutions is 0.10M (0.10mol / L) and you need 1L of solution, total moles of the buffer are:

Replacing (2) in (1):

0.81283 = 0.10 - [HCOOH]  /[HCOOH]

0.81283[HCOOH] = 0.10 - [HCOOH]

1.81283[HCOOH] = 0.10

And moles of HCOONa are:

[HCOONa] = 0.1 mol - 0.055mol =

As concentration of the solutions is 0.1M, the volume you need to add of both solutions is:

HCOOH = 0.055 mol ₓ (1L / 0.1mol) = 0.55L = 550mL of HCOOH 0.1M

HCOONa = 0.045 mol ₓ (1L / 0.1mol) = 0.45L = 450mL of HCOONa 0.1M

The number should be considered like 550mL of HCOOH 0.1M and 450mL of HCOONa 0.1M.

Here we used the H-H equation:

pH = pKa + log [A⁻]/[HA]

Now

For the formic buffer (HCOOH/HCOONa):

So,

pH = 3.74 + log [HCOONa]/[HCOOH]

Now

need a buffer of pH 3.65:

So,

pH = 3.74 + log [HCOONa]/[HCOOH]

3.65 = 3.74 + log [HCOONa]/[HCOOH]

0.81283 = [HCOONa]/[HCOOH] (1)

here  [HCOONa]/[HCOOH] can be considered as the moles of each specie.

Now the total moles should be

0.10 moles = [HCOONa] + [HCOOH] (2)

Now

0.81283 = 0.10 - [HCOOH]  /[HCOOH]

0.81283[HCOOH] = 0.10 - [HCOOH]

1.81283[HCOOH] = 0.10

[HCOOH] = 0.055 moles

And moles of HCOONa should be

[HCOONa] = 0.1 mol - 0.055mol =

[HCOONa] = 0.045 moles

Now

HCOOH = 0.055 mol ₓ (1L / 0.1mol) = 0.55L = 550mL of HCOOH 0.1M

HCOONa = 0.045 mol ₓ (1L / 0.1mol) = 0.45L = 450mL of HCOONa 0.1M

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Answer:

1)Ni=1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s0, 3d10 called full-filled

2)Cr=1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s1, 3d5 called half-filled

Answer:

Siδ⁺ -- Pδ⁻⁻

Clδ⁻⁻ -- Pδ⁺

Siδ⁺ -- Clδ⁻⁻

Of the mentioned bonds the most polar bond is Si -- Cl

The polarity of the bond primarily relies upon the electronegativity difference between the two atoms that forms the bond. Therefore, if the electronegativity difference between the two atoms that forms the bond is more the bond will be more polar, and if it is less then the bond will be less polar. The electronegativity of the atoms mentioned is Si = 1.8 , P = 2.1 and Cl = 3.00.  

Therefore, the Si - Cl atoms exhibit more electronegativity difference, thus, the Si - Cl bond will be the most polar bond.  

Answer:

[tex]m_{PtBr_4}=0.306gPtBr_4[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since the solubility product of platinum (IV) bromide is 8.21x10⁻⁹, and the dissociation is:

[tex]PtBr_4(s)\rightleftharpoons Pt^{4+}(aq)+4Br^-(aq)[/tex]

The equilibrium expression is:

[tex]Ksp=[Pt^{4+}][Br^-]^4[/tex]

Thus, since the salt is added to a solution initially containing 1.00 grams of potassium bromide, there is an initial concentration of bromide ions:

[tex][Br^-]_0=\frac{1.00gKBr*\frac{1molKBr}{119gKBr}*\frac{1molBr^-}{1molKBr} }{0.250L}=0.0336M[/tex]

Hence, in terms of the molar solubility [tex]x[/tex], we can write:

[tex]8.21x10^{-9}=(x)(0.0336+4x)^4[/tex]

In such a way, solving for [tex]x[/tex], we obtain:

[tex]x=0.00238M[/tex]

Which is the molar solubility of platinum (IV) bromide. Then, since its molar mass is 514.7 g/mol, we can compute the grams that get dissolved in the 250.0-mL solution:

[tex]m_{PtBr_4}=0.00238\frac{molPtBr_4}{1L}*0.250L *\frac{514.7gPtBr_4}{1molPtBr_4} \\\\m_{PtBr_4}=0.306gPtBr_4[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

CH3C-NH+> CH3CH=NH2 >CH3CH2NH3+

Explanation:

The acid strength has to do with the ease of the loss of hydrogen ion from the cationic specie. Hydrogen ion will easily be lost from any specie which contains an atom, group of atoms or bond which withdraws electrons along the chain of the N-H bond.

The pi bond system is known to be highly electronegative and withdraws electrons along the chain hence a withdrawal of electron density along the chain which makes the hydrogen ion to be easily lost from a system which contains a pi bond along the chain. A triple bond is more electronegative than a double bond, hence the answer above.

Answer:

A divergent plate boundary  

Explanation:

At a divergent boundary, the plates pull away from each other and generate new crust.

Answer:

Because the ocean becomes larger, this is a divergent plate boundary. Divergent plates cause the ocean floor to expand, making the ocean larger.

Explanation:

PLATO ANSWER

Answer:

2.8x10⁻¹⁵ M.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the dissociation reaction for silver phosphate is:

[tex]Ag_3PO_4(s)\rightleftharpoons 3Ag^+(aq)+PO_4(aq)[/tex]

Therefore, the equilibrium expression is:

[tex]Ksp=[Ag^+]^3[PO_4^-][/tex]

In such a way, since the initial solution contains an initial concentration of silver ions (from silver nitrate) of 0.10M, we can write the equilibrium expression in terms of the reaction extent [tex]x[/tex]:

[tex]2.8x10^{-18}=(0.10+3x)^3*(x)[/tex]

Thus, solving for [tex]x[/tex] we have:

[tex]x=2.8x10^{-15}M[/tex]

Thus, the molar solubility of silver phosphate is 2.8x10⁻¹⁵ M.

Regards.

Answer:

Each chlorine atom shares a pair of electrons with the sulfur atom. ... Each chlorine atom shares all its valence electrons with the sulfur atom

Answer:

[tex]SF_4[/tex]

Explanation:

The first thing would be to calculate the number of moles of each element in the compound.

No of moles of sulfur (S) = mass/molar mass

                                        = 29.68/32.065 = 0.9256

No of moles of fluorine (F) = mass/molar mass

                                       = 70.32/18.998 = 3.7014

Then, let us find the atomic ratio of each of the element in the compound by dividing by the no of moles by the smallest no of mole:

            S            :             F

      [tex]\frac{0.9256}{0.9256}[/tex] = 1       :       [tex]\frac{3.7014}{0.9256}[/tex] = 4

Therefore, the empirical formula for the compound is [tex]SF_4[/tex]

Answer:

D. Pure gold

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since gold, as a heavy metal, is said to be less reactive than hydrogen, when it undergoes electrolysis process when forming a salt, due to the action of the electric current, we can appreciate the formation of a layer of gold on the surface of the cathode via a reduction half-reaction from gold (I) to metallic gold:

[tex]Au^++1e^-\rightarrow Au^0[/tex]

Thereby, D. Pure gold is formed as the product of the reaction.

In contrast, more reactive metals than hydrogen such as sodium or potassium, will remain in solution so the hydrogen converted to hydrogen gas.

Best regards-

Answer:

[tex]H_2O[/tex]

Explanation: Research has proven that ;

Water is a Polar Covalent Molecule

It consists of 2 Hydrogen molecules bonded to one Oxygen molecule and  the two hydrogen atoms are not evenly distributed around the oxygen atom.

Answer:

A double bond is formed when two pairs of electrons are shared between the two participating atoms. It is represented by two dashes (=). It is represented by two dashes (=). Double covalent bonds are much stronger than a single bond, but they are less stable

Explanation:

Answer:

1. the siren has a lower pitch to Jane

2. the siren has a higher pitch to John

3. sound different due to moving away from Jane making the sound wave lengths longer and moving toward John making the wave lengths shorter

Explanation:

The Doppler effect expresses that sound is comparative with the spectator or observer. This is demonstrated valid by the model given with Jane and John. To one individual it could sound low and to someone else it could sound high, in light of where they are tuning in from. To John, the police alarm playing is a higher pitch. Be that as it may, to Jane this equivalent alarm is a totally extraordinary pitch and is heard lower than in comparison to the john.

This is a prime case of the Doppler Effect. They sound distinctive on the grounds that the sound is moving far from Jane making the sound frequencies longer and it is advancing toward John making the frequencies shorter. This impacts how the sound is heard by the human ear.

Answer:

See explanation

Explanation:

The reaction of chlorine with the pictured compound will occur via free radical mechanism. The stability of the free radical formed will depend on its structure.

The order of stability of free radicals is methyl < primary < secondary < tertiary. Hence a tertiary carbon free radical is the most stable.

Looking at the compound, the radical will form at the position shown in the image attached since it will lead to a secondary free radical which is more stable.

The structure that should be drawn is shown below.

It should be within the pictured compound that will arise via a free radical mechanism. The stability should be based on the structure. The stability of the order of free radicals should be methyl < primary < secondary < tertiary. Thus, a tertiary carbon free radical should be most stable.

Here look at the compound, the radical should form at the position that should be shown in the image that resulted in the secondary free radical i.e. more stable.

Answer:

68%

Explanation:

Since we need a percentage we can use any number we want for our initial value.

5(1/2)^900/1620 = 3.40

(3.40 / 5)*100 = 68%

To make sure lets use a different initial amount

1(1/2)^900/1620 = 0.68

(0.68/1) * 100 = 68%

To solve this question, we'll assume the initial amount of radium-226 to be 1.

Now, we shall proceed to obtaining the percentage of radium-226 that will after 900 years. This can be obtained as illustrated below:

Determination of the number of half-lives that has elapsed.

Half-life (t½) = 1620 years

Time (t) = 900 years

[tex]n = \frac{t}{t_{1/2}}\\\\n = \frac{900}{1620}\\\\n = \frac{5}{9}[/tex]

Determination of the amount remaining

Initial amount (N₀) = 1

Number of half-lives (n) = 5/9

[tex]N = \frac{N_{0} }{2^{n}}\\\\N = \frac{1}{2^{5/9}}[/tex]

Determination of the percentage remaining.

Initial amount (N₀) = 1

Amount remaining (N) = 0.68

Percentage remaining = N/N₀ × 100

Percentage remaining = 0.68/1 × 100

Therefore, the percentage amount of radium-226 that remains after 900 years is 68%

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Answer:

b

Explanation:

Provided the experiment is about the transfer of heat from one medium to another, any residual hot water on the metal would have added to the heat transferred from the metal to the cold water system.

The residual hot water on the metal posses its own heat and when such is transferred along with the metal into the cold water, the heat from the residual hot water will interfere with the measurement of the actual heat transferred to the cold water by the metal. Hence, the accuracy of the result would be impacted.

The correct option is b.

Answer:

- Weight 333.3 grams of iodine.

- Measure 500 mL of water.

- Vigorously mix the resulting solution.

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since 500 mL of a 40% (w/v) aqueous solution iodine is required, we can compute the required mass of iodine by defining the given mass-volume percent:

[tex]\% w/v=\frac{m_{iodine}}{m_{solution}} *100%=\frac{m_{iodine}}{m_{water}+m_{iodine}} *100%[/tex]

In such a way, we need to find mass of iodine, which is computed as:

[tex]m_{iodine}=\frac{\%w/v*m_{water}}{100w/v-\%} \\\\m_{iodine}=\frac{40*500}{100-40}\\ \\m_{iodine}=333.3g\\[/tex]

Thereby, the procedure will be:

- Weight 333.3 grams of iodine.

- Measure 500 mL of water.

- Vigorously mix the resulting solution.

Best regards.

Answer:

1.05 V

Explanation:

Since;

E°cell= E°cathode- E°anode

E°cathode= -0.40 V

E°anode= -1.45 V

E°cell= -0.40-(-1.45) = 1.05 V

Equation of the process;

2Zr(s) + 4Cd^2+(aq) ---->2Zr^4+(aq) + 4Cd(s)

n= 8 electrons transferred

From Nernst's equation;

Ecell = E°cell - 0.0592/n log Q

Ecell= E°cell - 0.0592/8 log [0.5]/[0.5]

Since log 1=0

Ecell= E°cell= 1.05 V

Answer:

The answer is

Explanation:

The Ka of an acid when given the pH and concentration can be found by

where

c is the concentration of the acid

From the question

pH = 5.82

c = 0.010 M

Substitute the values into the above formula and solve for Ka

We have

Multiply through by - 2

Find antilog of both sides

We have the final answer as

Hope this helps you

Answer:

Explanation:

Sr(OH)2 (aq) ⇔ Sr+2 (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

Answer:

Molar solubility is 1.12x10⁻⁴M

Explanation:

The dissolution of magnesium hydroxide is:

Mg(OH)₂(s) ⇄ Mg²⁺ + 2OH⁻

The molar solubility represents the moles of the solid that the solution can dissolve, that could be written as:

Mg(OH)₂(s) ⇄ X + 2X

Where X is solubility.

If you obtained a [OH⁻] = 2.24x10⁻⁴M and you know [OH⁻] = 2X:

2X = 2.24x10⁻⁴M

X = 2.24x10⁻⁴M/2

X =1.12x10⁻⁴M

Answer:

[tex]0.033g[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since 11 mg per kilogram of body weight has the given lethality, the mg that turn out lethal for a chicken weighting 3 kg is computed by using a rule of three:

[tex]11mg\longrightarrow 1kg\\\\x\ \ \ \ \ \ \longrightarrow 3kg[/tex]

Thus, we obtain:

[tex]x=\frac{3kg*11mg}{1kg}\\ \\x=33mg[/tex]

That in grams is:

[tex]=33mg*\frac{1g}{1000mg} \\\\=0.033g[/tex]

Regards.

Answer:

[tex]m_{NaNH_2}=30.42gNaNH_2[/tex]

[tex]m_{H_2}=0.783gH_2[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, the reaction between sodium and ammonia is:

[tex]2Na+2NH_3\rightarrow 2NaNH_2+H_2[/tex]

Thus, as we know the initial masses of both sodium and ammonia, we should first identify the limiting reactant, for which we firstly compute the available moles of sodium:

[tex]n_{Na}=18.0gNa*\frac{1molNa}{23.0gNa}=0.783molNa[/tex]

And the moles of sodium consumed by 21.4 g of ammonia (2:2 mole ratio):

[tex]n_{Na}^{\ consumed}=21.4gNH_3*\frac{1molNH_3}{17gNH_3} *\frac{2molNa}{2molNH_3} =1.26molNa[/tex]

In such a way, since less moles of sodium are available than consumed by ammonia, we can say, sodium is the limiting reactant. Furthermore, the mass of both sodium amide (39 g/mol) and hydrogen gas (2 g/mol) that are produced turn out:

[tex]m_{NaNH_2}=0.783molNa*\frac{2molNaNH_2}{2molNa}*\frac{39gNaNH_2}{1molNaNH_2}=30.42gNaNH_2[/tex]

[tex]m_{H_2}=0.783molNa*\frac{1molH_2}{2molNa}*\frac{2gH_2}{1molH_2}=0.783gH_2[/tex]

Best regards.

Answer:

CH3CH=NH2+>CH3CH2NH3 +

Explanation:

There are certain structural features that determine the stability of cationic species. These features that lead to the stability and higher acid strength of cations are those features that stabilize the cation.

CH3CH=NH2+ is more acidic than CH3CH2NH3 + owing to the fact that CH3CH=NH2+ contains a double bond in close proximity with the hydrogen that can be lost as a proton. Electron withdrawal by the double bond (greater s character) makes it easier for this hydrogen to be lost as a proton compared to CH3CH2NH3 +.

Answer:

[tex]V_{HCl}=0.208L=208mL[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, since the chemical reaction is:

[tex]2HCl+Mg(OH)_2\rightarrow MgCl_2+2H_2O[/tex]

We can see that hydrochloric acid and magnesium hydroxide are in a 2:1 mole ratio, which means that the neutralization point, we can write:

[tex]n_{HCl}=2*n_{Mg(OH)_2}[/tex]

In such a way, the moles of magnesium hydroxide (molar mass 58.3 g/mol) in 500 mg are:

[tex]n_{Mg(OH)_2}=500mg*\frac{1g}{1000mg}*\frac{1mol}{58.3g} =0.00858mol[/tex]

Next, since the pH of hydrochloric acid is 1.25, the concentration of H⁺ as well as the acid (strong acid) is:

[tex][H^+]=[HCl]=10^{-pH}=10^{-1.25}=0.0562M[/tex]

Then, since the concentration and the volume define the moles, we can write:

[tex][HCl]*V_{HCl}=2*n_{Mg(OH)_2}[/tex]

Therefore, the neutralized volume turns out:

[tex]V_{HCl}=\frac{2*0.00858mol}{0.0562\frac{mol}{L} }\\ \\V_{HCl}=0.208L=208mL[/tex]

Best regards.