The photograph shows soil layers. What is the bottom layer of soil?

Answer:

Carbon moves from living things to the atmosphere. Each time you exhale, you are releasing carbon dioxide gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. Animals and plants need to get rid of carbon dioxide gas through a process called respiration. Carbon moves from fossil fuels to the atmosphere when fuels are burned.

Answer:

NIH

Explanation:

It's a primary energy required

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Plz mark brainliest ;)

Answer:

Option B is the answer

Answer:

Earth's atmosphere is roughly 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen, with trace amounts of water, argon, carbon dioxide and other gases. Nowhere else in the solar system is there an atmosphere loaded with free oxygen, which is vital to one of the other unique features of Earth: life.

Answer:

oxygen and carbon dioxide are unique gases to planet earth..

Answer:

Các vi khuẩn Psychrotolerant rất quan trọng đối với các ứng dụng công nghệ sinh học và chu trình cacbon. Tuy nhiên, các cơ chế cho phép chúng tồn tại và hoạt động trong môi trường đông lạnh vẫn chưa rõ ràng. Để làm sáng tỏ sự thích nghi của màng tế bào vi sinh vật với sự đóng băng, chúng tôi ủ đất với glucose được đánh dấu 13C theo vị trí cụ thể ở + 5 (đối chứng), - 5 và - 20 ° C và định lượng 13C trong CO2 và axit béo phospholipid. Quá trình oxy hóa cao của glucose C-1 ở + 5 ° C cho thấy sự biến đổi thông qua con đường pentose phosphate. Tuy nhiên, ở nhiệt độ subzero, sự oxy hóa ưu tiên của vị trí C-4 gợi ý chuyển sang quá trình đường phân. Sự gia tăng gấp ba lần axit béo photpholipid Gram âm trong đất ủ ở - 5 ° C đi kèm với sự gia tăng gấp hai lần sự kết hợp ở 13C. Sự gia tăng không đều này của các axit béo phospholipid và kết hợp 13C có thể được giải thích là do sự khử bão hòa đồng thời của các chuỗi axit béo hiện có và sự tổng hợp de novo của các axit béo không bão hòa đơn, cho thấy sự phát triển của vi sinh vật. Ngược lại, vi khuẩn Gram dương kết hợp các axit béo phospholipid ở nhiệt độ - 20 ° C cao hơn 2 lần so với ở - 5 và + 5 ° C mà không làm tăng đáng kể hàm lượng axit béo của chúng. Điều này phản ánh việc sửa chữa chuyên sâu các màng bị hư hỏng ở - 20 ° C mà không có sự phát triển của vi sinh vật. Tỷ lệ nấm / vi khuẩn thấp hơn 1,5 lần ở nhiệt độ subzero so với + 5 ° C, phản ánh sự thay đổi cấu trúc cộng đồng vi sinh vật theo hướng vi khuẩn. Theo đó, vi sinh vật đất thích nghi với sự đóng băng bằng cách (1) chuyển con đường trao đổi chất của chúng từ con đường pentose phosphate sang đường phân, (2) điều chỉnh axit béo phospholipid bằng cách khử bão hòa và, (3) chuyển cấu trúc cộng đồng vi sinh vật sang vi khuẩn Gram âm bằng cách khử nấm dân số.

Explanation:

Không phải lời của tôi! Tôi hi vọng cái này giúp được!

Answer:

factors that influenced daily food choices:

Explanation:

Social -ecological system is the set of different factors which influence our living styles, our dietary habits, our dress choice etc. on a daily basis. In today's world, everything act is done by people are only based on its popularity or followed by trends. Similarly, our daily food choices are also influenced by the trends and our surroundings in which we live. There is the impact of multiple factors on our daily food choices.

Social-ecological model can help us with our daily food choices by giving us the  knowledge of the factors and its healthy impact on our food choices which can lead us to a healthy life and prosperous environment. Smart choice not only make us health but also make the environment healthy for our lives.

Answer: The river will increase Beijing’s water supply, which is currently at risk of not meeting the city’s needs. This increase will help to soften the effect of droughts.

The downside of the new river is that it may disrupt natural areas, including habitats for plants and animals. The project will also be expensive and may take up space that could be used for homes, businesses, or agriculture.

Explanation: Change the wording...

The construction of a new river can help prevent the negative effects of drought by increasing the availability of water for human and ecological needs, and one way that a new river can help prevent the negative effects of drought is by increasing the recharge of groundwater resources.

During periods of drought, water resources can become scarce, leading to reduced crop yields, drinking water shortages, and negative impacts on ecosystems. By providing a new source of water, a new river can help alleviate some of these negative effects. A new river can provide a source of water that can help recharge aquifers and replenish groundwater supplies. However, the construction of a new river can also have negative effects on people and natural habitats. One potential negative impact is the displacement of people living in the area where the river is being constructed. This can lead to the loss of homes, farms, and livelihoods for local communities.

Hence, the construction of a new river can help prevent the negative effects of drought by increasing the availability of water for human and ecological needs.

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Answer:

Alteration in generation

Explanation:

It's because yeast has both haploid and dipliod phases in its life cycle ‍♂️

Answer:

If you are religious then you might believe in Adam and Eve and the Garden of Eden. But if you believe in science, then you would believe in evolution.

Sapiens or humans have been on the Earth for around 300,000 years.

Earlier ancestors existed 1.4 to 2 millions years ago.

Earliest writing is 5400 years old.

The bible is 2700 years old.

Why was there no record of Adam and Eve earlier?

Because they never really existed until someone created them.

The someone wasn't a deity . It was a man. A man who created a story.

Answer:

The outermost layer is called the tunica adventitia.

The muscular middle layer is called the tunica media.  

The innermost layer is called the tunica intima.

Explanation:

Answer:

tunica intima is the inner most tissue, tunica externa is he outermost layer of a blood vessel

Explanation:

Answer:

D. Serial dilution followed by a colony forming units calculation.

Explanation:

The best way to count bacterial cells such as Salmonella accurately is through serial dilution and calculation of colony forming units.

Serial dilution is made using a petri dish containing appropriate culture medium for Salmonella growth. In this petri dish, with the help of an inoculation loop, the suspension containing the Salmonella will be scratched in the middle of the petri dish. Then, the inoculation loop will be passed over the salmonella streaks and will be dragged to the other side of the plate, where the loop will be scratched halfway through this space. The inoculation loop should again pass over the new salmonella streaks and be dragged through the rest of the petri dish. Then one must wait for the bacterial colonies to grow inside the plate.

Once these colonies are grown, those that appear in isolation will be counted through a specific calculation for the count of salmonella colonies.

photosynthesis prosecss in the absence of oxygen

Answer:

a high-energy molecule that is used by every cell in the body as an energy carrier.

Answer:

A high energy molecule that is used by every cell in the body as an energy carrier.

Explanation:

Adenosine triphosphate, also known as the "energy currency" of the cell is an organic molecule that readily supplies energy to the cells to carry out metabolic and catabolic functions. This molecule consists of a nitrogenous base known as adenine, ribose sugar, and three phosphate molecules. The hydrolysis of ATP provides energy for muscle contraction, nerve impulses, signaling for hereditary materials like DNA and RNA, as well as phosphorylation.

Answer:

The Bone Extracellular Matrix in Bone Formation and Regeneration

Explanation:

Bone regeneration repairs bone tissue lost due to trauma, fractures, and tumors, or absent due to congenital disorders. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate dynamic bio-environment with precisely regulated mechanical and biochemical properties. In bone, ECMs are involved in regulating cell adhesion, proliferation, and responses to growth factors, differentiation, and ultimately, the functional characteristics of the mature bone. Bone ECM can induce the production of new bone by osteoblast-lineage cells, such as MSCs, osteoblasts, and osteocytes and the absorption of bone by osteoclasts. With the rapid development of bone regenerative medicine, the osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic potential of ECM-based scaffolds has attracted increasing attention.

please mark as brainliest

Answer:

Explanation:

B.  có nhiều hệ sinh thái khác nhau trên trái đất. mỗi hệ sinh thái có một đặc tính riêng và chúng có thể kết nối, tác động qua lại với các hệ sinh thái khác

1:3.5

Hope this helps! :)

Answer:

Complement

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The Complement System: Overview

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Major component of Innate Immune System

Consists of over 30 proteins, which participate in a tightly regulated cascade-like activation process.

Protects host from pathogenic microorganims, contributes to immune complex regulation & is an important link between the innate & adaptive immune systems.

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3 Major Outcomes of Complement Activation

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1. Stimulation of inflammatory reactions via release proinflammatory mediators, which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes (leading to microbe destruction) & inflammation

2. Opsonization of pathogens by depositing fragments of complement proteins on the pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis

3. Complement-Mediated Cytolysis, via formation of a Membrane Attack Complex, which can insert itself into bacterial membrane & cause osmotic lysis

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Alternative Pathway Steps

Lectin Pathway Activation

Classical Pathway Activation

Terms in this set (67)

The Complement System: Overview

Major component of Innate Immune System

Consists of over 30 proteins, which participate in a tightly regulated cascade-like activation process.

Protects host from pathogenic microorganims, contributes to immune complex regulation & is an important link between the innate & adaptive immune systems.

3 Major Outcomes of Complement Activation

1. Stimulation of inflammatory reactions via release proinflammatory mediators, which induce chemotaxis of leukocytes (leading to microbe destruction) & inflammation

2. Opsonization of pathogens by depositing fragments of complement proteins on the pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis

3. Complement-Mediated Cytolysis, via formation of a Membrane Attack Complex, which can insert itself into bacterial membrane & cause osmotic lysis

Explanation:

i don't know if It helps you...parang Ang layo naman Ng sagot ko sa tanong mo

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

c. lipids

Explanation:

Thyroid Gland produces an iodine-containing hormone

Answer:

thyroid gland

Explanation:

internally, the glands consists of follicles, which produce thyroxine and triiodothyronine hormone. These hormones contain iodine.

There's tropism and stimulus, for starters. Gravity, light, and touch can all be used as stimuli. So it is debatable... If the plant is reaching upwards towards a window that is above it... It would then be light, and the plant's response would be to reach upward.

Hope this helps and if it does, don't be afraid to give my answer a "Thanks" and maybe a Brainliest?  

Answer:

No. There are different types of media that may result useful to separate this species. Moreover, differential media can also be used to differentiate closely related species (e.g., by the change of color in the medium)

Explanation:

A selective media is a type of media capable of selecting for the growth of specific microorganisms while inhibiting the growth of others. For example, if a bacterium is resistant to an antibiotic (e.g., ampicillin), then this compound can be added to the medium in order to select bacteria that are resistant and simultaneously inhibit the growth of susceptible bacteria. Moreover, a differential media is a media that contain chemical indicators that allow certain microorganisms to be visually identified by the appearance of the colony and/or its surrounding media. Differential media have into account certain biochemical characteristics of target microorganisms (e.g., the change of color in the medium which is associated with the ability of the microorganism to ferment sugar molecules).

Answer:

The correct answer is - stem cells.

Explanation:

Stem cells can give rise to all tissues and organs in the body. These cells can differentiate into any form of cells, which allows them to repair tissues that have been damaged by various physiological or natural ways

There are two types of stem cells: Adult Stem Cells and Embryonic stem cells.

Cells that are present in the bone marrow or umbilical cord of a newborn baby and can be divided as Hematopoietic, a cell that can form blood cells and the immune system, and mesenchymal that form the body's cartilage, bones, muscles and other.

Embryonic stem cells are found on at blastocyst stage of embryo. These cells can transform into any type of tissue in the human body, which increases their treatment potential.

Answer:

stem cells

Explanation:

Because I'm smart...

Answer:

I believe it is Cholestral

Explanation:

Answer:

A survivorship curve reflects the relationship of survival rate with age. best curves the statement about survivorship.

Explanation:

heyy mate! hope this helped you!

A survivorship curve is a graph that shows the proportion of individuals in a population surviving at different age intervals. The correct statement is that survivorship curve describes the pattern of mortality in a population over time. The correct option is C.

Survivorship curve describes the pattern of mortality in a population over time. The survivorship curve is divided into three types, i.e., Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3. Survivorship curve type 1 represents a high survival rate throughout the lifespan of the population. It shows that most individuals survive until old age, and the mortality rate increases at the end of the lifespan.

Survivorship curve type 2 shows a relatively constant rate of mortality throughout the lifespan of the population. It indicates that the probability of survival remains the same throughout life.

Survivorship curve type 3 represents high mortality rates among young individuals in a population. It shows that most individuals die young, and only a few individuals survive to adulthood.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:

Which of the following statements regarding survivorship curves is correct?

a) survivorship curves are graphs that plot number of survivors (Nx) against age (x)

b) In type III curve, most individuals in the population die at the very early age

c) Survivorship curve describes the pattern of mortality in a population over time.

d) K-selected species typify populations that follow a type I curve

Answer:

a. Viral infections may lead to inflammation between the ribs (i.e., costochondritis)

b. Viral infection

c. Viral infection may lead to the influx of chemical mediators (cytokines), increased blood flow, and movement of plasma and white blood cells (leukocytes) from the blood into the injured site

Explanation:

Costochondritis is a painful condition caused by the inflammation of the cartilage that joins the ribs to the breastbone (this joint is known as the “costochondral joint”). Costochondritis is caused by inflammation of the costochondral joint, which may be triggered by multiple causes including, among others, viral/bacterial/fungal infections, exercise or strenuous activity, chest trauma, osteoarthritis, presence of tumors, etc. Acute inflammation is the immediate immune response of the body to harmful stimuli (e.g., viral infections), which is characterized by the increased movement of white blood cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) that rapidly travel from the blood into the injured area. This plasma contains chemical mediators like pro-inflammatory cytokines which are secreted from immune cells (e.g., Th1 cells, CD4+ cells, macrophages) in order to promote inflammation.

Answer:

A double membrane bound organelle involved in the synthesis and storage of food, and is commonly found within the cells of photosynthetic organisms, like plants. Supplement. One of the distinctive features of a plant cell is the presence of plastids.Types of Plastids

Chloroplasts.

Chromoplasts.

Gerontoplasts.

Leucoplasts.