Answer:
a. External
Explanation:
There are only two types of locus of control and these are internal and external. In this scenario, John's locus of control would be external. This is because John is connecting various external forces that he cannot control, to the performance of the sales team. This indicates an external locus of control. If John where to instead attribute something such as hard work and training to his sales team's perfomance, then that would be considered an internal locus of control.
If the U.S. economy is producing at a level that is substantially less than potential GDP and the government's budget deficits are increasing aggregate demand, then ____________________________ is not much of a danger.
Answer:
an inflationary increase in the price level.
Explanation:
Monetary policy can be defined as the actions (macroeconomic policies) adopted and undertaken by the central bank of a particular country to control the money supply and interest rates so as to boost or enhance economic growth. The central bank uses monetary policies to manage inflation, economic growth through long-term interest rates and level of unemployment in a country.
In order to boost economic growth, a monetary policy is implemented to increase money supply (liquidity). Also, it is used to prevent inflation by reducing money supply.
An inflationary gap, also referred to as an expansionary gap in economics, is typically used for measuring the difference between the gross domestic product (GDP) and the current level of Real Gross Domestic Products that exists when a country's economy is gauged at a full employment rate. Consequently, this situation causes the price of goods and services to go up with a low income level among the people living in the country.
A budget deficit is the amount by which spending exceeds income.
All other factors held constant or all things being equal (ceteris paribus), an increase in government's budget deficit drives the interest rate up.
Generally, when there's a deficit in government budget, they resort to issuing more bonds or borrowing money from creditors. These creditors are likely to be sceptical about the government's ability to repay the debt and as such would increase the interest rate.
Hence, an inflationary increase in the price level of goods and services is not much of a danger if the U.S. economy is producing at a level that is substantially less than potential gross domestic product (GDP) and the aggregate demand is being increased by government's budget deficits.
Glaston Company manufactures a single product using a JIT inventory system. The production budget indicates that the number of units expected to be produced are 195,000 in October, 203,500 in November, and 200,000 in December. Glaston assigns variable overhead at a rate of $0.70 per unit of production. Fixed overhead equals $152,000 per month. Compute the total budgeted overhead for October.
Answer:
the budgeted overhead for October is $288,500
Explanation:
The computation of the budgeted overhead for October is given below:
The budgeted overhead is
= fixed overhead + variable overhead
= $152,000 + 195,000 units × $0.70
= $152,000 + $136,500
= $288,500
Hence, the budgeted overhead for October is $288,500
Therefore the same is to be considered
Which of the following are steps in process costing? Select one: A. Visualize the physical flow of units B. Calculate the equivalent units C. Determine the per-unit costs D. Calculate the Cost of Goods Manufactured and the Ending WIP Inventory E. All of the above
Answer: E. All of the above
Explanation:
In process costing, all of the above are used. Process costing is used for the production of goods that a re homogenous so the cost is the same for all the goods.
First one must visualize the flow of the goods to see the costs they incur at each stage. The equivalent units should then be calculated as this would show the number of units that the cost is being assigned to. Next is to divide the costs incurred by the equivalent units to find the cost per unit. Then calculate the cost of goods manufactured based on the manufactured and ending inventory
Ransom Widgets allocates the estimated cost of its accounting department, $200,000, to its production and sales departments since the accounting department supports these departments with regard to payroll and accounts payable functions. The accounting department costs will be allocated based on the number of employees using the direct method. Information regarding employees follows:
Department Employees
Accounting 4
Production 36
Sales 12
How much of the accounting department costs will be allocated to the production and sales departments, respectively?
a. Production Sales
$150,000 $50,000
b. Production Sales
$180,000 $60,000
c. Production Sales
$1,800,000 $600,000
d. Production Sales
$22,222 $66,667
Answer:
a. Production Sales
$150,000 $50,000
Explanation:
Given that
Number of employees in Production Dept. 36
Number of employees in Sales Dept. 12
So,
Total Number of employees is
= 36 + 12
=48
Now
Cost allocated to Production Dept. is
= $200,000 × 36 ÷ 48
= $150,000.00
And, the Cost allocated to Sales Dept. is
= $200,000 × 12 ÷ 48
= $50,000.00
On December 28, I. M. Greasy, Catering completed $600 of catering services. As of December 31, the customer had not been billed nor had the transaction been recorded. Demonstrate the required adjusting entry by choosing the correct statement below.
Credit Acciunts receivable for $600.
Credit Catering revenue for $600.
Debit Unearned revenue for $600.
Debit Accounts receivable for $600.
Answer: Debit Accounts receivable for $600.
Explanation:
The customer had not been billed so that means that they still owe the company. This would make them an accounts receivable so the adjusting entry will have to debit the Accounts Receivable account for $600 to show that it is increasing.
This amount will be credited to the Accrued revenue account to show that the cash has not yet been received.
Job enlargement tends to deter an employee's development because:_________
a. it is so time-consuming.
b. means adding new challenges and responsibilities to an employee's current job.
c. means moving the position up the organizational hierarchy.
d. refers to hiring more people for the same job category.
Answer:
b. means adding new challenges and responsibilities to an employee's current job.
Explanation:
Job enlargement refers to rise in the scope of the job via extending the range with respective to the duties and responsibilities of the job normally at the similar level. It means it added the different kind of activities at the similar level and the same is to be added in the existing job
So here the fear in the employee development is that they need to add the new challenges and responsibilities
Therefore the option b is correct
What are the purposes of the Democratic leadership style?
Answer:
#It brings peace in the society.
#It increases the growth/development of a society.
#It enables civilians of a society to express themselves.
Answer:
Democratic leadership is a type of leadership in which the Group's members play a more participatory role.
Explanation:
This leadership style allows everyone to participate, discuss ideas, hear their views, and encourage debate. However, the group leader still needs guidance and guidance to achieve the goals and goals.
Members of the Group are encouraged to share opinions and ideas, even if the leader retains the last say in decisions.Group members feel more committed to the process.Creativity is promoted and recompensed.As there is group engagement and discussion, more thoughts and ideas lead to better ideas and solutions, the main benefit of a democratic leadership style.
The participants in a group participate more in and engage in projects that increase their investment in the final results. In essence, they care more and increase productivity.
Keller Construction is considering two new investments. Project E calls for the purchase of earthmoving equipment. Project H represents an investment in a hydraulic lift. Keller wishes to use a net present value profile in comparing the projects. The investment and cash flow patterns are as follows:
Project E Project H
($30,000 Investment) ($28,000 Investment)
Year Cash Flow Year Cash Flow
1 $8,000 1 $17,000
2 11,000 2 12,000
3 12,000 3 10,000
4 15,000
Required:
a. Determine the net present value of the projects based on a zero percent discount rate.
b. Determine the net present value of the projects based on a discount rate of 11 percent.
a. The net present value of project E based on a 0% discount rate is $16,000
The net present value of project H based on an 11% discount rate is $11,000
b. The net present value of project E based on a 0% discount rate is $4,790.32
The net present value of project H based on an 11% discount rate is $4,366.70
Net present value is the present value of after-tax cash flows from an investment less the amount invested.
Only projects with a positive NPV should be accepted. A project with a negative NPV should not be chosen because it isn't profitable.
When choosing between positive NPV projects, choose the project with the highest NPV first because it is the most profitable.
NPV can be calculated using a financial calculator
Project E
Cash flow in year 0 = -30,000
Cash flow in year 1 = $8,000
Cash flow in year 2 = $11,000
Cash flow in year 3 = $12,000
Cash flow in year 4 = $15,000
NPV when I is 0% = $16,000
NPV when I is 11% = $4,366.70
Project H
Cash flow in year 0 = $-28,000
Cash flow in year 1 = $17,000
Cash flow in year 2 = $12,000
Cash flow in year 3 = $10,000
NPV when I is 0% = $11,000
NPV when I is 11% = $4,366.70
To determine NPV using a financial calculator take the following steps:
1. Input the cash flow values by pressing the CF button. After inputting the value, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
2. after inputting all the cash flows, press the NPV button, input the value for I, press enter and the arrow facing a downward direction.
3. Press compute
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(b). Cassava is the main commodity in the economy of Dumpusi. Given the hardship in the intervention, the number of cassava producers also increased in the community. In a class discussion, your Economics Lecturer said these two events would result in an increase in With the aid of a diagram, explain the possible effects of the two events on equilibrium price equilibrium price of cassava. Mary, your classmate, argues that the price will rather decrease. and quantity, assuming the salary increase has a greater impact and cassava is a normal good.
Answer:
prices decrease actually
Explanation:
with that much of cassava producers the market of the product just loses its value as it is that common that the only way to making money would be to say something about based on the communities beliefs to raise attention like "Buy some cassava to make the gods happy" something most common in African society
The Assembly Department produced 1,000 units of product during March. Each unit required 1.25 standard direct labor hours. There were 1,300 actual hours used in the Assembly Department during March at an actual rate of $12 per hour. The standard direct labor rate is $12.5 per hour.
Required:
Assuming direct labor for a month is paid on the fifth day of the following month, journalize the direct labor in the Assembly Department on March 31.
Answer:
Debit Work in process for $15,625
Debit Direct labor time variance for $625
Credit Direct labor rate variance for $650
Credit Wage payable for $15,600
Explanation:
Before preparing the journal, the following calculations are done first:
Wage payable = Actual hours * Actual rate per hour = 1,300 * $12 = $15,600
Direct labor time variance = (Actual hours - Standard hours) * Standard direct labor rate = (1,300 - (1,000 * 1.25)) * $12.50 = $625 Unfavorable
Note: Direct labor time variance is Unfavorable because Actual hours is greater than Standard hours.
Direct labor rate variance = (Actual rate - Standard rate) * Actual hours = ($12 - $12.50) * 1,300 = -$650 Favorable
Note: Direct labor rate variance if Favorable because Actual rate is lower than the Standard rate.
Work in process = Wage payable + Absolute value of direct labor rate variance - Direct labor time variance = $15,600 + $650 - $625 = $15,625
The journal entries will now look as follows:
Date Particulars Debit ($) Credit ($)
Mar. 31 Work in process 15,625
Direct labor time variance 625
Direct labor rate variance 650
Wage payable 15,600
(To record the direct labor in the Assembly Department.)
Give examples if operational conflicts that could occur in a cross- cultural context because of different attitudes towards:1) time, 2) individualism. Give a country or region that would be different from the US for each of the two variables.
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Give examples of operational conflicts that could occur in a cross-cultural context because of different attitudes towards:1) time, 2) individualism.
Well, let's start with time. In the United States, time is of the utmost importance. There we have the old saying: "Time is money."
In the workplace, everything is based on the smart and efficient use of time. No time must be wasted in the workplace.
Individual effort is important in the American culture, but the team effort, the concept of being a good team player is very important under the following premise: teams can accomplish more than individuals.
What most Americans desire is individual recognition through team effort.
That is why team sports are so good in the United States because they exemplify the way teams function and what they can accomplish. For instance, college and pro football, basketball, and baseball.
The region that has a different approach, is Latin America. This does not mean that is better than the other, just that there are major differences between the two.
The management of time is very different in Latin American countries. It is not as important as the US. People in Latin America approach the concept of time in a more relaxed way. In Latin America, there is a more relaxed approach to time. Nothing is urgent, Things take time. Things are made at a different pace compared to the US.
And regarding individualism, Latin American people tend to prefer to be more individualistic to do things trying to get some recognition, The team concept is not as developed as in the US.
Summarize the Product Development Process
If the central bank did not follow the Taylor principle, an increase in inflation would lead to a decrease in ________.
A) the nominal interest
B) the real interest rate
C) aggregate output
D) all of the above
Answer:
B) the real interest rate
If people refused to use banks to create checkable deposits, the banking system would:__________
a) be able to expand the money supply by more than the money multiplier indicates.
b) not be affected in the money creating process.
c) not be able to create new money.
d) not have a way to loan out excess reserves.
Answer:
The banking system would definitely not be able to to create new money.
The banking system could not print fresh money if individuals refused to use banks to make checkable deposits. As a result, choice (C) is the best way to respond.
What is checkable deposits?Any demand deposit account that permits the writing of checks or drafts of any sort is referred to technically as having checkable deposits. An account with a demand deposit allows the owner to take money out immediately and without warning.
A negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW) or Super NOW account are examples of a negotiable draft that falls under this category. (Withdrawing money from NOW accounts may need a seven-day written notice; however, this is rarely necessary.)
With a checkable deposit account, the consumer has constant access to cash. There may be a monthly withdrawal restriction on some checkable deposit account types, such as money market accounts.
Hence, option (C) is accurate.
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WHAT ARE THE NEW LINKEDIN LIMITS?
Answer:
100 invites per week.
The new invite limits have been introduced by LinkedIn according to which you can’t send more than 100 invites per week. When you have reached the limit, a notification will pop up saying you’ve reached weekly limits.
You can’t do anything about it until the new week starts and the weekly limit resets.
A bank has agreed to lend you $53,000 for a home loan. The loan will be fully amortized over 39 years at 13.50%, with .44 points. The loan payments will be monthly. The closing cost is estimated to be $3,894 and you plan to refinance the mortgage in 8 years. Calculate the actuarial rate.
Answer:
the actuarial rate is $599.44
Explanation:
The computation of the actuarial rate is given below:
= $53000 × 1.13% × (1+1.13%)^468) ÷ ((1 + 1.13%)^468 - 1)
= $599.44
The 1.13% comes from
= 13.50% ÷ 12
= 1.13%
And, the 468 comes from
= 39 × 12
= 468
Therefore the actuarial rate is $599.44
The same is to be relevant
Please calculate GDP using the following information: Government purchases - $200 billion Depreciation - $60 billion Investment - $80 billion Consumption - $600 billion Exports - $100 billion Imports - $120 billion Income receipts from the rest of the world - $10 billion Income payments to the rest of the world - $8 billion
Answer:
The GDP is $860 billion.
Explanation:
The gross domestic product (GDP) can be calculated using the expenditure approach formula as follows:
Y = C + I + G + (X - M) ....................................... (1)
Where:
Y = GDP = ?
C = Consumption = $600 billion
I = Investment - $80 billion
G = Government purchases = $200 billion
X = Exports = $100 billion
M = Imports = $120 billion
Substituting the values into equation (1), we have:
Y = $600 + $80 + $200 + ($100 - $120) = $860 billion
Therefore, the GDP is $860 billion.
Classifying all data in an organization may be impossible. There has been an explosion in the amount of unstructured data, logs, and other data retained in recent years. Trying to individually inspect and label terabytes of data is expensive, time consuming, and not productive. Different approaches can be employed to reduce this challenge. Which of the following is not one these approaches?
A. Classify only the data that is most vital and contains the highest risk to the organization
B. Classify data by point of origin or storage location.
C. Classify data at use or time of inception.
D. Classify all forms of data no matter the risk to the organization.
If sales are $798,000, variable costs are 72% of sales, and operating income is $258,000, what is the contribution margin ratio?
a. 72%
b. 68%
c. 28%
d. 32%
Which of the following statements about the monetary aggregates is true?
a. The growth rates of M1 and M2 always track each other closely.
b. M1 is greater than M2.
c. When the growth rate of M2 increases, the growth rate of M1 must also increase.
d. When you transfer funds from your savings account to your checking account, M1 increases and M2 stays the same.
Given that, in billions of U.S. dollars, we have in currency, in demand deposits, in traveler's checks, in savings deposits, and in other checkable deposits. The total M1 amount in this economy is $__________
Answer: D. When you transfer funds from your savings account to your checking account, M1 increases and M2 stays the same.
Explanation:
1. Since M2 = M1 + Saving deposit + Time deposits + Money Market deposit of individuals, then from the options given, the true statement about the monetary aggregate is that when you transfer funds from your savings account to your checking account, M1 increases and M2 stays the same. Therefore, the fire option is D.
2. Your second question isn't well written but let's assume some figures in order to solve the question.
Let's say,
Currency = $863.2 billion
Demand deposit = $573.5 billion
Traveler's cheque = $3.8 billion
Savings deposit = $5237.8
Other checkable deposit = $319
Therefore, the total M1 amount in this economy will be:
M1 = Currency + Demand deposit + Travelers check + Other checkable deposits
= 863.2 + 573.5 + 3.8 + 319
= $1759.5 billion
Mewing Company net sales revenue of $100,000, operating expenses of $50,000, and net income of $25,000. What is the percentage that will be shown for operating expenses in the vertical (common size) income statement
Answer:
poop is the place to go. as long a as there is a bathroom nearby
Your boss asked you to analyze Green Hamster Manufacturing's performance for the past three years and prepare a report that includes a benchmarking of the company's performance. Using the company's last three years of financial reports, you've calculated its financial ratios, including the ratios of Green Hamster Manufacturing's competition-that is, comparable ratios of other participants in the industry-and submitted the report.
Along with calculating the ratios, what else is needed for your report?
a. Making observations and identifying trends that are suggested by the ratio analysis
b. Identifying the factors that drive the trends in the ratios
c. Both of the above
Most decision makers and analysts use five groups of ratios to examine the different aspects of a company's performance. Indicate whether each of the following statements regarding financial ratios are true or false?
Statements
One possible explanation for an increase in a firm's profitability ratios over a certain time span is that the company's income has increased.
Market-value or market-based ratios help analysts figure out what investors and the markets think about the firm's growth prospects or current and future operational performance.
A company exhibiting a high liquidity ratio means it is likely to have enough resources to pay off its short-term obligations.
Debt or financial leverage ratios help analysts determine whether a company has sufficient cash to repay its short-term debt obligations.
Asset management or activity ratios provide insights into management's efficiency in using a firm's working capital and long- term assets.
Ratio analysis is an important component of evaluating company performance. It can provide great insights into how a company matches up against itself over time and against other players within the industry. However, like many tools and techniques, ratio analysis has a few limitations and weaknesses. Which of the following statements represent a weakness or limitation of ratio analysis?
A. A firm may operate in multiple industries.
B. A firm's financial statements show only one period of financial data.
C. Different firms may use different accounting practices.
Ratio analysis is an important component of evaluating company performance. It can provide great insights into how a company matches up against itself over time and against other players within the industry. However, like many tools and techniques, ratio analysis has a few limitations and weaknesses.
Answer:
1. c. Both of the above
2. a. False
b. True
c. True
d. False
e. True
f. True
3. c. Different firms may use different accounting practices.
Explanation:
Ratio Analysis is one of the method to evaluate a company performance. It helps to analyse a company performance based on different financial metrics. Profitability ratios help to understand company profits position and identify reason for their increase or decrease. Liquidity ratios help understand company's ability to payoff its short term debt obligations.
What is the difference between independent and dependent demand. Group of answer choices independent iemand is based on market forces while Dependent demand is based on production schedule dependent demand is what determines independent demand independent demand is based on dependent demand dependent demand is based on sales while independent demand is based on management decisions
Answer:
independent demand is based on market forces while Dependent demand is based on production schedule
Explanation:
Independent demand is the demand for a finished product bought by a consumer e.g. the demand for a textbook by a student
independent demand is based on market forces e.g. the price of the good
Consumers would be more willing to purchase a good that is cheaper compared to other goods
Dependent demand is the demand for the factors of productions that are needed in the production of the final good or service. e.g. the demand for labour , purchase of inventory needed to produce a good
If consumers do not demand for the finished product, there would be no demand for the inventory
You purchased an automobile a year ago for $10,000. Its current market price is $6,000, and the expected market value one year from now is $4,000. If the interest rate is 10 percent, how much will it cost you to keep the car for an additional year (over and above operation and maintenance costs)
Answer: $2600
Explanation:
From the information given, the cost price of the automobile is $10000 but the current market price is $6000. If the automobile is old now for $6000 and the money is kept in a bank for.one year at an interest rate of 10%, then the interest gotten on it will be:
= $6000 × 10% × 1
= $600
In a situation whereby the automobile is sold the following year, then the price will be $4,000 and I will get $4,000. Therefore, the cost for keeping the car for an additional year will then be:
= (Current price - Future price) + Interest amount
= ($6,000 - $4,000) + $600
= $2,600.
Prove shylock is stubborn
Use the cost information below for Laurels Company to determine the manufacturing costs added during the current year:
Direct materials used $5,000
Direct labor used 7,000
Total factory overhead 5,100
Beginning work in process inventory 3,000
Ending work in process inventory 4,000
Answer:
$17,100
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the manufacturing costs added during the current year
Direct materials used $5,000
Add Direct Labor $7,000
Add Total Factory overhead $5,100
Total manufacturing $17,100
($5,000+$7,000+$5,100)
Therefore the manufacturing costs added during the current year is $17,100
A firm is making an economic loss of $100,000. This means that: multiple choice 1 the firm should immediately exit the industry. the firm's revenues are less than its opportunity costs. the firm is not making an accounting profit. the firm could increase economic profit if its resources were used in a different way. If a firm is making an economic profit of zero: multiple choice 2 it will have unhappy stockholders. it is not making an accounting profit. the firm should change to a different line of business. it cannot make a higher economic profit by changing how it is using its resources.
A firm is making an economic loss of $100,000. This means that:
Choice 1 -
The firm could increase economic profit if its resources were used in a different way.
If a firm is making an economic profit of zero:
Choice 2 -
It cannot make a higher economic profit by changing how it is using its resources.
What Is Economic Profit (or Loss)?An economic profit or loss is the difference between the revenue received from the sale of an output and the costs of all inputs used, as well as any opportunity costs. In calculating economic profit, opportunity costs and explicit costs are deducted from revenues earned.Opportunity costs are a type of implicit cost determined by management and will vary based on different scenarios and perspectives.The calculation for economic profit --Economic profit = revenues - explicit costs - opportunity costsLearn more about Economic Profit (or Loss) on:
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Kết luận sự thích ứng tâm lý của sinh viên năm nhất
Answer:
I think I should ask in English language
Your company is considering a project that will cost $100. The project will generate after-tax cash flows of $37.50 per year for five years. The WACC is 10 percent and the firm's D/A ratio is 0.70. The flotation cost for equity is 6 percent, the flotation cost for debt is 3 percent, and your firm does not plan on issuing any preferred stock within its capital structure. If your firm follows the practice of incorporating flotation costs into the project's initial investment, what is the weighted average flotation cost for the firm
Answer:
3.9%
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the weighted-average flotation cost for the firm
Using this formula
Weighted-average flotation cost =D/A ratio(Flotation cost for debt)+ Flotation cost for debt(Flotation cost for equity)
Let plug in the formula
Weighted-average flotation cost=.7(3%) + .3(6%)
Weighted-average flotation cost=.0021+.0018
Weighted-average flotation cost=.0039*100
Weighted-average flotation cost= 3.9%
Therefore the weighted-average flotation cost for the firm is 3.9%
3. Explain how the employees of an American organization and Bangladeshi organization will be culturally different in terms of power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity inde
Answer:
Explanation:
POWER DISTANCE : This dimension deals with the fact that all individuals in societies are not equal – it expresses the attitude of the culture towards these inequalities amongst us. Power Distance is defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organisations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally.
Bangladesh scores high on this dimension (score of 80) which means that people accept a hierarchical order in which everybody has a place and which needs no further justification. Hierarchy in an organization is seen as reflecting inherent inequalities, centralization is popular, subordinates expect to be told what to do and the ideal boss is a benevolent autocrat MASCULINITY : A high score (Masculine) on this dimension indicates that the society will be driven by competition, achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner / best in field – a value system that starts in school and continues throughout organisational life.
A low score (Feminine) on the dimension means that the dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life. A Feminine society is one where quality of life is the sign of success and standing out from the crowd is not admirable. The fundamental issue here is what motivates people, wanting to be the best (Masculine) or liking what you do (Feminine).
Bangladesh scores 55 on this dimension and can be considered a a Masculine society. In Masculine countries people “live in order to work”, managers are expected to be decisive and assertive, the emphasis is on equity, competition and performance and conflicts are resolved by fighting them out. UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE : The dimension Uncertainty Avoidance has to do with the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to deal with this anxiety in different ways. The extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by ambiguous or unknown situations and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these is reflected in the score on Uncertainty Avoidance.
Bangladesh scores 60 on this dimension and thus has an high score. Countries exhibiting high Uncertainty Avoidance maintain rigid codes of belief and behaviour and are intolerant of unorthodox behaviour and ideas. In these cultures there is an emotional need for rules (even if the rules never seem to work) time is money, people have an inner urge to be busy and work hard, precision and punctuality are the norm, innovation may be resisted, security is an important element in individual motivation.
