Answer:
a. Number of whole units to be accounted for and to be assigned costs for the period:
= 26,500 units + 1,200 units
= 27,700 units
b. Number of equivalent units of production for the period:
= 26,500 units + (1200 units*30%)
= 26,500 units + 360 units
= 26,860 units
The following selected transactions apply to Topeca Supply for November and December Year 1. November was the first month of operations. Sales tax is collected at the time of sale but is not paid to the state sales tax agency until the following month.
a. Cash sales for November Year 1 were $65,500 plus sales tax of 9 percent.
b. Topeca Supply paid the November sales tax to the state agency on December 10, Year 1.
c. Cash sales for December Year 1 were $79,500 plus sales tax of 9 percent.
Required:
Record the effect of the given transactions in a horizontal statements model.
Answer:
Note: See attached excel file for the record of the effect of the given transactions in a horizontal statements model.
In the attached excel file, we have:
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity = $152,155
Explanation:
In the attached excel file, we have:
Sales tax payable on sales for November Year 1 = $65,500 * 9% = $5,895
Sales tax payable on sales for December Year 1 = $79,500 * 9% = $7,155
Assets = $152,155
Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity = $7,155 + $145,000 = $152,155
Therefore, the accounting equation is proved as follows:
Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity = $152,155
Luker Corporation uses a process costing system The company had $ 172,500 of beginning Finished Goods Inventory on October 1. It transferred in $ 849,000 of units completed during the period . The ending Finished Goods Inventory balance on October 31 was $ 170,200 . The entry to account for the cost of goods sold in October is
Answer:
First calculate the Cost of Goods sold:
= Opening Finished goods inventory + Goods transferred in - Closing finished goods inventory
= 172,500 + 849,000 - 170,200
= $851,800
The entry to record this is:
Date Account Title Debit Credit
October 31 Cost of Goods Sold $851,800
Finished Goods Inventory $851,800
Jill has recently begun working at a local florist. In addition to creating floral arrangements, Jill spends a good deal of her time talking to customers and ringing up sales. Over time, she identifies a weakness in the procedures for ringing up voids. No approval is neces- sary to void a sale, and the void slip collects very little information about the sale. After Jill has completed a sale and the customer has left, she voids the sale and pockets the cash that was just received. The floral shop doesn’t miss the lost inventory because it has a high inventory turnover ratio and high losses due to flowers losing their bloom.
1. What type of fraud is Jill committing?
2. What could the florist do to prevent this type of fraud from occurring?
Answer: See explanation
Explanation:
1. What type of fraud is Jill committing?
The fraud that Jill is committing is known as theft of cash through fraudulent disbursements. In this case, Jill is using a register disbursement scheme which involves false voids of customer sales. During the time of sale, a record is made and another record is then created again which is used for the false void.
2. What could the florist do to prevent this type of fraud from occurring?
To prevent this fraud, a receipt should be attached and the florist should make sure that every vital information about all sales are collected such as customers name, time, amount of goods bought, signature and f customers etc
Listed below are five technical accounting terms. Each of the following statements describes one of these technical terms. For each statement, indicate the term described.
Opportunity cost
Out-of-pocket cost
Joint products
Incremental analysis
Sunk cost
Split-off point
Relevant information
Each of the following statements may (or may not) describe one of these terms. For each statement, indicate the accounting term or terms described, or answer "none" if the statement does not correctly describe any of these terms.
a. Examination of differences between costs to be incurred and revenue to be earned under different courses of action.
b. A cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed as a result of future actions.
c. Costs and revenue that are expected to vary, depending on the course of action decided on.
d. The benefit foregone by not pursuing an alternative course of action.
e. Products made from common raw materials and shared production processes.
f. A cost yet to be incurred that will require future payment and may vary among alternative courses of action.
g. The point at which manufacturing costs are split equally between ending inventory and cost of goods sold.
Answer:
a. Incremental analysis.
b. Sunk cost.
c. Relevant information.
d. Opportunity cost.
e. Joint products.
f. Out-of-pocket cost.
g. Split-off point.
Explanation:
a. Incremental analysis: examination of differences between costs to be incurred and revenue to be earned under different courses of action.
b. Sunk cost: a cost incurred in the past that cannot be changed as a result of future actions. Sunk cost can be defined as a cost or an amount of money that has been spent on something in the past and as such cannot be recovered.
c. Relevant information: costs and revenue that are expected to vary, depending on the course of action decided on. Hence, relevant cost are relevant for decision-making purposes but not sunk costs.
d. Opportunity cost: the benefit foregone by not pursuing an alternative course of action. Opportunity cost also known as the alternative forgone, can be defined as the value, profit or benefits given up by an individual or organization in order to choose or acquire something deemed significant at the time.
e. Joint products: products made from common raw materials and shared production processes.
f. Out-of-pocket cost: a cost yet to be incurred that will require future payment and may vary among alternative courses of action.
g. Split-off point: the point at which manufacturing costs are split equally between ending inventory and cost of goods sold. Thus, it give rise to joint products that emerge from the same raw materials and a shared manufacturing process.
A stock has a market price of $25 and a standard deviation of returns of 24 percent. The $25 call option matures in 4 months and the risk-free rate is 2.89 percent. N(d1) is .555198 and N(d2) is .500096. What is the value of the call option per share of stock
Answer:
$334.38
Explanation:
Use the following formula to calculate the value of call option
Value of call option = ( N ( [tex]d_{1}[/tex] ) S ) - N ( [tex]d_{2}[/tex] ) K [tex]e^{rt}[/tex]
Where
S = $25
N(d1) = 0.555198
N(d2) = 0.500096
K = 25
r = 2.89%
t = 4/12 = 0.3333
Placing values in the formula
Value of call option = ((0.555198 x $25 ) x $25) - ( 0.500096 x $25 ) x 1.00967891
Value of call option = $346.99875 - $12.62340
Value of call option = $334.37535
Value of call option = $334.38
Analysts estimate that a bond has a 40 percent probability of being priced at $950 and a 60 percent probability of being priced at $1,050 one year from today. The bond is also callable at any time at $1,010. What is the expected value of this bond in one year?
A) $1,000
B) $980
C) $1,010
D) $995
E) $986
Answer:
E) $986
Explanation:
The computation of the expected value of the bond in one year is shown below;
= (Probability × Price of bond) + (Probability × Callable price bond)
= (0.4 × $950) + (0.60 × $1,010)
= $986
Hence, the expected value of the bond in one year is $986
Therefore the correct option is E.
The Molding Department of Boswell Company has the following production data: beginning work process 40,000 units (60% complete), started into production 730,000 units, completed and transferred out 690,000 units, and ending work in process 80,000 units (40% complete). Assuming materials are entered at the beginning of the process equivalent units materials are:____. a. 500,000.b. 425,000.c. 450,000.d. 525,000.The Molding Department of Boswell Company has the following production data beginning work process 40,000 units (60% complete) started into production 730,000 units, completed and transferred out 690,000 units, and ending work in process 80,000 units (40% complete). Assuming materials are entered at the beginning of the process equivalent units for materials are:____.a. 770,000. b. 650.000. c. 690.000. d. 810.000.
Answer: 770,000
Explanation:
Assuming materials are entered at the beginning of the process, the equivalent units materials will be:
Beginning work process = 40,000 units
Started into production = 730,000 units
Then equivalent units materials will be:
= 40000 + 730000
= 770000
Assume you are completing a swot analysis for CVS. Amazon's entrance into the healthcare business would fall under which part of the analysis?
Multiple choice
threats
accelerants
weakness
opportunities
strengths
SWOT is a technique for assessing an organization Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threat in market while competing with other organization.
CVS is an American retail corporation who specializes in sales of prescribed drugs, beauty products, cosmetic and so on.Amazon is an online retail store as well but with little affiliation with sales of drugs and other healthcare service.Now, if Amazon's enters into the healthcare business, this will definitely be a threat for CVS pharmacy as if will affect their sales because Amazon have a wide market.In conclusion, the part of the SWOT Analysis that must be performed by CVS because of entry of Amazon into the healthcare market is the Threat Analysis. The threat analysis helps an organisation to access threat which the competitors poses to its existence.
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A company started the year with $1,500 of supplies on hand. During the year the company purchased additional supplies of $800 and recorded them as increase to the supplies asset. At the end of the year the company determined that only $300 of supplies are still on hand. What is the adjusting journal entry to be made at the end of the period
Answer:
Debit : Supplies Expense $2,000
Credit : Supplies $2,000
Explanation:
The adjusting journal entry to be made at the end of the period should reflect the usage of supplies.
Supplies used = Opening Balance + Purchases - Inventory Balance
therefore,
Supplies used = $1,500 + $800 - $300
= $2,000
A Debit to Expense Account - Supplies Expense and A Credit to Asset Account - Supplies must be made to depict the usage of supplies.
The petty cash fund of the Brooks Agency is established at $250. At the end of the current period, the fund contained $172 and had the following receipts: entertainment, $41; postage, $25; and printing, $12.
Prepare journal entries to record (a) establishment of the fund and (b) reimbursement of the fund at the end of the current period.Identify the two events from the following that cause a Petty Cash account to be credited in a journal entry.
a. Fund amount is being reduced.b. Fund amount is being increased.c. Fund is being eliminatedd. Fund is being established.
Answer:
a.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XX Petty Cash $250
Cash $250
b.
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XX Entertainment expense $41
Postage $25
Printing $12
Petty Cash $ 78
Date Account Title Debit Credit
XX-XX-XX Petty Cash $78
Cash $78
2. Reasons why a Petty Cash account would be credited:
a. Fund amount is being reduced.
c. Fund is being eliminated
When the fund is being reduced by expenses, it is credited as shown above.
When the fund is to be eliminated, it will be credited so as to remove all the money in it.
Maplewood Co. uses process costing to account for the production of canned energy drinks. Direct materials are added at the beginning of the process and conversion costs are incurred uniformly throughout the process. Cost per equivalent unit has been calculated to be $4.00 for conversion costs and $3.00 for materials. 2,000 units were in beginning inventory (100% complete for materials, 80% for conversion). 8,000 units were started and completed during the period. Ending inventory still in process was 4,000 units (100% complete for materials, 40% forconversion). The value of ending inventory using the FIFO method would be:______.
A. $18,400.00B. $23,133.20C. $31,933.20D. $65,000.00
Answer:
A. $18,400.00
Explanation:
The computation of the value of ending inventory using the FIFO method would be shown below:
Value of ending inventory = Materials + Conversion costs
where,
Materials = (4000 units × 100%) × $3 per unit
= $12,000
And,
Conversion costs = (4000 units × 40%) × $4 per unit
= $6,400
So, the ending inventory is
= $12,000 + $6,400
= $18,400
Big Corporation receives management consulting services from its 95 percent owned subsidiary, Small Inc. For the year 20X8, Small billed Big $140,000. Small's labor cost and other associated costs for the employees providing services to Big totaled $121,000 in 20X8. Big reported $2,567,000 of income from its own separate operations for 20X8, and Small reported net income of $695,000.
Based on the preceding information, what amount of consolidated net income should be reported in 20X8?
a. $3,262,000
b. $4,050,000
c. $3,254,100
d. $3,122,000
Answer: a. $3,262,000
Explanation:
Consolidated income is simply the income that both companies got from their separate operations for the year because Small Inc is a subsidiary of Big Corporation so both incomes have to be added to find the total company income:
= 2,567,000 + 695,000
= $3,262,000
Nếu GDP = $1000, tiêu dùng = $600, thuế = $100, và chi tiêu chính phủ = $200, thì:
A. Tiết kiệm = $0, đầu tư =$0
B. Tiết kiệm = $300, đầu tư =$300
C. Tiết kiệm = $200, đầu tư =$200
D. Tiết kiệm = $200, đầu tư =$100
Answer:
Saving = $200
Investment = $100
Explanation:
Given;
Gross Domestic Production = $1000
Consumption = $600
Taxes = $100
Government spending = $200
Find:
Saving and investment
Computation:
Saving = Gross Domestic Production - Consumption - Government spending
Saving = 1,000 - 600 - 200
Saving = $200
Investment = Saving - Taxes
Investment = 200 - 100
Investment = $100
On December 31, the trial balance indicates that the supplies account has a balance, prior to the adjusting entry, of $269. A physical count of the supplies inventory shows that $102 of supplies remain. Analyze this adjustment for supplies using T accounts, and then formally enter this adjustment in the general journal.
Answer:
Balance Sheet
Supplies
Beg. Bal. $269 | Adj. $167
Bal. $102
Income Statement
Supplies Expense
Adj. $167 |
Date Account Title Debit Credit
Dec 31 Supplies Expense $167
Supplies $167
(To record Supplies used)
Link Co. purchased machinery that cost $3,000,000 on January 4, 2019. The entire cost was recorded as an expense. The machinery has a nine-year life and a $200,000 residual value. The error was discovered on December 20, 2021. Before the correction was made, and before the books were closed on December 31, 2018, retained earnings was understated by:__________
a. $3,000,000.
b. $2,066,667.
c. $2,377,778
d. $2,333,333.
Answer:
See below
Explanation:
Economic goals for sustainable development can be formulated ________. Group of answer choices by disentangling them from social goals only if we include environmental and social goals in the planning only if there is a complete overlap with social and environmental goals on their own terms without reference to environmental goals only if we exclude environmental goals
Answer:
only if we include environmental and social goals in the planning.
Explanation:
An economy is a function of how money, means of production and resources (raw materials) are carefully used to facilitate the demands and supply of goods and services to meet the unending needs or requirements of the consumers.
Hence, a region's or country's economy is largely dependent on how resources are being allocated and utilized, how many goods and services are to be produced, what should be produced, for whom they are to be produced for and how much money are to be spent by the consumers to acquire these goods and services.
Sustainable development can be defined as an idea or development model that is typically aimed at providing basic human needs such as food, fiber, textiles, etc., without compromising or jeopardizing the ability of future generations to create agricultural solutions to their own basic needs.
Generally, economic goals for sustainable development and growth of a country can be formulated only if environmental and social goals are included in the planning.
a mixed economy combines features of other economic system by
Answer:
allowing some government regulation of a mostly free market economy
Explanation:
Juanita worked hard all year so that she could go to nursing school the following year. She put her savings into a mutual fund that paid a nominal interest rate of 4 percent a year. The CPI was 252 at the beginning of the year and 257 at the end of the year. What was the real interest rate that Juanita earned?
Answer:
1.98%
Explanation:
Inflation rate = (CPI at the end of the year / CPI at the beginning of the year) - 1
(257 / 252) - 1 = 0.01984 = 1.984%
(1 + nominal interest rate) = (1 + inflation rate) (1 + real interest rate)
1.04 = 1.01984 x (1 + real interest rate)
(1 + real interest rate) = (1.04 / 1.01984) - 1 = 1.98%
During its 2019 fiscal year, a city receives a grant from the state to use on a worthy city project as determined by the city council. No other eligibility requirements exist, but the state requires that the grant proceeds not be spent before the city's 2020 fiscal year. The city council decides to hire a police officer who is to educate young people about the dangers of using illegal drugs. The grant is for $75,000. The state pays the city $75,000 for the grant during its 2019 fiscal year. How should the city report the receipt of the grant proceeds from the state in its Special Revenue Fund?
Answer:
Dr Cash $75,000
Cr Deferred inflows of resources--grant $75,000
Explanation:
Based on the information given we were told that The GRANT is for the amount of $75,000 in which the The state pays the city the amount of $75,000 for the GRANT during its 2019 fiscal year. Therefore the city should report the RECEIPT OF THE GRANT PROCEEDS from the state in its Special Revenue Fund as:
Dr Cash $75,000
Cr Deferred inflows of resources--grant $75,000
(To record receipt of the grant proceeds)
Clem is married and is a skilled carpenter. Clem’s wife, Wanda, works part-time as a substitute grade school teacher. Determine the amount of Clem’s expenses that are deductible for AGI this year (if any) under the following independent circumstances:___________a) Clem is self-employed and this year he incurred $525 in expenses for tools and supplies related to his job. Since neither were covered by a qualified health plan, Wanda paid health insurance premiums of $3,600 to provide coverage for herself and Clem (not through an exchange).b) Clem and Wanda own a garage downtown that they rent to a local business for storage. This year they incurred expenses of $1,250 in utilities and $780 in depreciation.c) Clem paid self-employment tax of $15,300 (the employer portion is $7,650), and Wanda had $3,000 of Social Security taxes withheld from her pay.d) Clem paid $45 to rent a safe deposit box to store his coin collection. Clem has collected coins intermittently since he was a boy, and he expects to sell his collection when he retires.
Answer:
A. $4,125
B. $2030
C. $9650
D. $0
Explanation:
Calculation to determine the amount of Clem’s expenses that are deductible for AGI this year
A. AGI=Tools and supplies + Health insurance
AGI=$525+$3600
AGI=$4125
Therefore the amount of Clem’s expenses that are deductible for AGI this year is $4125
B. AGI=Tools and supplies +Health insurance ar
AGI=$1,250 +$780
AGI=$2030
Therefore the amount of Clem’s expenses that are deductible for AGI this year is $2030
C. Based on the information given, the EMPLOYER PORTION of the amount of $7,650 will be the EMPLOYER PORTION of the self-employment tax is deductible.
D. Based on the information given The amount of Clem’s expenses that are deductible for AGI this year is $0 reason been that The safe deposit fee is an ITEMIZED DEDUCTION .
Which of the following tasks is not required when using a two-stage activity-based costing model?A. Determining the cost per unit of activityB. Determining how much direct labor each cost object consumesC. Identifying activitiesD. Assigning costs to activities
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
In simple words, Activity-based budgeting (ABC) is a better way to allocate overhead expenses. The expense of each recurrence of an overlay occurrence throughout the procedure is determined during first step of allocation. The cost of every incidence is then allocated to individual things manufactured by the company inside the second stage.
Thus, from the above we can conclude that the correct option is B.
illings and collections between an Enterprise Fund and the General Fund A city uses an Enterprise Fund to provide electricity to its citizens and to its General Fund. A total of $50,000 was billed to the General Fund and collected 30 days later. Prepare the journal entries necessary to record these transactions, and label the fund(s) used. Note: Under the Fund column, select the appropriate fund in which the transaction is recorded (GF: General Fund or ISF: Internal Service Fund).
Answer:
Enterprise Fund due from General Fund (Dr.) $50,000
Revenue from service (Cr.) $50,000
Explanation:
The enterprise fund is used to provide electricity to the citizens. The revenue will be recorded as service charges for providing the electricity. Enterprise fund will be due from General fund which is billed for $50,000.
Amazon Corporation owns machinery with a book value of $760,000. It is estimated that the machinery will generate future cash flows of $700,000. The machinery has a fair value of $560,000. Amazon should recognize a loss on impairment of:_______.
Answer: $200,000
Explanation:
The loss on impairment refers to the difference between the carrying or book value of an asset and the fair/ recoverable value of same.
Loss on impairment = Book value - Fair value
= 760,000 - 560,000
= $200,000
The value of the machinery would fall by $200,000 to tally it to its fair value.
Haier has achieved great success in becoming a global leader in the appliance industry and is doing so with these beneficial strategies.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
It is correct to say that a company like Haier, which has become a global leader in the household appliance industry segment, has developed a beneficial strategy for success, as entering a global market can be a great challenge for companies, as it requires business, product and services of the company to the local market that includes cultural and social differentiation in the preferences for products and services. So it is correct to say that the company has adopted a beneficial global strategy that gives it significant advantages such as market positioning, cost reduction, greater competitive capacity, greater brand value, increased profitability, etc.
Lumberton Home Maintenance Company (LHMC) earned operating income of $6,000,000 on operating assets of $62,500,000 during Year 2. The Tree Cutting Division earned $1,000,000 on operating assets of $10,000,000. LHMC has offered the Tree Cutting Division $1,250,000 of additional operating assets. The manager of the Tree Cutting Division believes he could use the additional assets to generate operating income amounting to $112,500. LHMC has a desired return on investment (ROI) of 8 percent.
Required
a. Calculate the return on investment for LHMC, the Tree Cutting Division, and the additional investment opportunity.
b. Calculate the residual income for LHMC, the Tree Cutting Division, and the additional investment opportunity
Answer:
Lumberton Home Maintenance Company (LHMC)
LHMC Tree Cutting Additional
Division Investment
a. Return on Investment 9.6% 10% 9%
b. Residual income $1,000,000 $200,000 $12,500
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
LHMC Tree Cutting Additional
Division Investment
Operating income $6,000,000 $1,000,000 $112,500
Operating assets $62,500,000 $10,000,000 $1,250,000
a. Return on Investment 9.6% 10% 9%
b. Residual income $1,000,000 $200,000 $12,500
Return on investment = Operating income/Operating assets * 100
Residual income = Operating income Minus (Desired ROI * Operating assets)
Desired Return on Investment (ROI) = 8%
GHI Corporation, a California corporation, has a six-person board. At a regular board meeting, only two directors attend. No notice was sent to any of the directors. The two attending call directors Alice and Bob and put them on a conference call. The four talk about the corporation buying Blackacre and then all agree to a resolution for GHI to buy Blackacre from Third Party. The Bylaws of GHI state that an action of the board requires the consent of a majority of the directors present at a meeting, and that a quorum is a majority of the authorized directors.
Select one:
a. the purchase is authorized because a quorum was present and a majority of those present approved the action.
b. the purchase is not authorized, since all real estate transactions require shareholder approval
c. the purchase is not authorized because prior written notice must be sent to each director
d. the purchase is not authorized because a quorum was not present at the board meeting
e. Two of the above are correct.
Answer:
a. the purchase is authorized because a quorum was present and a majority of those present approved the action.
Explanation:
going by the bye laws of GHI state, board action requires that majority of the members of the board are present and give consent in the meeting. here in this question, we have a 6 member board. Although only two of the board members are physically present, through conference call Alice and Bob increased the number to 2 when they joined in. Therefore the number of board members at this meeting is 4, then the requirement has been met. So since this 4 agreed to the purchase, it is authorized and valid since a quorum was present and a majority of them agreed to the action. option a is correct
The correct statement is a. the purchase is authorized because a quorum was present and, a majority of those present approved the action.
The quorum required by the Bylaws of GHI is for a majority of directors to be present, and in this case, four directors were present (two physically and two by conference call).
The Bylaws of GHI specify that every action of the directors should be supported by a majority present at a meeting. We can conclude that the purchase is authorized by the majority (100%).
Thus, the purchase of Blackacre by GHI is authorized.
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The provision of accounting information for internal users is known as
Answer:
managerial accounting
Explanation:
Corner Store posts on its website an offer of a reward for information leading to the apprehension of a certain criminal. This offer could normally be terminated by:______.
A) a post on the website.
B) a notice in the local newspaper.
C) a sign in the brick and mortar store.
D) a sign posted in a police station.
Answer:
a sign posted in a police station ✓
Segway focuses on the personal people-mover market of individuals who need to move longer distances with ease. Its stand-up scooter is used in two narrow markets: tourist tours and warehouse employee movement. What type of marketing strategy should this company use
Answer:
The correct answer is "Differentiated marketing".
Explanation:
A marketing approach involving the promotion of a manufacturer portfolio which transfers from one sector of the economy would be known as Differentiated marketing.That alone contributes to better awareness, to a greater audience, towards consumer requirements including more revenues.Thus the above is the correct answer.
Logan owns a horse ranch. Logan dislikes horses, but he opened the ranch because he heard it was a lucrative business and he wanted to make money. Logan’s horse ranch has lost money every year for the past 5 years (including this year), but Logan has made some changes to business operations, including hiring a consultant and increasing his prices. Logan anticipates that as a result of these changes, his horse ranch will generate a profit in the next year or two. This year, Logan hired his brother, Luke, to work at the horse ranch. Logan pays Luke $500/hr to clean the horse stalls. Logan also hired his best friend, Lucy, to do Logan’s grocery shopping and other personal errands. He pays Lucy $15/hr. Which of the following is most accurate?
a. Logan cannot deduct any of the costs associated with the horse ranch because the horse ranch would be classified as a hobby, not a business
b. Logan can deduct the full salary paid to Luke because Luke works in Logan’s horse ranch business
c. Logan can deduct the full salary paid to Lucy because the amount of the expense is reasonable
d. Logan can deduct the full salary paid to Lucy because grocery shopping is ordinary and necessary
e. None of the above are correct
Answer:
Logan Horse Ranch
The most accurate is:
e. None of the above are correct
Explanation:
Logan's payment to his brother, Luke, of $500 per hour, is not a reasonable business expense that can be deductible. Surely, $500 per hour is not a going rate for cleaning the horse stalls per hour. With Lucy doing grocery shopping for Logan, it does not resonate like an ordinary and necessary expense for the business. Therefore, options A to D are not correct. This leaves only option E as the most accurate.
