Medicine College

Which is not an extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia?
A. Parkinsonian-type symptoms
B. Huntington's-type symptoms
C. neuroleptic malignant syndrome
D. tardive dyskinesia

Answers

Answer 1

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is not an extrapyramidal effect of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia.

The extrapyramidal effects of using antipsychotic medications to treat schizophrenia include Parkinsonian-type symptoms, Huntington's-type symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia. However, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is not considered an extrapyramidal effect of antipsychotic medications.

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can occur as a severe reaction to antipsychotic medications. It is characterized by a combination of symptoms, including high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, autonomic dysfunction (e.g., rapid heart rate, fluctuating blood pressure), and evidence of muscle breakdown (elevated creatine kinase levels).

NMS is considered an idiosyncratic reaction to antipsychotic medications, and its exact cause is not fully understood. It is believed to involve dysregulation of dopamine receptors and disruption of the central thermoregulatory mechanisms. NMS can occur with both typical (first-generation) and atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics.

On the other hand, the extrapyramidal effects mentioned in options A, B, and D are commonly associated with antipsychotic medication use.

Parkinsonian-type symptoms resemble Parkinson's disease and can include bradykinesia (slowness of movement), rigidity, resting tremors, and postural instability. These symptoms result from the blockade of dopamine receptors in the basal ganglia.

Huntington's-type symptoms, also known as hyperkinetic or dyskinetic symptoms, are characterized by abnormal involuntary movements such as chorea (dance-like movements) and dystonia (sustained muscle contractions leading to abnormal postures).

Tardive dyskinesia is a delayed-onset side effect of long-term antipsychotic use, characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements of the face, tongue, lips, and limbs. It can be irreversible even after discontinuation of the medication.

In conclusion, the correct answer is C).

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