Answer:
Advanced forms of life existed on earth at least 3.55 billion years ago. In rocks of that age, fossilized imprints have been found of bacteria that look uncannily like cyanobacteria, the most highly evolved photosynthetic organisms present in the world today. Carbon deposits enriched in the lighter carbon-12 isotope over the heavier carbon-13 isotope-a sign of biological carbon assimilation-attest to an even older age. On the other hand, it is believed that our young planet, still in the throes of volcanic eruptions and battered by falling comets and asteroids, remained inhospitable to life for about half a billion years after its birth, together with the rest of the solar system, some 4.55 billion years ago. This leaves a window of perhaps 200-300 million years for the appearance of life on earth.
divine interventionThis duration was once considered too short for the emergence of something as complex as a living cell. Hence suggestions were made that germs of life may have come to earth from outer space with cometary dust or even, as proposed by Francis Crick of DNA double-helix fame, on a spaceship sent out by some distant civilization. No evidence in support of these proposals has yet been obtained. Meanwhile the reason for making them has largely disappeared. It is now generally agreed that if life arose spontaneously by natural processes-a necessary assumption if we wish to remain within the realm of science-it must have arisen fairly quickly, more in a matter of millennia or centuries, perhaps even less, than in millions of years. Even if life came from elsewhere, we would still have to account for its first development. Thus we might as well assume that life started on earth.
How this momentous event happened is still highly conjectural, though no longer purely speculative. The clues come from the earth, from outer space, from laboratory experiments, and, especially, from life itself. The history of life on earth is written in the cells and molecules of existing organisms. Thanks to the advances of cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, scientists are becoming increasingly adept at reading the text.
An important rule in this exercise is to reconstruct the earliest events in life's history without assuming they proceeded with the benefit of foresight. Every step must be accounted for in terms of antecedent and concomitant events. Each must stand on its own and cannot be viewed as a preparation for things to come. Any hint of teleology must be avoided.
give 4 examples of metabolic reactions
As a general rule, should sample turbidity corresponds to sample fluorescence in liquid E.coli cultures?
Answer:
Throughout the explanation segment, the description of the query is presented below.
Explanation:
The turbidity spectrometer depending on the intensity isn't a trustworthy indication of microbial cell numbers. However, these should still be utilized as parameter estimates instead of the exact numbers.Benefits at all from the measurement of the radiation reflected by both acutely and chronically organisms, since adsorption capacities change as a result of the current microbiological composition.what do you think are some human characteristics that reflect a common ancestry between non human primates and ourselves?
Explanation:
Primates are the mammalian order of organisms, having flexible hands and feet. These organisms have a developed brain and include organisms like lemurs, lorises, humans and apes. Humans are placental mammals, who have a highly developed brain.
Step 2 of 3
The evolutionary relationship between humans and non human primate can be studied based on the anatomical features and behavior that these two organisms share. The human characteristics that reflect a common ancestry between human and non-human primates are as follows:
1. The body hair are present on both the organisms.
2. Giving birth to young ones, after a long gestation period is common in both the organisms.
3. Different types of teeth which are incisor, canine, premolar and molars are present in both the organisms.
4. Both the organisms have the capability to regulate their thermal body temperature.
5. The brain size and capacity of both the organisms is large.
6. The capacity to learn and adapting to suitable behavior based on that is well present in both the organism.
Step 3 of 3
Chimpanzees are primates, belonging to the same ape family as humans. Chimpanzees are the closest living relative of humans. They are basically of two types, pan troglodytes and pan paniscus. Chimpanzee and humans are similar in following ways:
1. Brain volume of humans and chimpanzees is almost similar. Brain volume of human is 1350 ml (milliliter) while that of chimpanzee is 1370 ml.
2. Both humans and chimpanzees socialize among themselves.
3. According to scientific reports, humans and chimpanzees share about 95% similarity in DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid).
What is the result of a mutation during meiosis
Answer:
There's a change in the DNA sequence
Explanation:
If a mutation occurs in cells that will make gametes by meiosis or during meiosis itself, it can be passed on to offspring and contribute to genetic variability of the population. Mutations are the sole source of genetic variability that can occur in asexual reproduction. But the effects of mutations can vary widely, from being beneficial, to having no effect, to having lethal consequences, and every possibility in between.
Explain why the definition of a quality life is highly individualized.
to put it briefly, its because no one likes to struggle. Everyone wants to live comfortable without a worry to the world. when they see someone who has accomplished that state of life, they envy, or admire that person deeply. when you see that new loui bag or gucci belt, you instantly have this desire to own luxury things.
•. What is the phenotypic ratio of complementary gene?
a) 1:2:1
b) 9:7
c) 13:3
d) 9:3:3:1
Two different enzymes catalyze the same reaction and both exhibit the same Vmax. When Enzyme A was run with a 40 uM substrate, the initial rate (Vo) was 10 uM/min, and when g it was run with a 4 mM substrate, the Vo was 20 uM/min. Estimate the approximate Vmax and Km of Enzyme A. When Enzyme B was run with 80 uM substrate, the initial rate (Vo) was 10 uM per minute. Estimate the Km of Enzyme B.
Answer:
a) k_m = 4.08 uM
V_{max} = 20.07 uM/min
b) k_m = 8.16 uM
Explanation:
Given that:
For Enzyme A:
the substrate concentration [S] = 40 uM
the initial velocity rate v = 10 uM/min
when it was 4mM, v = 20 uM/min
i.e.
at 4mM = 4000 uM;
Using Michealis -menten equation;
when v = 10
[tex]V = \dfrac{V_{max}[S]}{k_m+[S]}[/tex]
∴
[tex]10 = \dfrac{V_{max}\times 40}{k_m + 40}[/tex]
[tex]10 (k_m + 40) = V_{max}40[/tex]
[tex]40V_{max} -10k_m = 400 --- (1)[/tex]
when v= 20
[tex]20= \dfrac{V_{max}\times 4000}{k_m + 4000}[/tex]
[tex]20 (k_m + 4000) = V_{max}4000[/tex]
[tex]4000V_{max} -20k_m = 8000 --- (2)[/tex]
equating equation (1) and (2):
[tex]40V_{max} -10k_m = 400 --- (1)[/tex]
[tex]4000V_{max} -20k_m = 8000 --- (2)[/tex]
let multiply equation (1) by 100 and equation (2) by 1
4000V_{max} - 1000K_m = 4000
4000V_{max} - 20 k_m = 8000
0 -980k_m = 4000
k_m = 4000/-980
k_m = 4.08 uM
replacing the value of k_m into equation (1)
40{V_max } - 10(4.08) = 400
40{V_max } - 40.8 = 400
40{V_max } = 400 + 40.8
40{V_max } = 440.8
V_{max} = 440.8/40
V_{max} = 11.02 uM/min
b)
Since V_{max} of A ie equivalent to that of B; then:
V_{max} of B = 11.02 uM/min
Here;
[S] = 80 uM
V = 10 uM/min
∴
[tex]10 = \dfrac{11.02 \times 80}{k_m + 80 }[/tex]
10(k_m +80) = 881.6
10k_m = 881.6 - 800
10k_m = 81.6
k_m = 81.6/10
k_m = 8.16 uM
Pharmacological management of glaucoma focuses on the reduction of intraocular pressure by increasing the drainage of aqueous humor, decreasing the production, or both. What drug classes are used to reduce intraocular pressure
Answer:
Beta blockers.
Explanation:
Beta blockers are the drugs that blocks the effects of the hormone adrenaline. Beta blockers is responsible for slowing of your heart beat more which ultimately reduce blood pressure. Beta blockers are the drugs which reduce the production of fluid in your eye, thereby lowering the pressure in your eye means intraocular pressure. Examples of beta blocker medicines are timolol (Betimol, Istalol, Timoptic) and betaxolol (Betoptic).
Consider the spread of the following emerging infectious diseases, using the chain of infection: E. coli O157:H7, Lyme disease, Ebola virus, hantavirus, influenza, tuberculosis, vCJD. For each disease, explain how the chain of infection can be interrupted?
Answer:
If one link is stop working.
Explanation:
There are six points at which the chain of infection can be broken or interrupted and a germ can be stopped from infecting another people. The six links are the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. If one of the link is broken or interrupted, no infection occurs in the body of an individual because all the links are attached to each other in the form of chain which can stop working if one of it stop working.
How to deal with extremely hot weather?
Answer:
Shut windows and pull down the shades when it is hotter outside. ...Avoid the heat: stay out of the sun and don't go out between 11am and 3pm (the hottest part of the day) if you're vulnerable to the effects of heat.Have cool baths or showers, and splash yourself with cool water.Explanation:
everything can be found in the picture
__________ law, which helps explain the critical closing pressure, states that the force that stretches the vascular wall is proportional to the diameter of the vessel times the blood pressure.
Answer:
Laplace law
Explanation:
Have a nice day :)
functions of the female reproductive organs
If Mendel had been working with his pea plants and noticed that not all purple flowers had an equal intensity of purple, what is a likely explanation for the difference?
A. variations in cell signaling driving differences in gene expression
B. variations in the weather
C. variations in how the seed was handled
D. variations in the cell walls
This mountain slope towers over a town several hundred feet below. Which two weather events present the highest risk to the town
Determine whether each statement describes mitosis, melosis, or both mitosis and melosis.
Answer:
This question is incomplete as it lacks statements, the statements and the answers are as follows:
occurs in organisms that sexually reproduce - MEIOSIS
occurs during growth and development - MITOSIS
the DNA is replicated - MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
occurs in all organisms - MITOSIS
the number of chromosomes remains the same - MITOSIS
the number of chromosomes reduces by half - MEIOSIS
Explanation:
Meiosis and mitosis are both types of cellular divisions that occur in living cells. Mitosis involves the formation of two (2) daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell while meiosis involves the formation of four (4) daughter cells that are genetically different from the parent cell.
The following are characteristics of the two division processes based on this question:
MITOSIS:
- It occurs during growth and development of an organism.
- it involves DNA replication
- it occurs in all organisms since every living organism undergoes growth and development.
- the number of chromosomes after mitosis remains the same in the daughter cell i.e. 2n remains 2n
MEIOSIS:
- It occurs only in organisms that sexually reproduce.
- it also involves the replication of DNA
- The number of chromosomes in the daughter cells is reduced by half i.e. 2n to n.
Pistil is the male reproductive part of the plant.
True or false?
Answer:
false bestie, that's a women's
Answer:
false
Explanation:
How is the equilibrium of an ecosystem maintained?
Answer:
Biodiversity provide stability to the ecosystem and maintains the ecological balance. Plants and animals in ecosystem are linked to each other through food chain and food web. The loss of one species in the ecosystem affects the survival of other species. Thus the ecosystem becomes fragile
Explanation:
.
what is length?Name any two devices used for measuring the length.
Answer:
the size of something from one end to the other; how long something is
Running race tracktreeAnswer:
A length is how long something is.
ruler
Measuring tape.
how many hydrogen atoms are contained in a singleolecule of sucrose A, 6 B,12 C,22 D,24
Answer:
C 22
Explanation:
which of the following are examples of mechanical erosion/weathering
A. Wind blowing sand
B. water flowing over rock
C. a plant's roots cracking
rock
D. none of the above
E. A & B only
Answer:
c. a plant's roots cracking rock
Answer:
C.) a plant's roots cracking rock
The carbon cycle ensures that carbon is not lost. which is another important benefit of the carbon cycle.
The number of organisms that an area of land can sustain over a long period time is known as
Answer:
Carrying Capacity
Explanation:
Factors determine energy a human being requires in a day
which definition best describes a buffer?
Answer:
where are the options
Explanation:
The oxidase test is another biochemical test used to distinguish aerobic versus anaerobic metabolism in microbes. Research the oxidase test and describe how it is performed. Include examples of oxidase-positive and oxidase-negative microbes in your answer.
Oxidase test is a biochemical test that is used to identify organisms that produce the enzyme oxidase.
Oxidase test is used to distinguish aerobic from anaerobic metabolism in microbes.
Aerobic metabolism is the use of oxygen to generate energy from a food source while anaerobic metabolism is the generation of energy with the absence of oxygen.
The procedure of oxidase test includes:
Place a piece of filter paper in a clean petri dish and add 2 or 3 drops of freshly prepared oxidase reagent.Using a piece of stick or glass rod (not anoxidized wire loop), remove a colony of the test organism and smear it on the filter paper.Look for the development of a blue-purplecolour within a few seconds as shown in colourBlue purple colour signifies oxidase positive organisms which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Colourless signifies oxidase negative organisms which includes Escherichia coli
Learn more here:
https://brainly.com/question/4680704
Match each of the following skull features with its correct bone.
a. styloid process
b. infraorbital foramen
c. sella turcica
d. foramen magnum
e. coronoid process
f. crista galli
1. ethmoid bone
2. sphenoid bone
3. temporal bone
4. mandible
5. maxilla
6. occipital bone
Answer:
The left column contains structures of the bones that belong to the right column.
a) styloid process - 3) temporal bone
b) infraorbital foramen - 5) maxilla
c) sella turcica - 2) sphenoid bone
d) foramen magnum - 6) occipital bone
e) coronoid process - 4) mandible
f) Crista galli - 1) ethmoid bone
Explanation:
The inferior part of the petrous temporal bone forms the styloid process that allows the stylohyoid, stylopharyngeus, and styloglossus muscles to attach with styloid ligaments.
The infraorbital foramen is the opening of the maxillary bone of the skull
sella turcica is a saddle-like structure in the body of the sphenoid bone of the skull.
The foramen magnum is the lower part of the cranial foss that allows the connecting brain and spinal cord and it the opening
The coronoid process is shoulder joint as well and required mandibles in the skull to form.
Crista galli arises from ethmoid bone that is thick and midline triangular but smooth process.
Describe the biome in which you currently live, or one in which you want to live, or have lived. What are the atmospheric conditions (wind pattern, humidity level, etc), solar intensity, and geographic/oceanographic features that have produced this unique ecosystem
Answer:
Southern Texas
Explanation:
The Wind pattern often is represented by the westerlies, which are the winds that flow in the northern latitude of the world. The humidity level in this zone varies from 10-20%, since we are in the desert we do not have much humidity, the solar intensity is high, often found in the 9-10 uv range, it is not advised to spend more than 10 minutes on direct sun without solar protection. We have the Rio Grande to the south and some spare mountains.
Answer:
Southern Texas
Explanation:
Please help!!!
Can you please give me an environmental risk or benefit for artificial selection?
Answer: Artificial selection appeals to humans since it is faster than natural selection and allows humans to mold organisms to their needs. Like many animals kept in human captivity, mating pairs of pigeons are often paired together based on their genetics to achieve the most desirable traits in their offspring.
Explanation:
High blood pressure may lead to strokes and heart attacks and is a risk factor that may be changed by taking medication?
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
High blood pressure can be redused, but can't stop permanently.
What are the three different ways a baby animal develops and what is it called?
