If own price elasticity of demand for your market is -1.2, and your marginal cost is flat at 10, what is the optimal price for your monopoly firm

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: $60

Explanation:

The optimal price for a monopoly firm is expressed by;

Price = Marginal Cost * ( Own Price Elasticity/ (1 + Own Price Elasticity))

Price = 10 * ( -1.2 /( 1 - 1.2)

Price = 10 * (-1.2/-0.2)

Price = 10 * 6

Price = $60


Related Questions

The Baldwin Company currently has the following balances on their balance sheet: Total Assets $260,881 Total Liabilities $150,673 Retained Earnings $52,700 Suppose next year the Baldwin Company generates $44,200 in net profit, pays $12,000 in dividends, total assets increase by $55,000, and total liabilities remain unchanged. What will ending Baldwins balance in Common Stock be next year

Answers

Answer:

common stock = $80,308

Explanation:

assets = liabilities + equity

current balance:

$260,881 = $150,673 + $110,208

$110,208 = common stock + retained earnings = $57,508 + $52,700

next year:

net income = $44,200

dividends = $12,000

assets = $260,881 + $55,000 = $315,881

liabilities = $150,673

equity = $315,881 - $150,673 = $165,208

retained earnings = $52,700 + $44,200 - $12,000 = $84,900

common stock = $165,208 - $84,900 = $80,308

Do you believe the cash flows from investing activities should include not only the return of investment, but also the return on investment, that is the interest and dividend revenue?

Answers

Answer:

Yes. Cash flows from investing activities should also include return on investment.

Explanation:

Dividend and Interest revenue arise as a result of the Investments that were made by the company and as such constitutes cash flow from investing activities of a Company.

An investor buys a $1,000 par TIPS security with 3 years to maturity, a semiannual coupon, and a 4.25% coupon rate. If inflation over the next 6 months is 2.50%, what will be the first coupon payment that the TIPS investor will receive?

Answers

Answer:

$1,184.34

Explanation:

Adjusted face value = 1,000 * (1+2.50%) ^ (3*2)

Adjusted face value = 1,000 * 1.025^6

Adjusted face value = 1,000 * 1.159693

Adjusted face value = $1,159.693

Final payment = Coupon + Adjusted principal

= 1,159.693 * (4.25%/2) + 1,159.693

= 1,159.693 * 0.02125 + 1,159.693

= 24.6435 + 1,159.693

= 1,184.3365

= $1,184.34

Because of the ability to override internal controls, it is usually most difficult to prevent which type of fraud?

Answers

Answer: The fraud that is committed by a company president

Explanation:

Because of the ability to override internal controls, it is difficult to prevent the fraud that is committed by a company president.

Overiding the existing rules and policies guiding the organization makes it hard for the president Frau to be prevented.

How much does real GDP per capita need to increase in South Korea in 2011 to achieve a growth rate consistent with its 60-year average (1950-2010)

Answers

Answer:  $‭1,820

Explanation:

From the snapshot it is shown that for the period 1950 to 2010, South Korea had achieved a growth rate of 5.54% per annum.

In 2010, South Korea had a Real GDP of $32,855.

To maintain the 5.54% rate, the GDP pr capita would have to increase by;

= $32,855 * 5.54%

= $‭1,820.167‬

= $‭1,820

In which of the following organization forms is the owners' legal responsibility for the debt of the business limited to the amount they invested in the business?
a. Cooperative
b. Sole proprietorship
c. Partnership
d. Corporation

Answers

Answer:

d. Corporation

Explanation:

The Corporation is the business form of an organization in which it has the separate legal entity from its owners. Also, there is a limited liability towards any debt that invested in the business and whenever the person think for an organization so he thinks for the long term

Here in the given situation, the corporation is the best choice as it it has the limited liability of the amount invested

Hence, the correct answer is d.

A government bond with a coupon rate of 5% makes semiannual coupon payments on January 12 and July 12 of each year. The Wall Street Journal reports the asked price for the bond on January 27 at $1,004.375. What is the invoice price of the bond? The coupon period has 182 days.

Answers

Answer:

invoice price (dirty price) = $1,006.435

Explanation:

semi-annual coupon = $1,000 x 5% x 1/2 = $25

clean price = $1,004.375

accrued interest = (Jan. 27 - Jan. 12) x $25 x 1/182 = $2.06

invoice price (dirty price) = clean price + accrued interest = $1,004.375 + $2.06 = $1,006.435

the dirty price or invoice price of a bond includes any accrued interest that the bond may have earned in the period between the last coupon payment and the transaction date.

A preferred share of Coquihalla Corporation will pay a dividend of $8 in the upcoming year and every year thereafter; that is, dividends are not expected to grow. You require a return of 7% on this stock. Using the constant-growth DDM to calculate the value of Coquihalla Corporation is worth _________. A. $13.50 B. $45.50 C. $91 D. $114.29

Answers

Answer:

$114.29

Explanation:

A preferred share of Coquihalla corporation will pay a dividend of $8

The return on the stock is 7%

= 7/100

= 0.07

Therefore, by using the constant growth DMM the worth of the corporation can be calculated as follows

Vo= 8/0.07

= $114.29

Hence the value of Coquihalla corporation is worth $114.29

wHAT is the largest private operator of health care facilities in the world with hundred of facilities in over 20 states. In 2006, private equity buyers took the company private in a $31.6 billion acquisition. In broad terms how costly do you think financial distress would be to HCA if it began to appear the company might be having difficulty servicing its debt

Answers

Answer:

Hey There!! The answer to this is HCA: Because HCA Is The Largest Private Operator Of Health Care Facilities In The World With Hundrd Of Facilities In Over 20 States. In 2006, Private Equity Buyers Took The Company Private In A $31.6 Billion Acquisition.

Hope It Helped!~ ♡

ItsNobody~ ☆

An investment offers a total return of 12.0 percent over the coming year. Janice Yellen thinks the total real return on this investment will be only 6.0 percent. What does Janice believe the inflation rate will be over the next year?

Answers

Answer:

inflation rate= 0.06= 6%

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Interest rate= 12%

Real rate of return= 6%

The inflation rate is counterproductive to the interest rate. The inflation rate reduces the purchasing price, therefore it decreases the interest rate effect on nominal money.

Real interest rate= interest rate - inflation rate

0.06 = 0.12 - inflation rate

inflation rate= 0.12 - 0.06

inflation rate= 0.06= 6%

Rinaldo then wants to know whether you understand the impact of errors on the trial balance. If there are errors in the accounts in the general ledger, the trial balance:

Answers

Answer: c. may or may not balance

Explanation:

Even though there are errors in the General Ledger, it is not a given that the Trial Balance will not balance. The purpose of the Trial balance is to match the debits in the company to the credits. This means that if the errors in the General Ledger were still put on the correct side then the Trial Balance would still balance.

For instance, if utility expenses were debited to Purchases in error, both accounts fall on the debit side of the Trial Balance so the Trial Balance would still balance regardless of the error.

Paige Company estimates that unit sales will be 10,800 in quarter 1, 12,700 in quarter 2, 14,800 in quarter 3, and 18,500 in quarter 4. Using a sales price of $85 per unit. Prepare the sales budget by quarters for the year ending December 31, 2017.

Answers

Answer:

Results are below.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Paige Company estimates that unit sales will be 10,800 in quarter 1, 12,700 in quarter 2, 14,800 in quarter 3, and 18,500 in quarter 4. Using a sales price of $85 per unit.

Sales Budget:

Q1:

Sales= 10,800*85= $918,000

Q2:

Sales= 12,700*85= $1,079,500

Q3:

Sales= 14,800*85= $1,258,000

Q4:

Sales= 18,500*85= $1,572,500

Bramble Corp. recorded operating data for its shoe division for the year. Sales$1300000 Contribution margin360000 Controllable fixed costs180000 Average total operating assets720000 How much is controllable margin for the year

Answers

Answer:

controllable margin for the year is $180,000.

Explanation:

The Controllable Margin is the Profit that is controllable by the divisional manager.

Calculation of Controllable Margin :

Contribution Margin                 $360,000

Less Controllable fixed costs ($180,000)

Division Controllable Margin    $180,000

true or false: a supply curve describes how much a producer of services are willing to sell at different prices

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The supply curve is a graph showing the quantities of a good or service a supplier is willing and able to supply at differnt prices.

According to the law of supply. the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied and the lower the price, the lower the quantity supplied.

the supply curve is upward sloping

Macklin Company forecasts that total overhead for the current year will be $13,500,000 with 500,000 total machine hours. Year to date, the actual overhead is $14,000,000 and the actual machine hours are 530,000 hours. If Macklin Company uses a predetermined overhead rate based on machine hours for applying overhead, as of this point in time (year to date), the overhead is

Answers

Answer:

Instructions are below.

Explanation:

Giving the following information:

Macklin Company forecasts that total overhead for the current year will be $13,500,000 with 500,000 total machine hours.

Year to date, the actual overhead is $14,000,000 and the actual machine hours are 530,000 hours.

First, we need to calculate the predetermined overhead rate:

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= total estimated overhead costs for the period/ total amount of allocation base

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= 13,500,000/500,000

Predetermined manufacturing overhead rate= $27 per machine-hour

Now, we can allocate overhead:

Allocated MOH= Estimated manufacturing overhead rate* Actual amount of allocation base

Allocated MOH= 27*530,000= 14,310,000

Finally, the under/over allocated overhead:

Under/over applied overhead= real overhead - allocated overhead

Under/over applied overhead= 14,000,000 - 14,310,000

Under/over applied overhead= 310,000 overallocated

Factor Co. can produce a unit of product for the following costs: Direct material $ 8.40 Direct labor 24.40 Overhead 42.00 Total costs per unit $ 74.80 An outside supplier offers to provide Factor with all the units it needs at $43.40 per unit. If Factor buys from the supplier, the company will still incur 70% of its overhead. Factor should choose to:

Answers

Answer: Buy since the relevant cost to make it is $46.45.

Explanation:

given data:

Direct material = $ 8.40

Direct labor = 24.40

Overhead = 42.00

Total costs per unit = $ 74.80

had to complete the question.

Multiple Choice

Buy since the relevant cost to make it is $63.85.

Make since the relevant cost to make it is $46.45.

Buy since the relevant cost to make it is $46.45.

Make since the relevant cost to make it is $33.40.

Buy since the relevant cost to make it is $33.40.

Solution:

Relevant cost to consider = Direct Material + Direct labor + (Overhead * 30%)

= $8.70 + $24.70 + ($43.50 * 30%)

= $46.45

Answer:

The units should purchased from the outside supplier.

Explanation:

production costs:

Direct material $8.40

Direct labor $24.40

Overhead $42.00

Total costs per unit $74.80

avoidable costs = $8.40 + $24.40 + (30% x $42) = $45.40

unavoidable costs = $74.80 - $45.40 = $29.40

costs of purchasing from outside vendor = $43.40 + $29.40 = $72.80

since the total costs of purchasing the unit from an outside vendor are lower than the total production costs, then they should buy them from the outside supplier.

GoSnow sells snowboards. Each snowboard requires direct materials of $128, direct labor of $53, and variable overhead of $63. The company expects fixed overhead costs of $844,976 and fixed selling and administrative costs of $391,000 for the next year. The company has a target profit of $290,000. It expects to produce and sell 11,800 snowboards in the next year. The company has a target profit of $189,800. It expects to produce and sell 11,800 snowboards in the next year. Required:Compute the selling price using the variable cost method.

Answers

Answer:

$364.83

Explanation:

The computation of selling price using the variable cost method is shown below:-

Sales units for target profit = (Total fixed costs + Target profit) ÷ (Selling price per unit - Total Variable cost per unit)

11,800 = ($1,235,976 + $189,800) ÷ (Selling price per unit - $244)

11,800 = ($1,425,776) ÷ (Selling price per unit - $244)

(Selling price per unit - $244) = $1,425,776 ÷ 11,800

(Selling price per unit - $244) = 120.83

Selling price per unit = $120.83 + 244

= $364.83

Working note

Total fixed cost = Fixed overhead costs + Fixed selling and administrative costs

= $844,976 + $391,000

= $1,235,976

Total variable cost = Direct materials + Direct labor + and variable overhead

= $128 + $53 + $63

= $244

A ________ externality exists when the number of customers who purchase a good or use it influences the quantity demanded.

Answers

Answer: network

Explanation:

Network externality simply states that demand for a good or service has to do with how other people demand for that particular good or service. It means consumer's buying patterns are influenced by the purchase of others buying the product.

Therefore, a network externality exists when the number of customers who purchase a good or use it influences the quantity demanded.

g An increase in taxes when the economy is above full employment ​ ______ aggregate demand and real​ GDP, and the price level​ ______.

Answers

Answer:

C.  ​decreases; falls

Explanation:

As we know that

The rise in taxes results in low disposable income for individuals that lowered the spending of the consumer also the consumer spending is an element of the aggregate demand so ultimately it declines that result the curve to shift leftward or downward

Due to this, the real GDP also falls, and the price level too

Hence, the correct option is c.

On July 1, Shady Creek Resort borrowed $320,000 cash by signing a 10-year, 11.5% installment note requiring equal payments each June 30 of $55,480. What amount of interest expense will be included in the first annual payment

Answers

Answer:

$36,800

Explanation:

The total amount of interest expense included in the first annual principal

= Principal's balance × yearly interest rate

= $320,000 × 11.5%

= $36,800

The principal's balance after the first payment is

= $320,000 - $36,800

= $283,200

The interest expense included in the second payment is

$283,200 × 11.5%

= $32,568

he carrying value of Blossom’s net identifiable assets, including the goodwill, at year-end is $855,000. Prepare Cullumber’s journal entry, if necessary, to record impairment of goodwill.

Answers

Answer:

Goodwill Impairment (Debit)

           Goodwill (Credit)

Explanation:

In case goodwill is impaired, then the entry to record this impairment will be Goodwill Impairment Debit and Goodwill Credit.

By crediting the Goodwill, the account will be reduced. This shows that the business is currently worth less than is accounted for. The Goodwill account is reduced to identify this difference.

The Impairment loss is an expense and must be reflected in the income statement. Therefore, while we reduce Goodwill amount from balance sheet. We record the expense on the income statement, which would mean that the current year profit amount will be reduced.

Data pertaining to a company's joint production for the current period follows
L M
Quantities produced 310 lbs 260 lbs
Market value at split-off point . $10.2Mb $20.4/lb
Compute the cost to be allocated to Product L for this period's $792 of joint costs if the value basis is used. (Do not round intermediate calculations.)
a. $295.81.
b. $49619.
c. $39600.
d. $2,926.00.
e. $962.19.

Answers

Answer:

a. $295.81

Explanation:

Total market value = (310 * 10.2) + (260 * 20.4)

Total market value = 3,162 + 5,304

Total market value = 8466

Joint cost allocated to L on basis of value

= [ (310 * 10.2) / 8,466] * 792

= (3,162 / 8,466) * 792

= $295.81

Bing engaged Dill to perform personal services for $2,200 a month for a period of four months. The contract was entered into orally on July 1, 1984, and performance was to commence on September 1, 1984. On August 10, Dill anticipatorily repudiated the contract. As a result, Bing:

Answers

Answer:

Bing can immediately sue for breach of contract

Explanation:

Based on the scenario that is being described, Bing can immediately sue for breach of contract. Breaching a contract is when one party in a binding agreement fails to deliver according to the terms of the agreement. When Dill made an anticipatory repudiation, he basically stated that he does not intend to live up to the obligations of the contract that he had agreed to, therefore breaching the contract and becoming liable.

Bronco Corporation discovered these errors in August of Year 3:

Year Depreciation Overstated Prepaid Expense Omitted
1 $2500 $3000
2 4000 2000

Assume all current items are two months in duration. Net Income for Year 2 was $18,000. Assume all errors are discovered in August of Year #3. The Year #2 books are closed. The net effect on Year #3 Beginning Retained Earnings caused by the August Year #3 correcting journal entries was:

a. $5,500
b. $6,500
c. $6,000
d. $8,500
e. $4,500

Answers

Answer:

e. $4,500

Explanation:

Year            Depreciation overstated         Prepaid expense omitted

1                              $2,500                                $3,000

2                             $4,000                                $2,000

Year 2's net income = net income (year 2) + overstated depreciation (year 2) + omitted prepaid expenses (year 1) - omitted prepaid expenses (year 2) = $18,000 + $4,000 + $3,000 - $2,000 = $23,000

This means that year 2's net income was understated by $5,000.

But year 1's net income was overstated by = $2,500 - $3,000 = -$500.

The adjustment on the retained earnings account should be $5,000 - $500 = $4,500

The beta of company Myers’s stock is 2. The annual risk-free rate is 2% and the annual market premium is 8%. What is the expected return for Myers’ stock? A. 14% B. 25% C. 20% D. 18

Answers

Answer:

18%

Explanation:

Myers's stock has a beta of 2

The annual risk free rate is 2%

The annual market premium is 8%

Therefore, the expected return for Myers's stock can be calculated as follows

= 2% + (2×8%)

= 2% + 16%

= 18%

Hence the expected return for Myers's stock is 18%

Open space arrangements in workstations increase communication and potentially decrease noise, distractions, and loss of privacy.
a. true
b. false

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

while open space arrangement increases communication, it also increases noise, distractions, and loss of privacy.

Answer:

b. False

Explanation:

Although open space arrangement in a workstation increases communication , yet such communication would eventually lead to an increase noise, distractions and loss of privacy. This is the reason why modern organizations preferred the use of cubicle in demarcating spaces allocated to their employees.

The advantage of using cubicle as demarcation is that there will be less noise and distractions hence leads to increase in productivity . An employee would also have his or her privacy unlike an open space arrangement.

Nordstrom, Inc. operates department stores in numerous states. Suppose selected financial statement data (in millions) for 2020 are presented below.
End of Year Beginning of Year
Cash and cash equivalents $1,424 $140
Accounts receivable (net) 4,000 3,800
Inventory 1,800 1,800
Other current assets 636 591
Total current assets $7,860 $6,331
Total current liabilities $3,930 $3,122
For the year, net credit sales were $8,258 million, cost of goods sold was $5,328 million, and net cash provided by operating activities was $1,251 million.
Instructions:
Compute the current ratio, current cash debt coverage, accounts receivable turnover, average collection period, inventory turnover, and days in inventory at the end of the current year.

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The computation is shown below:-

1. Current ratio is

= Current Assets ÷ Current Liabilities

= $7,860 ÷ $3,930

= 2

2. Current cash debt coverage is

= Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities ÷ Average Current Liabilities

Average Current Liabilities = ($3,930 + $3,122) ÷ 2

= $3,526

Current Cash Debt Coverage Ratio = $1,251 ÷ $3,526

= 25.48%

3. Accounts receivable turnover is

= Net Credit Sales ÷ Average Accounts Receivables

= $8,258 ÷ (($4,000 + $3,800) ÷ 2)

= $8,258 ÷ $3,900

= 2.12 times

4. Average collection period is

= 365 ÷ Account Receivable Turnover

= 365 ÷ 2.12

= 172.17

5. Inventory Turnover is

= Cost of Goods Sold ÷ Average Inventory

= $5,328 ÷ ((1,800 + 1,800) ÷ 2

= $5,328 ÷ 1,800

= 2.96

6. Days in Inventory is

= 365 ÷ Inventory Turnover Ratio

= 365 ÷ 2.96

= 123.31 days

When the actual cost of direct materials used exceeds the standard cost, the company must have experienced an unfavorable direct materials price variance.

a. True
b. False

Answers

Answer:

True

Explanation:

The cost was bigger than they had budgeted for, so it was an unfavorable variance.

Jasper makes a $27,000, 90-day, 8.0% cash loan to Clayborn Co. Jasper's entry to record the collection of the note and interest at maturity should be: (Use 360 days a year.)

Answers

Answer:

Dr Cash $25,500

Cr Interest Revenue $500

Cr Notes Receivable $25,000

Explanation:

Based on the information we were told Jasper makes the amount of $27,000 which include 90-day and 8.0% cash loan to Clayborn Co, which means that Jasper's Journal entry to record the collection of the note and interest at maturity should be:

Dr Cash $25,500

(25,000+500)

Cr Interest Revenue $500

(25,000*8%*90/360)

Cr Notes Receivable $25,000

Beginning in 6 years, (beginning of years 6, 7,8 and 9) Sally Mander will receive four annual benefit checks of $12,000 each. If Sally assumes an interest rate of 7%, what is the present value of these checks?

Answers

Answer:

$28,980

Explanation:

The present value can be calculated by multiplying annual cashflows with the discount factor. The table to calculate the Present Value has been made below.

DATA

Annual benefit = $12,000

Discount rate = 7%

Present value =?

Calculation

Year      Cash inflows Discount factor Present Value

6            $12,000                   0.666              $7,992

7            $12,000                   0.623              $7,476

8            $12,000                   0.582              $6,984

9            $12,000                   0.544              $6,528  

Total                                                               $28,980

Other Questions
The narrator of 'The Leap" describes walking to a gravesite justdown the highway when she was growing up. Who is buried inthat gravesite?Athe unborn daughter whom her mother lost in the circus disasterBthe spectators who were lost in the circus disasterher mother's first husbandDher fatherHelp!Please Explain what, if any, is the issue facing DNA polymerase in regards to its 5->3 activity when replicating DNA. . Over the next two days, Clinton Employment Agency is interviewing clients who wish to find jobs. On the first day, the agency plans to interview clients in groups of 2. On the second day, the agency will interview clients in groups of 4. If the employment agency will interview the same number of clients on each day, what is the smallest number of clients that could be interviewed each day? 12. a trader gained 15% by selling anarticle for N1560.00, what is the costprice of the article? Someone please give me a example of a persuasive essay!!! Describe three Chinese inventions and their impact on later civilizations? The hotel bill for a number of people for overnight stay is 4800. If there were 4 more the bill of each person had to pay would have reduced by 200. Find the number of people staying over night Calculate the [H+] and pH of a 0.0010 M acetic acid solution. The Ka of acetic acid is 1.76105. Use the method of successive approximations in your calculations. Kaylees customers seem to be buying less of her freshly baked breads and more of her yogurt parfaits and coffees. She begins to ask customers at the checkout why they made their selection. She learns that many of her customers are choosing a gluten-free diet. She changes her breads and now is selling gluten-free breads and most days sells out. Kaylee used Let A and B be events. The symmetric difference A?B is defined to be the set of all elements that are in A or B but not both.In logic and engineering, this event is also called the XOR (exclusive or) of A and B.Show that P(AUB) = P(A) + P(B)-2P(AnB), directly using the axioms of probability. The application layer process that sends mail uses __________. When a client sends email, the client process connects with a server process on well-known port __________. A client retrieves email, however, using one of two application layer protocols: ________ or ________. With ________, mail is downloaded from the server to the client and then deleted on the server. The server starts the __________ service by passively listening on TCP port __________ for client connection requests. However, when a client connects to ta server running __________, copies of the messages are downloaded to the client applications. The original messages are kept on the server until they are manually deleted. Drag the correct labels to the box. Not all labels will be used.Identify the statements that correctly describe the story of the ancient Hebrews.The people first had a polytheistic religion that involved worshiping many gods.The promises that God made to Abraham would happen only if Abraham obeyed God.Abraham was chosen by a prophet to be the next leader of the people,God referred to Abraham as Israel, which is how they got the name Israelites.The story of the ancient Hebrews is found in the Hebrew Bible.Twelve Israelite tribes formed the kingdom of Israel in the land of Canaan. Commercially reasonable means Multiple Choice observing industry standards and practices that are generally accepted throughout various industries as proper business practices. charging a fair price for goods and not taking advantage of others in the industry. getting the highest price possible for goods without violating the law. observing industry standards and practices that may be unique to the particular industry. The length of a garden is 64m. The width is 24m. Posts for a fence will be made at equal distances around the garden, as far apart from each other as possible. How far apart can the posts be? Why was Iwo Jima a major step in the Allies' island hopping campaign?O The Allies needed its significant natural resources.O It was the site of Japan's missile defense system.O Its airfields would enable them to attack Japan,O The Japanese had yet to invade the island. Which process involves a decrease in the dispersal of matter? Select the correct answer below: heat exchange between two solids Which of the following statements is correct? Group of answer choices An object of type Employee can call the setProjectName method on itself. The Employee class's setDepartment method overrides the Programmer class's setDepartment method. An object of type Programmer can call the setDepartment method of the Employee class on itself. An object of type Employee can call the setDepartment method of the Programmer class on itself. When dividing polynomials using factorization, canceling identical factors in the denominator and the numerator will give the _______. Why did traditional church leaders reject the preaching of the Great Awakening? The number of boxes of cookies you buy or the amount the cookies will cost in dollars which one is independent vairable